Suitability of Corneal Tissue for Transplantation Derived From Violent Death: A 10-Year Analysis.

Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Corneal tissue donors generally are those who suffered an injury to the brain or fatal trauma caused by stroke, vehicle/motorbike accidents, gunshot wounds, and drowning or cardiovascular death. In Brazil, the Distrito Federal (DF) Eye Bank, located within a trauma center hospital, and the Secretariat of Public Security have collaborated with the aim of increasing the overall number of cornea donations from fatal trauma victims. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of cornea tissue for transplantation derived from trauma-related death. The records of eyes donated in the DF Eye Bank were analyzed retrospectively for the period from 2004-2013. We had 3388 cornea donors, the majority of which were between 21 and 30 years old (17.4%), which were derived from violent death (84.1%; P = .00) and were predominately male (73.5%). Among the donated corneas, 54.0% were used for optic purposes. Mechanical trauma caused by gunshot, stabbing or blunt force (23.7%), and road traffic injuries (11%) were the main causes of violent death. Another common cause of death was cardiovascular disease (26.3%). Donor tissue derived from violent death had no statistical interference on tissue suitability for transplantation (P = .06). Because of the large waiting lists, and waiting times for transplants, it is advisable to increase the available tissue from corneas donors derived from violent death through the implementation of this interagency model of collaboration and by the practicing of active tissue donor screening in trauma center hospitals.

Effects of Dietary L-Glutamine or L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Supplementation Programs on the Performance and Breast Meat Yield Uniformity of 42-d-Old Broilers

This study aimed at evaluating four dietary L-Glutamine (L-Gln) or L-Gln plus L-Glutamate (L-Glu) supplementation programs on the performance, breast yield, and uniformity of broilers. A total of 2,112 one-d-old male Cobb 500(r) broilers were distributed according to a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu × 4 supplementation programs), totaling eight treatments with 12 replicates of 22 broilers each. The supplementation programs consisted of the dietary inclusion or not of 0.4% of L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for four different periods: 0 days (negative control), 9d, 21d, and 42d. Feed intake (FI, g), body weight gain (BWG, g), feed conversion ratio (FCR, kg/kg), coefficient of variation of body weight (CV, %), body weight uniformity (UNIF, %), breast weight (BW, g), breast yield (BY, %), coefficient of variation of breast weight (CVB), breast uniformity (UNIFB), coefficient of variation of breast yield (CVBY), and breast yield uniformity (UNIFBY) were evaluated. Birds fed the diets treatments supplemented with L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for 9d presented 3% higher BWG (p<0.05) compared with the controls. The L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu supplementation until broilers were 21 days old resulted in 14, 10, 16, and 12% improvements (p<0.05) in CV, UNIF, CVBY, UNIFBY, respectively. The supplementation of 0.4% L-Gln (L-Gln 99%) or L-Gln plus L-Glu (minimum 95%) to pre-starter and starter broiler diets is recommended to improve body weight gain and uniformity.(AU)

Effects of Dietary L-Glutamine or L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Supplementation Programs on the Performance and Breast Meat Yield Uniformity of 42-d-Old Broilers

This study aimed at evaluating four dietary L-Glutamine (L-Gln) or L-Gln plus L-Glutamate (L-Glu) supplementation programs on the performance, breast yield, and uniformity of broilers. A total of 2,112 one-d-old male Cobb 500(r) broilers were distributed according to a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu × 4 supplementation programs), totaling eight treatments with 12 replicates of 22 broilers each. The supplementation programs consisted of the dietary inclusion or not of 0.4% of L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for four different periods: 0 days (negative control), 9d, 21d, and 42d. Feed intake (FI, g), body weight gain (BWG, g), feed conversion ratio (FCR, kg/kg), coefficient of variation of body weight (CV, %), body weight uniformity (UNIF, %), breast weight (BW, g), breast yield (BY, %), coefficient of variation of breast weight (CVB), breast uniformity (UNIFB), coefficient of variation of breast yield (CVBY), and breast yield uniformity (UNIFBY) were evaluated. Birds fed the diets treatments supplemented with L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu for 9d presented 3% higher BWG (p<0.05) compared with the controls. The L-Gln or L-Gln plus L-Glu supplementation until broilers were 21 days old resulted in 14, 10, 16, and 12% improvements (p<0.05) in CV, UNIF, CVBY, UNIFBY, respectively. The supplementation of 0.4% L-Gln (L-Gln 99%) or L-Gln plus L-Glu (minimum 95%) to pre-starter and starter broiler diets is recommended to improve body weight gain and uniformity.

