Traumatic Experiences in Childhood and Maternal Depressive Symptomatology: Their Impact on Parenting in Preschool.

The goal of this study is to describe and analyze the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms and its relation to the parental interactions of mothers (19-47 years) with their 3-4 year old preschool children. Parental interactions, traumatic experiences in mothers' childhood, and current depressive symptoms were measured using the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I), respectively. A nonclinical sample of 81 Chilean mothers with their children was used. Results show that the presence of trauma in mothers' childhood has an impact on parenting; specifically, mothers with an emotional neglect experience showed greater difficulties in adequately promoting autonomy in their children.

Enhanced electrochemical detection of quercetin by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents.

New trends in analytical chemistry encourage the development of smart techniques and methods aligned with Green Chemistry. In this sense, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents represents an excellent opportunity as a new generation of green solvents. In this work a new application for them has been proposed and demonstrated. These solvents were synthesized by combinations of inexpensive and natural components like, Glucose, Fructose, Citric acid and Lactic acid. The different natural solvents were easily prepared and added to buffer solution in different concentrations, allowing the enhancement of electrochemical detection of an important representative antioxidant like quercetin (QR) with improved signal up to 380%. QR is a ubiquitous flavonoid widespread in plants and food of plant origin. The proposed method using phosphate buffer with a eutectic mixture of Citric acid, Glucose and water in combination with carbon screen printed electrodes exhibited a good analytical performance. Detection and quantification limits were of 7.97 and 26.3 nM respectively; and repeatability with %RSDs of 1.41 and 7.49 for peak potential and intensity respectively. In addition, it has proved to be faster, greener and cheaper than other sensors and chromatographic methods available with the additional advantage of being completely portable. Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrated that the proposed method is able for the determination of QR in complex food samples.

A grey box model of glucose fermentation and syntrophic oxidation in microbial fuel cells.

In this work, the fermentative and oxidative processes taking place in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) fed with glucose were studied and modeled. The model accounting for the bioelectrochemical processes was based on ordinary, Monod-type differential equations. The model parameters were estimated using experimental results obtained from three H-type MFCs operated at open or closed circuits and fed with glucose or ethanol. The experimental results demonstrate that similar fermentation processes were carried out under open and closed circuit operation, with the most important fermentation products being ethanol (with a yield of 1.81molmol(-1) glucose) and lactic acid (with a yield of 1.36molmol(-1) glucose). A peak in the electricity generation was obtained when glucose and fermentation products coexisted in the liquid bulk. However, almost 90% of the electricity produced came from the oxidation of ethanol.

High-throughput determination of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction- capillary zone electrophoresis.

This article reports a simple methodology using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with CZE. It has been applied for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds such as caffeic, gallic, vanillic, syringic, cinnamic, p-coumaric acids and oleuropein, apigenin, luteolin, 3-hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, in virgin olive oil (VOO). The optimized extraction conditions for 20 g of VOO were: extractant solvent: 400 µL boric acid 30 mM at pH 9.5; dispersive solvent: 300 µL carbon tetrachloride; vortex: 8 min; centrifugation: 3 min. The composition of the BGE was optimized resulting in the selection of a solution made of 30 mM boric acid at pH 9.5. As a strategy for on-line preconcentration a stacking step was applied, injecting a plug of water before sample injection. The short extraction time, centrifugation and electrophoretic steps allow the selective determination of phenolic compounds in VOO with satisfactory LODs (0.004-0.251 mg/kg), recoveries (89.4-101.0%), and RSD (less than 7.44% in peak area and less than 0.69% in migration time), compatible with the concentration levels present in the samples.