Sleep quality and regular physical activity in reducing cardiac risk.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with sedentary behavior, spending many hours in front of the television and electronic devices, develop early involvement of cardiovascular disease and obesity. These sedentary behaviors increased significantly in this age group during the pandemic of 2020/2021. Sleep directly influences aspects of health, such as blood pressure and cardiac autonomic balance and exercise has a protective effect on these same physiological parameters. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine whether or not physically active adolescents positively influence HRV and cardiovascular parameters despite poor sleep quality. METHODS: This is an analytic and transversal study. Sleep quality, physical activity levels, blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. Two-way ANOVA and Tuckey post hoc test evaluated the difference between groups. RESULTS: Among 352 adolescents entrolled, mean age was 15.8 ± 0.24 years. It was observed that compared to the physically active group with poor sleep quality, the sedentary poor sleep quality group presented a more significant deficit in blood pressure and autonomic parameters such as pNN50, SD1, and HF. CONCLUSION: Adolescents who practiced physical activity regularly have shown better HRV and sleep quality compared with sedentary adolescents.

Phenotypes of mutations related to voltage-dependent sodium channels on children and adolescents.

Cardiac channelopathies are a heterogeneous group of inherited cardiac diseases that are associated with mutations in the genes that encode the expression of cardiac ion channels. In view of this, it can be mentioned that the main hereditary arrhythmias in children and adolescents, caused by dysfunction of the ion channels, are Brugada Syndrome (BrS) and Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). However, few studies address the physiological effects of these conditions on children and adolescents. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the mutation phenotype related to voltage-gated sodium channels in children and adolescents. A search was performed in the literature of PubMed, Scielo, and Google scholar. The search was limited to articles written in the last 5 years, so articles published between 2014 and 2019 were included. Among 2196 studies identified through a systematic literature review, 30 studies related to the theme were identified for a complete review and after applying exclusion criteria, 4 articles were included in the results of this study. As the most frequently observed channelopathy, BrS was also more identified in children and adolescents, characterized by episodes of syncope or sudden cardiac death. LQTS shows clinical manifestations with a mild phenotype and good prognosis, although it is necessary to monitor and correct serum electrolyte disturbances to prevent ventricular arrhythmias and, consequently, sudden death in patients with the pathology. The aim of this study is to find the general phenotypes related to genetic mutations of voltage-gated sodium channels, in a population aged from 7- to 14-year-old.