Golgi complex disassembly caused by light-activated calphostin C involves MAPK and PKA.

We examined the participation of MAPK and PKA in the Golgi complex disassembly caused by light-activated Calphostin C in HT-29 cells. When these cells were incubated with Calphostin C, fragmentation and dispersal of the Golgi complex was observed as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Electron microscopy analysis showed that clusters of vesicles and large tubule-vesicular membrane structures, resembling the Golgi remnants present in mitotic cells, substituted the Golgi stacks. In addition, Calphostin C treatment caused inhibition of the endocytic route. We confirmed that the Golgi disassembly was not due to PKC inhibition, and suggested, based on the use of specific inhibitors, that other kinases are involved. It was shown that pretreatment with PD98059 and H-89, both inhibitors of MAPK and PKA, respectively, prior to incubation with Calphostin C, caused blockade of the Golgi disassembly, as well as the inhibition of the endocytic pathway caused by this drug. This finding supports the existence of a novel mechanism by which MAPK and PKA may regulate the Golgi breakdown caused by Calphostin C in HT-29 cells.

Mastitis after induced mammogenesis in a nulliparous goat

ABSTRACT This is a case report on a nulliparous Toggenbourg goat, one year of age that, after being submitted to superovulation with human menopause gonadotrophin, presented mammogenesis and lactogenesis. Both neoformed mammary glands were naturally infected with -hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus and evolved clinically in different forms. The left half evolved to acute catarrhal mastitis that responded positively to treatment using sodium cloxacillin, whereas right mammary gland evolved to phlegmonous gangrenous mastitis, with teat loss. The mammary tissue remaining had to be surgically removed. The present report emphasizes that multi-tissue effect should not be ignored when hormonal therapy is used. The potential risk of induced mammogenesis in nulliparous animals and the nosological diversity that mastitis may present should be considered, once the etiological agent and host were the same, and different inflammatory responses were observed in the two halves.

RESUMO Relata-se o caso de uma fêmea caprina nulípara da raça Toggembourg, com 1 ano de idade, que após ser submetida à superovulação com gonadotrofina da menopausa humana (hMG) apresentou mamogênese e lactogênese. Ambas as mamas neoformadas foram naturalmente infectadas com Staphylococcus aureus -hemolítico e evoluíram clinicamente de formas distintas. A glândula mamária esquerda evoluiu para uma mastite catarral aguda que respondeu positivamente ao tratamento com cloxacilina sódica, enquanto a mama direita evoluiu para mastite flegmonosa gangrenosa, com desprendimento do teto, sendo o tecido mamário restante removido cirurgicamente. O presente relato salienta a importância de não desconsiderar o efeito multitecidual que a terapia hormonal apresenta, o potencial risco da mamogênese induzida em nulíparas e a diversidade nosológica que a mastite pode apresentar, uma vez que o agente etiológico e o hospedeiro eram os mesmos, com resposta inflamatória distinta das mamas.

Analysis of bacterial community structure in sulfurous-oil-containing soils and detection of species carrying dibenzothiophene desulfurization (dsz) genes.

