Volumetric dimensional changes of autogenous bone and the mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone graft in humans maxillary sinus augmentation. A multislice tomographic study.

PURPOSE: This multislice tomographic study evaluated the dimensional changes after maxillary sinus augmentation using autogenous bone or a mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten selected patients, requiring a bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation, were divided, in a split mouth, design as follows: control group (CG n = 10 sinus grafted with autogenous bone) and test group (TG, n = 10 sinus grafted with a mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone at 80 : 20 w/w). Follow a healing period of 15 and 180 days, computed tomography (CT) measurements were taken by two blinded and calibrated examiners to verify the volumetric dimensional changes of the both groups. RESULTS: The interobserver agreement obtained ranged from good to excellent for both groups. Both groups presented significant dimensional changes after 180 days period healing (P < 0.05). The volumetric reduction in test group was lower (25.87%) when compared with the CG (42.30%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The both graft materials improved the bone volumetric ability to anchorage a dental implant. Moreover, the mixture of HA and autogenous bone graft showed lower degree of resorption and higher dimensional stability when compared with autogenous bone graft alone, at least at 180 days of healing. The CT exam protocol should be used as an important tool to measure bone grafts volumetric alterations.

Association of IL1 gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in Brazilians.

UNLABELLED: Chronic periodontal disease (PD) is an infectious immune-inflammatory illness. Polymorphisms in IL1 genes play a role in inflammatory diseases through the modulation of cytokine levels. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the IL1 gene cluster and chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population. DESIGN: a sample of 113 subjects over 25 years (mean age 41.2) were grouped into: 44 healthy individuals, 31 subjects with moderate and 38 with severe periodontitis. DNA was obtained through a mouthwash and oral mucosa scraping. PCR-RFLP was used to identify the following polymorphisms: IL1A C-889T (rs1800587), IL1B C-511T (rs16944), IL1B C+3954T (rs11436340), IL1RN intron 2 (rs2234663). Differences in the allele/genotype/haplotype frequencies were assessed by Chi-square test (p<0.05). The risk associated with alleles, genotypes and haplotypes was calculated as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: neither IL1A (C-889T) nor IL1B (C+3954T) polymorphisms was associated with chronic PD. Allele T for IL1B (C-511T) only associated with PD in the group of blacks and mulattos. Moreover, genotype 2/2 for IL1RN (intron 2) was associated with severe PD. CONCLUSIONS: genotype 2/2 of IL1RN for the whole Brazilian population and allele T of IL1B (C-511T) in a subgroup of Afro-Americans and mulattos were suggested as putative risk indicators for chronic periodontitis.