Sesgo de deseabilidad social en medidas de valores organizacionales / Social desirability bias in measures of organizational values

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la existencia de sesgo relacionado a la deseabilidad social en una investigación sobre los valores organizacionales. Participaron del estudio 232 personas que fueron divididas en dos grupos. El grupo 1, con 147 personas, fue formado por profesionales invitados a participar de la investigación por las empresas en las cuales trabajaban. Ellos fueron informados que la empresa recibiría un documento final con los resultados, sin ningún tipo de información individualizada. El grupo 2, con 85 personas, fue formado por profesionales invitados directamente por un investigador y fueron informados que en los resultados no habría ningún aspecto que permitiese su identificación, ni de su empresa. El instrumento aplicado fue el Inventario de Valores Organizacionales (IVO). Los resultados indicaron la presencia de un posible sesgo en las respuestas de los integrantes del grupo 1, apuntando para la necesidad de cuidados paliativos procesuales y estadísticos en situaciones semejantes de investigación en ambientes organizacionales.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the existence of social desirability bias in research on organizational values​​. 232 people participated in the survey, divided into two groups. Group 1 was composed of professionals that were invited to respond to the survey by the companies they worked for, with 147 people. They were informed that the company would receive a consolidated report on the results, without any individualized information. Group 2, with 85 people, consisted of professionals invited directly by a researcher and they were informed that the results would not enable their identification, neither the company they worked for. The instrument used was the Organizational Values ​​Inventory (IVO). The results indicated the presence of possible bias in the responses of members of group 1, pointing to the need for procedural and statistical palliative care when running similar assessments in organizational settings.

Valores organizacionales: evidencias de validez para un instrumento de medida

El objetivo fue buscar evidencias de validez para el Inventario de Valores Organizacionales (IVO) por medio de sus relaciones con otras variables. Se utilizaron la Escala de Satisfacción en el Trabajo (EST) y la Escala de Evaluación de la Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo (Escala-QVT). Participaron 213 personas, con edades entre 17 y 71 años, de ambos sexos y de diversos estados brasileños. La mayoría de los participantes (95,3%) tenían nivel superior incompleto, completo o postgrado. El tiempo de trabajo en la organización fue entre uno y 31 años y los niveles jerárquicos informados fueron desde la presidencia de la organización hasta posiciones no gerenciales. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas entre todos los factores del IVO y todos los factores de la EST y de la Escala-QVT, con magnitudes oscilando entre bajas y moderadas, lo que puede ser considerado una evidencia de validez para los instrumentos, en especial para el IVO, enfoque de este estudio

This study aimed to find evidence for the validity of Organizational Values Inventory (IVO) based on its relationships with other variables. In order to find them, the Job Satisfaction Scale (EST) and the Scale for Assessment of Quality of Work Life (Escala-QVT) were used. The study included 213 people, from several Brazilian states, of both sexes and with ages ranging between 17 and 71 years. In terms of education, 95.3% (203) of the sample had incomplete or complete college or undergraduate levels. The length of service in the organization ranged between one and 31 years and reported hierarchical levels ranged from top management of the organization to non-managerial positions. The results showed positive and statistically significant correlations between all IVO factors and all EST and Scale-QVT factors, with magnitudes ranging from weak to moderate for both scales, which can be taken as evidence for the validity of the instruments, especially for the case of IVO which was the focus of this study

O objetivo foi buscar evidências de validade para o Inventário de Valores Organizacionais (IVO) por meio de suas relações com outras variáveis. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho (EST) e a Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (Escala-QVT). Participaram 213 pessoas, com idades variando de 17 a 71 anos, homens e muheres, oriundas de diversos estados brasileiros. A maioria dos participantes (95.3%) possuía nível superior incompleto, completo ou pós-graduação. O tempo de serviço na organização variou entre um e 31 anos e os níveis hierárquicos reportados variaram desde a presidência da organização até posições não gerenciais. Os resultados mostraram correlações positivas e estatisticamente significativas entre todos os fatores do IVO e todos os fatores da EST e da Escala-QVT, com as magnitudes variando entre fracas e moderadas, o que pode ser assumido como evidências de validade para os instrumentos, em especial para o IVO, foco deste estudo

Medidas de afectos en dominios específicos / Affect Measures in Specific Domains

A fin de responder a la pregunta ¿Qué está bien en las personas?, la psicología positiva estudia las cualidades humanas y la promoción de su funcionamiento positivo, en particular, los afectos positivos y negativos que aluden al resultado de la intensidad y frecuencia de las emociones vivenciadas. Con el objetivo de medir los afectos en dominios específicos, a saber: yo, familia, amigos y trabajo/finanzas, el presente estudio utilizó la Escala de Afectos Zanon en una versión modificada a la que se le hizo una adaptación en su instrucción, para verificar posibles diferencias en las medidas de los afectos. Participaron de la investigación 142 personas, con edades entre 15 y 87 años, con 7.74 de nota promedio para la vida en general. Entre los principales resultados, fueron identificadas diferencias significativas entre los sexos para afectos negativos y afectos positivos y, en relación con la edad, para los afectos negativos respecto del trabajo.

In order to answer the question "What's right with people?" Positive Psychology aims to study the human qualities as well as promoting their positive functioning. The positive and negative affect are studied by the proposed approach and refer to the result of the intensity and frequency of experienced emotions. With the aim of measuring the affects in specific areas, namely 'I', 'Family', 'Friends' and 'Work / Finance', this study used the modified Zanon Scale Affects to detect differences in measures of affect. Participants were in the number of 142 people between 15 and 87 years old, with 7.74 average grade assigned for life in general. Among the main results, significant differences were found between genders for negative affect and positive affect, and with respect to age, there was a statistically significant negative affect toward work.

Routine childhood vaccination programme coverage, El Salvador, 2011-In search of timeliness.

While assessing immunization programmes, not only vaccination coverage is important, but also timely receipt of vaccines. We estimated both vaccination coverage and timeliness, as well as reasons for non-vaccination, and identified predictors of delayed or missed vaccination, for vaccines of the first two years of age, in El Salvador. We conducted a cluster survey among children aged 23-59 months. Caregivers were interviewed about the child immunization status and their attitudes towards immunization. Vaccination dates were obtained from children immunization cards at home or at health facilities. We referred to the 2006 vaccination schedule for children below two years: one dose of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) at birth; rotavirus at two and four months; three doses of pentavalent - DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis), hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) - and of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (polio) at two, four, and six months; first MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) at 12 months; and first boosters of DTP and OPV at 18 months. Timeliness was assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis; Cox and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of vaccination. We surveyed 2550 children. Coverage was highest for BCG (991%; 95% CI: 98.8-99.5) and lowest for rotavirus, especially second dose (86.3%; 95% CI: 84.2-88.4). The first doses of MMR and DTP had 991% (95% CI: 98.5-99.6) and 977% (95% CI: 970-985), respectively. Overall coverage was 837% (95% CI: 81.4-86.0); 96.4% (95% CI: 95.4-97.5), excluding rotavirus. However, only 26.7% (95% CI: 24.7-28.8) were vaccinated within the age interval recommended by the Expanded Programme on Immunization. Being employed and using the bus for transport to the health facility were associated with age-inappropriate vaccinations; while living in households with only two residents and in the "Paracentral", "Occidental", and "Oriental" regions was associated with age-appropriate vaccinations. Vaccination coverage was high in El Salvador, but general timeliness and rotavirus uptake could be improved.