Photobiomodulation exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the vascular and cellular phases of experimental inflammatory models.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a non-thermal therapeutic procedure widely used in clinical practice. It is considered an effective modality of treatment for the control of various inflammatory conditions with fewer adverse effects as compared to conventional therapy. However, despite the clinical effects, the mechanisms of action and dosimetric parameters of PBMT are not fully understood. This study was performed to describe the effects of two different doses of PBMT on experimental models of inflammation. Male Swiss mice were administered with 0.9% of saline or phlogistic agents (carrageenan, dextran, serotonin, histamine, or bradykinin) by intra-plantar injection and were treated with PBMT at a dose of 1 or 5 J/cm2; right after, the variation of the paw volume was made, and histopathological analysis and myeloperoxidase assay of the carrageenan-induced edematous paw tissues were performed. The action of PBMT on carrageenan-induced vascular permeability was further evaluated. Our results showed that PBMT (1 J/cm2) led to an improvement in paw edema induced by the phlogistic agents and further reduced the histological scores. Inhibition of neutrophil migration was observed following the administration of 1 and 5 J/cm2 of PBMT. However, only 1 J/cm2 of PBMT showed beneficial effects on carrageenan-induced edema. Laser at a dose of 1 J/cm2 showed cellular and vascular effects since it was able to reverse all the inflammatory parameters, and laser at a dose of 5 J/cm2 probably has only cellular effects in the presence of acute inflammation.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma participates in nimesulide-induced hepatic damage.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the participation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in the liver damage caused by nimesulide. METHODS: Liver damage been induced by nimesulide. Mice were treated with either 2% dimethyl sulfoxide or AS605240, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma pathway antagonist. Blood samples were collected for function assays of liver. The liver was removed for analysis of liver weight/animal weight ratio, histopathological parameters, oxidative and nitrous stress, cytokine levels, and the immunostaining for cyclooxygenase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B. KEY FINDINGS: Liver injured by nimesulide and treated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma inhibitor significantly reversed (P < 0.05) the damage; it decreased the liver weight/animal weight ratio, histopathological scores, and neutrophil infiltration, consequently reducing oxidative stress. In addition, we show that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma is associated with hepatic damage induced by nimesulide, because it altered liver function and increased the protein immunostaining of cyclooxygenase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B in the liver tissue of nimesulide-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from the present study allows us to infer that nimesulide causes liver damage through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma pathway.

Chemical structure and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharide extracted from Morinda citrifolia Linn (Noni).

Polysaccharides extracted from plants are very promising molecules in the field of pharmacotherapy. Knowing this, the aim of this study was to extract, characterize and evaluate the action of the polysaccharide of Morinda citrifolia Linn (Noni-PLS) in biological models of inflammatory processes. The characterization tests shown that sample refers to a heteropolysaccharide composed mainly of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan. This polysaccharide at dose of 10 mg/kg, when tested in our models of inflammation, showed significant activity in reducing carrageenan-induced paw oedema as well as all mediators edemas. This polysaccharide was able to inhibit the migration of leukocytes to the site of inflammation, and still reduced inflammatory nociception tests. This results, allows us to conclude that the polysaccharide extracted from Morinda citrifolia linn has anti-inflammatory potential since it reversed inflammatory parameters such as edema, leukocyte migration and nociception.

Photobiomodulation reduces neutrophil migration and oxidative stress in mice with carrageenan-induced peritonitis.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of two doses of photobiomodulation (PBM) on inflammatory parameters including cell migration and oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced peritonitis models. Twenty-eight mice were divided into four groups: saline; untreated carrageenan (Cg; inflammation induced); and PMB treatment groups L1 and L5 (inflammation induced with carrageenan followed by laser irradiation at 1 and 5 J/cm2, respectively). After 30 min of inducing inflammation, laser irradiation was administered every hour, for 4 h. Peritoneal fluid was collected for analyses. The total leukocyte number in the peritoneal fluid in L1 (4.33 ± 2.34) and L5 (4.95 ± 2.86) after PBM was lower than that in Cg (10.93 ± 5.15 cells/ml). The average differential count of neutrophils in the Cg was 9.46 ± 4.31 cells/ml, which was higher than that in L1 (3.7 ± 2.08) and L5 (4.94 ± 2.57). Myeloperoxidase activity was also lower in L1 (1.89 ± 0.43) and L5 (4.84 ± 2.62) than in Cg (22.92 ± 4.52 UMPO/ml). Malondialdehyde content was lower in L1 (137.5 ± 12.33) and L5 (169.6 ± 22.77) than in Cg (345.7 ± 65.67 nmol/ml). Glutathione peroxidase concentration was significantly higher in L1 (155.2 ± 12.43) and L5 (145.9 ± 9.585) than in Cg (79.75 ± 9.567 µ/ml). Nitrite concentration was lower in L1 (0.3317 µM ± 0.0669) and L5 (0.2429 µM ± 0.0232) than in Cg (0.8380 µM ± 0.01615). Laser irradiation at 1 and 5 J/cm2 reversed the inflammation (as indicated by neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress).