The selective effects of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, with respect to changes in bacterial community structure and selection of desulfurizing organisms and genes, were studied in soil. Samples taken from a polluted field soil (A) along a concentration gradient of sulfurous oil and from soil microcosms treated with dibenzothiophene (DBT)-containing petroleum (FSL soil) were analyzed. Analyses included plate counts of total bacteria and of DBT utilizers, molecular community profiling via soil DNA-based PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), and detection of genes that encode enzymes involved in the desulfurization of hydrocarbons, i.e., dszA, dszB, and dszC. Data obtained from the A soil showed no discriminating effects of oil levels on the culturable bacterial numbers on either medium used. Generally, counts of DBT degraders were 10- to 100-fold lower than the total culturable counts. However, PCR-DGGE showed that the numbers of bands detected in the molecular community profiles decreased with increasing oil content of the soil. Analysis of the sequences of three prominent bands of the profiles generated with the highly polluted soil samples suggested that the underlying organisms were related to Actinomyces sp., Arthrobacter sp., and a bacterium of uncertain affiliation. dszA, dszB, and dszC genes were present in all A soil samples, whereas a range of unpolluted soils gave negative results in this analysis. Results from the study of FSL soil revealed minor effects of the petroleum-DBT treatment on culturable bacterial numbers and clear effects on the DBT-utilizing communities. The molecular community profiles were largely stable over time in the untreated soil, whereas they showed a progressive change over time following treatment with DBT-containing petroleum. Direct PCR assessment revealed the presence of dszB-related signals in the untreated FSL soil and the apparent selection of dszA- and dszC-related sequences by the petroleum-DBT treatment. PCR-DGGE applied to sequential enrichment cultures in DBT-containing sulfur-free basal salts medium prepared from the A and treated FSL soils revealed the selection of up to 10 distinct bands. Sequencing a subset of these bands provided evidence for the presence of organisms related to Pseudomonas putida, a Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Rhodococcus erythropolis. Several of 52 colonies obtained from the A and FSL soils on agar plates with DBT as the sole sulfur source produced bands that matched the migration of bands selected in the enrichment cultures. Evidence for the presence of dszB in 12 strains was obtained, whereas dszA and dszC genes were found in only 7 and 6 strains, respectively. Most of the strains carrying dszA or dszC were classified as R. erythropolis related, and all revealed the capacity to desulfurize DBT. A comparison of 37 dszA sequences, obtained via PCR from the A and FSL soils, from enrichments of these soils, and from isolates, revealed the great similarity of all sequences to the canonical (R. erythropolis strain IGTS8) dszA sequence and a large degree of internal conservation. The 37 sequences recovered were grouped in three clusters. One group, consisting of 30 sequences, was minimally 98% related to the IGTS8 sequence, a second group of 2 sequences was slightly different, and a third group of 5 sequences was 95% similar. The first two groups contained sequences obtained from both soil types and enrichment cultures (including isolates), but the last consisted of sequences obtained directly from the polluted A soil.

Determinação do nível de contaminação por coliformes totais no queijo Minas comercializado na região metropolitana de Salvador - Bahia.

RESUMO: O leite e os seus produtos lácteos têm sido usados como alimento para o homem desde os primórdios da civilização. A limpeza e a sanitização na indústria de alimentos são operações primordiais no controle higiênico-sanitário dos alimentos e visam evitar a contaminação dos mesmos. Assim como, em fase final da produção, por exemplo, durante o envase onde as embalagens utilizadas para os queijos frescos tem como principais funções evitar grandes perdas de umidade e a contaminação microbiológica. Foram realizadas seis coisas, perfazendo 24 (75%) amostras de queijo minas-frescal analisadas de sete diferentes marcas, sendo oito (33,33%) representando a marca B, cinco (20,83%.) a marca C, quatro (16,66%) a marca D, três (12,50%) a marca E, dois (8,33%) a marca F, uma (4,16%) a marca G e uma (4,16%) a marca H, enquanto foram analisadas seis (25%) amostras de queijo minas-padrão, em três diferentes marcas perfazendo três (50%) amostras da marca A1, duas (33,33%) da marca A2 e uma (16,66%) da marca A3, realizadas diluições e semeadas, em triplicatas, em tubos de ensaio contendo caldo lactose-bile-verde brilhante e tubos de Durham (37C /24-48 h). Das seis amostras de quejo minas padrão analisadas 100% delas estavam com nível baixo de coliformes totais (NMP), menos de 30 bac/g, já das 24 amostras de queijo minas frescal das sete diferentes marcas pesq

Isolamento e identificação de coliformes no queijo Minas comercializado na região metropolitana de Salvador - Bahia.

RESUMO: A estreita relação entre o consumo de leite e seus derivados e a melhoria da qualidade de vida é sistematicamente defendida por pesquisadores de todo mundo. O queijo é um importante derivado do leite, apreciado tanto pelo seu valor nutritivo como pelo seu sabor, que atende aos mais exigentes paladares. No entanto, as condições de processamento, armazenamento e comercialização podem comprometer suas características organolépticas, bem como torná-lo impróprio para o consumo, em virtude da contaminação por microrganismos responsáveis por toxinfecções alimentares. Foram realizadas seis coletas, perfazendo 24 ( 75%) amostras de queijo Minas frescal analisadas de sete diferentes marcas, sendo oito (33,33 %) representando a marca B, cinco (20,83 %) a marca C, quatro (16,66 %) a marca D, três (12,50 % ) a marca E, dois (8,33 %) a marca F, uma (4,16 %) a marca G e uma (4,16 %) a marca H, enquanto foram coletadas e analisadas seis (25 %) amostras de queijo Minas padrão, em três diferentes marcas perfazendo três (50 % ) amostras da marca A1, duas (33,33) da marca A2 e uma (16,66%) da marca A3. De acordo com os resultados da análise de variância houve efeito significativo o que demonstra a baixa qualidade do queijo Minas frescal comercializado na região metropolitana de Salvador. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Queijo, qualidade, coliformes SUMMARY: The proximal r

