Genomic insights into organic acid production and plant growth promotion by different species of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

Bacteria can solubilize phosphorus (P) through the secretion of low-molecular-weight organic acids and acidification. However, the genes involved in the production of these organic acids are poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to verify the calcium phosphate solubilization and the production of low-molecular-weight organic acids by diverse genera of phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains (PSBS); to identify the genes related to the synthesis of the organic acids in the genomes of these strains and; to evaluate growth and nutrient accumulation of maize plants inoculated with PSBS and fertilized with Bayóvar rock phosphate. Genomic DNA was extracted for strain identification and annotation of genes related to the organic acids production. A greenhouse experiment was performed with five strains plus 150 mg dm- 3 P2O5 as Bayóvar rock phosphate (BRP) to assess phosphate solubilization contribution to maize growth and nutrition. Paraburkholderia fungorum UFLA 04-21 and Pseudomonas anuradhapurensis UFPI B5-8A solubilized over 60% of Ca phosphate and produced high amounts of citric/maleic and gluconic acids in vitro, respectively. Eleven organic acids were identified in total, although not all strains produced all acids. Besides, enzymes related to the organic acids production were found in all bacterial genomes. Plants inoculated with strains UFPI B5-6 (Enterobacter bugandensis), UFPI B5-8A, and UFLA 03-10 (Paenibacillus peoriae) accumulated more biomass than the plants fertilized with BRP only. Strains UFLA 03-10 and UFPI B5-8A increased the accumulation of most macronutrients, including P. Collectively, the results show that PSBS can increase maize growth and nutrient accumulation based on Bayóvar rock phosphate fertilization.

Influência de fatores clínicos na lesão renal aguda / Influence of clinical factors on acute kidney injury / Influencia de factores clínicos en la lesión renal aguda

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre variações do clearance de creatinina (ClCr) e os fatores clínicos de pacientes internados em clínica médica. Material e Método: Estudo longitudinal, do tipo coorte prospectivo, quantitativo, realizado em um hospital público do Distrito Federal. 85 pacientes evoluíram com Lesão Renal Aguda (LRA), de acordo com a classificação Kidney Disease: Improving Glogal Guidelines (KDIGO). O acompanhamento foi até 1 mês pós-alta hospitalar. A gravidade dos pacientes foi medida através do Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson. Considerou-se significativo resultados com p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: 51,8% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. Entre as comorbidades se destacaram hipertensão arterial (70,6%), diabetes mellitus (57,6%) e as cardiopatias (52,9%). O tempo de permanência hospitalar (p= 0,001) e a idade (p= 0,05) estiveram associadas a pior função renal. Pacientes com ClCr ≤ 30 ml/min estiveram associados a uma maior taxa de mortalidade (p= 0,007). Conclusão: Idade avançada e maior tempo de internação hospitalar se associaram a piora da função renal (ClCr < 60 ml/min). Àqueles com severa piora da função renal (ClCr < 30 ml/min) apresentaram maior taxa mortalidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the relationship between variations in creatinine clearance (ClCr) and clinical factors in hospitalized patients in internal medicine. Material and Method: A prospective, quantitative, cohort study conducted at the medical clinic of a public hospital in Distrito Federal. 85 patients progressed with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), according to the Kidney Disease Improving Glogal Guidelines (KDIGO) classification. Patients were followed-up to 1 month after hospital discharge. Patient severity was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results with p ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 51.8% of the patients were male. Most common comorbidities were hypertension (70.6%), diabetes mellitus (57.6%) and heart disease (52.9%). The length of hospital stay (p = 0.001) and age (p = 0.05) were associated with worse renal function. Patients with CrCl ≤ 30 ml/min were associated with a higher mortality rate (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Older patients and longer hospital stay were associated with worsening renal function (CrCl < 60 ml/min). Those with severe worsening of renal function (CrCl < 30 ml/min) presented higher mortality rate.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la relación entre variaciones del clearance de creatinina (CLCr) y los factores clínicos de pacientes internados en medicina interna. Material y Método: Estudio longitudinal, del tipo cohorte prospectivo, cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital público del Distrito Federal. 85 pacientes evolucionaron con Lesión Renal Aguda (LRA), de acuerdo con la clasificación de las normas KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Guidelines). El seguimiento fue hasta 1 mes post-alta hospitalaria. La gravedad de los pacientes fue medida a través del Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson. Se consideraron significativos resultados con p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: 51,8% de los pacientes eran del sexo masculino. Entre las comorbilidades se destacaron hipertensión arterial (70,6%), diabetes mellitus (57,6%) y las cardiopatías (52,9%). El tiempo de permanencia hospitalaria (p = 0,001) y la edad (p = 0,05) estuvieron asociadas a la peor función renal. Los pacientes con ClCr ≤ 30 ml/min estuvieron asociados a una mayor tasa de mortalidad (p = 0,007). Conclusión: Edad avanzada y el mayor tiempo de internación hospitalaria se asociaron al empeoramiento de la función renal (ClCr < 60 ml/ min). Aquellos con severo empeoramiento de la función renal (CLCr < 30 ml/min) presentaron mayor tasa de mortalidad.