Recurrent mass selection for upright plant architecture in common bean

Plant with a more upright architecture offers many advantages to farmers. Recurrent mass selection (RS) programs for carioca type common bean have been implemented for the purpose of obtaining new lines that will generate the high yields that are associated with upright plant archi tecture. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of recurrent mass selection (RS) for upright plant architecture in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the effect of RS on grain yield and to verify whether or not there is still variability in the population that favors continuing selection programs, using information obtained from progenies evaluated in cycle five (CV) and cycle eight (CVIII) of the RS program. Mass selection for more upright plants was performed visually in the "S0" generation before flowering. Progenies S and Swere evaluated in 2009 (CV) and 2011 (CVIII). Heritability (h²;) and RS progress were estimated using adjusted means. After eight selection cycles, the population subjected to RS still had enough genetic variability to achieve continued success through recurrent selection. The RS progress was 1.62 % per cycle for the growth habit scores and 6.81 % for grain yiel.

Recurrent mass selection for upright plant architecture in common bean

Plant with a more upright architecture offers many advantages to farmers. Recurrent mass selection (RS) programs for carioca type common bean have been implemented for the purpose of obtaining new lines that will generate the high yields that are associated with upright plant archi tecture. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of recurrent mass selection (RS) for upright plant architecture in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the effect of RS on grain yield and to verify whether or not there is still variability in the population that favors continuing selection programs, using information obtained from progenies evaluated in cycle five (CV) and cycle eight (CVIII) of the RS program. Mass selection for more upright plants was performed visually in the "S0" generation before flowering. Progenies S and Swere evaluated in 2009 (CV) and 2011 (CVIII). Heritability (h²;) and RS progress were estimated using adjusted means. After eight selection cycles, the population subjected to RS still had enough genetic variability to achieve continued success through recurrent selection. The RS progress was 1.62 % per cycle for the growth habit scores and 6.81 % for grain yiel.(AU)

Genetic control of the angular leaf spot reaction in common bean leaves and pods

Information about genetic control of plant reaction to pathogens is essential in plant breeding programs focusing resistance. This study aimed to obtain information about genetic control of the angular leaf spot reaction in leaves and pods from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) line ESAL 686. This line was crossed with cultivars Jalo EEP 558 (resistant), Cornell 49-242 (resistant) and Carioca MG (susceptible). Generations F1, F2 and backcrosses (BC11 and BC21) were obtained. In the dry season (2009), parents and respective populations were evaluated for angular leaf spot reaction under field conditions. Disease severity was evaluated on leaves and pods using diagrammatic scales. Severity scores were obtained and mean and variance genetic components were estimated for both. Segregation of F2 generation was analyzed for some crosses. Different genes control angular leaf spot reaction in leaves and pods. Mean and variance components showed predominance of additive effects. Heritability was high, however, was greater on pods than on leaves which indicated that leaf reaction is more influenced by the environment.

Genetic control of the angular leaf spot reaction in common bean leaves and pods

Information about genetic control of plant reaction to pathogens is essential in plant breeding programs focusing resistance. This study aimed to obtain information about genetic control of the angular leaf spot reaction in leaves and pods from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) line ESAL 686. This line was crossed with cultivars Jalo EEP 558 (resistant), Cornell 49-242 (resistant) and Carioca MG (susceptible). Generations F1, F2 and backcrosses (BC11 and BC21) were obtained. In the dry season (2009), parents and respective populations were evaluated for angular leaf spot reaction under field conditions. Disease severity was evaluated on leaves and pods using diagrammatic scales. Severity scores were obtained and mean and variance genetic components were estimated for both. Segregation of F2 generation was analyzed for some crosses. Different genes control angular leaf spot reaction in leaves and pods. Mean and variance components showed predominance of additive effects. Heritability was high, however, was greater on pods than on leaves which indicated that leaf reaction is more influenced by the environment.

Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Brazilian race 2 in common bean

Aiming to obtain information concerning the genetic control of the resistance of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, six crosses involving three resistant lines (Carioca MG, Esal 583 and Esal 566) and four susceptible to the fungus (Carioca, CNFC 10443, Uirapuru and Esal 522) were developed. The parental lines, the controls (Carioca MG and Carioca) and the F1, F2 and F3 generations were evaluated for reaction to Fusarium. For inoculation, root cuttings were immersed in a spore suspension. The evaluations were performed at 21 days after inoculation, by scale of notes ranging from 1.0, to 9.0 and genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. The heritability in the narrow sense ranged from 0.34 to 0.42 and in the broad sense of 0.76 to 0.97, showing that selection should be easy, since efficient inoculation and selection methods are used. The average degree of dominance was around 1.0 indicating the presence of dominance in the control of the character, although additive effects are also expressive.

Com o objetivo de obter informações a respeito do controle genético da resistência do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ao fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, foram realizados seis cruzamentos envolvendo três linhagens resistentes (Carioca MG, ESAL 583 e ESAL 566) e quatro suscetíveis ao fungo (Carioca, CNFC 10443, Uirapuru e ESAL 522). As plantas dos genitores, das testemunhas (Carioca MG e Carioca) e das gerações F1, F2 e F3 foram avaliadas quanto à reação à murcha-de-fusarium utilizando a metodologia de inoculação de imersão de raízes na suspensão de esporos, com o corte do sistema radicular. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 21 dias após a inoculação, por meio de escala de notas variando de 1,0 (plantas sem sintomas) a 9,0 (plantas mortas). Com os dados obtidos, foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. A herdabilidade no sentido restrito variou de 0,34 a 0,42 e no sentido amplo de 0,76 a 0,97, podendo considerar o caráter como de fácil seleção, desde que se adotem critérios eficientes de inoculação e avaliação das plantas. O grau médio de dominância foi próximo de 1,0 evidenciando a presença de dominância no controle do caráter, embora a presença de efeitos aditivos também seja expressiva.