Determinação do nível de contaminação por coliformes totais no queijo Minas comercializado na região metropolitana de Salvador - Bahia.

RESUMO: O leite e os seus produtos lácteos têm sido usados como alimento para o homem desde os primórdios da civilização. A limpeza e a sanitização na indústria de alimentos são operações primordiais no controle higiênico-sanitário dos alimentos e visam evitar a contaminação dos mesmos. Assim como, em fase final da produção, por exemplo, durante o envase onde as embalagens utilizadas para os queijos frescos tem como principais funções evitar grandes perdas de umidade e a contaminação microbiológica. Foram realizadas seis coisas, perfazendo 24 (75%) amostras de queijo minas-frescal analisadas de sete diferentes marcas, sendo oito (33,33%) representando a marca B, cinco (20,83%.) a marca C, quatro (16,66%) a marca D, três (12,50%) a marca E, dois (8,33%) a marca F, uma (4,16%) a marca G e uma (4,16%) a marca H, enquanto foram analisadas seis (25%) amostras de queijo minas-padrão, em três diferentes marcas perfazendo três (50%) amostras da marca A1, duas (33,33%) da marca A2 e uma (16,66%) da marca A3, realizadas diluições e semeadas, em triplicatas, em tubos de ensaio contendo caldo lactose-bile-verde brilhante e tubos de Durham (37C /24-48 h). Das seis amostras de quejo minas padrão analisadas 100% delas estavam com nível baixo de coliformes totais (NMP), menos de 30 bac/g, já das 24 amostras de queijo minas frescal das sete diferentes marcas pesq

Isolamento e identificação de coliformes no queijo Minas comercializado na região metropolitana de Salvador - Bahia

RESUMO: A estreita relação entre o consumo de leite e seus derivados e a melhoria da qualidade de vida é sistematicamente defendida por pesquisadores de todo mundo. O queijo é um importante derivado do leite, apreciado tanto pelo seu valor nutritivo como pelo seu sabor, que atende aos mais exigentes paladares. No entanto, as condições de processamento, armazenamento e comercialização podem comprometer suas características organolépticas, bem como torná-lo impróprio para o consumo, em virtude da contaminação por microrganismos responsáveis por toxinfecções alimentares. Foram realizadas seis coletas, perfazendo 24 ( 75%) amostras de queijo Minas frescal analisadas de sete diferentes marcas, sendo oito (33,33 %) representando a marca B, cinco (20,83 %) a marca C, quatro (16,66 %) a marca D, três (12,50 % ) a marca E, dois (8,33 %) a marca F, uma (4,16 %) a marca G e uma (4,16 %) a marca H, enquanto foram coletadas e analisadas seis (25 %) amostras de queijo Minas padrão, em três diferentes marcas perfazendo três (50 % ) amostras da marca A1, duas (33,33) da marca A2 e uma (16,66%) da marca A3. De acordo com os resultados da análise de variância houve efeito significativo o que demonstra a baixa qualidade do queijo Minas frescal comercializado na região metropolitana de Salvador. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Queijo, qualidade, coliformes SUMMARY: The proximal r

Occurence of Veillonella and Neisseria in the niches of the human oral cavity.

Samples collected from the dental surface, gingival sulcus, dorsum of the tongue and from the cheek of ten adults (18 to 32 years) were investigated to identify the Veillonella and Neisseria species present by applying the taxonomic criteria suggested in the latest edition of Bergey's Manual. The various niches contain both V. parvula and V. alcalescens, but with the predominance of strains which do not fit precisely the described catalase and putrescine requirements. Eighty-nine out of 100 isolated strains of Gram negative oxidase positive cocci could be identified as N. sicca and N. subflava; about 11 unidentified strains exhibited characteristics of N. flavescens species.