Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the state of Piauí, Brazil: A time trend analysis (2012-2021)

The present study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Primary Health Care users in Piauí between 2012 and 2021. We conducted an ecological study with data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. Overweight and obesity were classified as recommended by the World Health Organization. A linear regression was performed to estimate the trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. There was an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Piauí in the period studied in all age groups and in both sexes. However, the growth trend was stationary for overweight in males in the age groups of children and adolescents, and for obesity in both sexes amongst 0-9-year-olds. The study showed an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between 2012 and 2021 in all age groups and in both sexes. However, the growth trend was stationary in some.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las tendencias en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en usuarios de la Atención Primaria de Salud de Piauí entre 2012 y 2021. Estudio ecológico realizado con datos del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron clasificados según lo recomendado por la Organización Mun-dial de la Salud. Se realizó una regresión lineal para estimar la tendencia en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Hubo un aumento en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en Piauí en el período estudiado en todos los grupos de edad y en ambos sexos. Sin embargo, la tendencia de crecimiento fue estacionaria para el sobrepeso en varones en los grupos de edad de niños y adolescentes, y para la obesidad en ambos sexos entre los 0-9 años. El estudio mostró un aumento en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre 2012 y 2021 en todos los grupos de edad y en ambos sexos. Sin embargo, la tendencia de crecimiento fue estacionaria en algunos.

Water quality of the Ribeirão Preto Stream, a watercourse under anthropogenic influence in the southeast of Brazil.

It is known that Brazil still has a privileged position of water quantity and quality, but water use has not proceeded in a responsible manner and often results in impairment of quality. This study aims to evaluate limnological parameters, parasites and bacteria, and concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Zn) in surface water of Ribeirão Preto Stream. The Ribeirão Preto Stream is located in urban areas under anthropogenic influence. The results showed that the levels of dissolved oxygen values were lower than those established by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA Resolution No 357/2005). The reading of electrical conductivity showed values typical of impacted environments. The parasitological analysis revealed the presence of nematode larvae. The bacteriological analysis showed higher values for total coliform and Escherichia coli than those set by the Brazilian National Environment Council (CONAMA). The heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Zn showed concentrations in accordance with the guidelines established by CONAMA. The results provide data on the quality of these waters and showed the necessity to protect the watercourse from point sources of contamination, recommending their continued monitoring.