Inheritance of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Brazilian race 2 in common bean

Aiming to obtain information concerning the genetic control of the resistance of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, six crosses involving three resistant lines (Carioca MG, Esal 583 and Esal 566) and four susceptible to the fungus (Carioca, CNFC 10443, Uirapuru and Esal 522) were developed. The parental lines, the controls (Carioca MG and Carioca) and the F1, F2 and F3 generations were evaluated for reaction to Fusarium. For inoculation, root cuttings were immersed in a spore suspension. The evaluations were performed at 21 days after inoculation, by scale of notes ranging from 1.0, to 9.0 and genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. The heritability in the narrow sense ranged from 0.34 to 0.42 and in the broad sense of 0.76 to 0.97, showing that selection should be easy, since efficient inoculation and selection methods are used. The average degree of dominance was around 1.0 indicating the presence of dominance in the control of the character, although additive effects are also expressive.

Com o objetivo de obter informações a respeito do controle genético da resistência do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ao fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, foram realizados seis cruzamentos envolvendo três linhagens resistentes (Carioca MG, ESAL 583 e ESAL 566) e quatro suscetíveis ao fungo (Carioca, CNFC 10443, Uirapuru e ESAL 522). As plantas dos genitores, das testemunhas (Carioca MG e Carioca) e das gerações F1, F2 e F3 foram avaliadas quanto à reação à murcha-de-fusarium utilizando a metodologia de inoculação de imersão de raízes na suspensão de esporos, com o corte do sistema radicular. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 21 dias após a inoculação, por meio de escala de notas variando de 1,0 (plantas sem sintomas) a 9,0 (plantas mortas). Com os dados obtidos, foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. A herdabilidade no sentido restrito variou de 0,34 a 0,42 e no sentido amplo de 0,76 a 0,97, podendo considerar o caráter como de fácil seleção, desde que se adotem critérios eficientes de inoculação e avaliação das plantas. O grau médio de dominância foi próximo de 1,0 evidenciando a presença de dominância no controle do caráter, embora a presença de efeitos aditivos também seja expressiva.

Resposta diferencial de linhagens de feijoeiro ao nitrogênio

It was evaluated 100 breeding lines of common bean in the presence and absence of N in cover in four conditions aiming at identifing the lines of beans which would be tolerant to nitrogen (N) stress and/or also responsive to this nutrient. In each condition there were two distinct experiments with and without N, in a 10 x 10 triple lattice design, being the plot constituted by a line with three meters of length. It was estimated the index of efficiency of nitrogen utilization, through the average grains yield. The obtained yield with N was 12% above the one without N, in the average of the four conditions. By decomposing the effect of levels for each line, in 77% of them there was no answer to the nitrogen fertilization in cover. This, only 22 lines positively responded to nitrogen fertilization and among them the efficiency of N utilization ranged from 11.3 to 18.3kg of grains per kg of applied N.

Visando à identificação de linhagens de feijão que sejam tolerantes ao estresse de nitrogênio (N) e que também apresentem resposta positiva a esse nutriente, foram avaliadas 100 linhagens em presença e ausência de N em cobertura, em quatro ambientes. Em cada ambiente, foram dois experimentos distintos com e sem N, no delineamento látice triplo 10x10, sendo a parcela constituída de uma linha de três metros de comprimento. Utilizando a produtividade média de grãos, foi estimado o índice de eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio. Na média dos quatro ambientes, a produtividade de grãos obtida com N foi 12% acima da obtida sem N. Decompondo o efeito de níveis para cada linhagem, em 77% delas não houve resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. Assim, apenas 22 linhagens responderam positivamente à adubação nitrogenada e, entre elas, a eficiência na utilização de N variou de 11,3 a 18,3kg de grãos por kg de N aplicado.

Resposta diferencial de linhagens de feijoeiro ao nitrogênio

It was evaluated 100 breeding lines of common bean in the presence and absence of N in cover in four conditions aiming at identifing the lines of beans which would be tolerant to nitrogen (N) stress and/or also responsive to this nutrient. In each condition there were two distinct experiments with and without N, in a 10 x 10 triple lattice design, being the plot constituted by a line with three meters of length. It was estimated the index of efficiency of nitrogen utilization, through the average grains yield. The obtained yield with N was 12% above the one without N, in the average of the four conditions. By decomposing the effect of levels for each line, in 77% of them there was no answer to the nitrogen fertilization in cover. This, only 22 lines positively responded to nitrogen fertilization and among them the efficiency of N utilization ranged from 11.3 to 18.3kg of grains per kg of applied N.

Visando à identificação de linhagens de feijão que sejam tolerantes ao estresse de nitrogênio (N) e que também apresentem resposta positiva a esse nutriente, foram avaliadas 100 linhagens em presença e ausência de N em cobertura, em quatro ambientes. Em cada ambiente, foram dois experimentos distintos com e sem N, no delineamento látice triplo 10x10, sendo a parcela constituída de uma linha de três metros de comprimento. Utilizando a produtividade média de grãos, foi estimado o índice de eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio. Na média dos quatro ambientes, a produtividade de grãos obtida com N foi 12% acima da obtida sem N. Decompondo o efeito de níveis para cada linhagem, em 77% delas não houve resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. Assim, apenas 22 linhagens responderam positivamente à adubação nitrogenada e, entre elas, a eficiência na utilização de N variou de 11,3 a 18,3kg de grãos por kg de N aplicado.