Collagen-based silver nanoparticles: Study on cell viability, skin permeation, and swelling inhibition.

Collagen is considered the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom, comprising 30% of the total amount of proteins and 6% of the human body by weight. Studies that examine the interaction between silver nanoparticles and proteins have been highlighted in the literature in order to understand the stability of the nanoparticle system, the effects observed in biological systems, and the appearance of new chemical pharmaceutical products. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of silver nanoparticles stabilized with collagen (AgNPcol) and to check the skin permeation capacity and action in paw edema induced by carrageenan. AgNPcol synthesis was carried out using solutions of reducing agent sodium borohydride (NaBH4), silver nitrate (AgNO3) and collagen. Characterization was done by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and AFM. Cellular viability testing was performed by using flow cytometry in human melanoma cancer (MV3) and murine fibroblast (L929) cells. The skin permeation study was conducted using a Franz diffusion cell, and the efficiency of AgNPcol against the formation of paw edema in mice was evaluated. The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of AgNPcol were 140.7±7.8nm and 20.1±0.7mV, respectively. AgNPcol failed to induce early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and necrosis in L929 cells; however, it exhibited enhanced toxicity in cancer cells (MV3) compared to normal cells (L929). AgNPcol demonstrated increased toxicological effects in cancer MV3 cells, promoting skin permeation, and preventing paw edema.

Avaliação da atuação do núcleo de apoio à saúde da família / Evaluation of the performance of the Family Health Support Center / Evaluación de la actuación del Núcleo de Apoyo a la Salud de la Familia

Avaliar a atuação do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) através do conhecimento e da avaliação de serviços pelos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Métodos: Estudo descritivo quantitativo realizado em 2012 junto às 10 ESF vinculadas ao NASF, distrito 1, de Parnaíba/PI - Brasil, no qual entrevistaram-se 76 profissionais por meio de um questionário composto por caracterização do profissional, investigação do seu conhecimento com relação às atividades do NASF e avaliação dos serviços prestados pela equipe do NASF. Os dados foram divididos em categorias, agrupados e analisados pelo SPSS (versão 19.0). Resultados: Na avaliação da atuação do NASF pelos membros das ESF, 42% (n=32) apontaram o serviço como muito importante, 59,0% (n=45) dos membros encontravam-se satisfeitos, 54,0% (n=41) classificavam o serviço como acessível para a população e 90% (n=68) dos entrevistados reconheceram quais os profissionais que compõem a equipe do NASF, destacando o fisioterapeuta e o educador físico. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que as ESF possuem informação com relação à estrutura do NASF, apontando o serviço como muito importante, estando satisfeitos com as atividades realizadas, classificando o serviço como acessível para a população, sendo esta informada pelo NASF acerca de seus direitos na saúde pública...

To evaluate the performance of the Family Health Support Center (NASF) through the knowledge and evaluation of services by professionals of the Family HealthStrategy (FHS). Methods: Quantitative descriptive study conducted in 2012 with 10 FHS linked to NASF, District 1, Parnaíba - PI - Brazil, where 76 professionals were interviewed using a questionnaire on the characterization of the professional, their knowledge regarding the NASF activities and the evaluation of services provided by the NASF team. The data were divided into categories, grouped and analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results: In the evaluation of the NASF performance by the members of the FHS, 42% (n=32) considered the service very important, 59.0% (n= 5) of the members were satisfied, 54.0% (n=41) rated the service as accessible to the population, and 90% (n=68) of interviewees recognized which professionals make up the NASF team, highlighting the physiotherapist and the physical educator. Conclusion: It is concluded that the FHS have information regarding the structure of the NASF, pointing the service as very important. Additionally, they are satisfied with the activities performed and rate the service as accessible to the population, which is informed by NASF about their rights in public health...

Evaluar la actuación del Núcleo de Apoyo a la Salud de la Familia (NASF) a través del conocimiento y de la evaluación de servicios por los profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar (ESF). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo cuantitativo realizado em 2012 junto a las 10 ESF vinculadas al NASF, distrito 1 de Parnaíba/ PI - Brasil, en el cual se entrevistaron 76 profesionales con um cuestionario constituido de la caracterización del profesional, investigación de su conocimiento respecto las actividades Del NASF y evaluación de los servicios ofrecidos por el equipo Del NASF. Los datos fueron divididos en categorías, agrupados y analizados por el SPSS (versión 19.0). Resultados: En La evaluación de la actuación del NASF por los miembros de lãs ESF, el 42% (n=32) relataron el servicio como muy importante, el 59,0% (n=45) de los miembros estaban satisfechos, el 54,0% (n=41) clasificaron el servicio accesible para la población y El 90% (n=68) de los entrevistados reconocieron los profesionales que constituyen el equipo del NASF, destacando el fisioterapeuta y el educador físico. Conclusión: Se concluye que las ESF poseen información respecto la estructura del NASF considerando El servicio muy importante y encontrándose satisfechos con lãs actividades realizadas, clasificando el servicio como accesible para la población siendo la misma informada por el NASF sobre sus derechos de la salud pública...