Body image experience of women with breast cancer: A meta-synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Body image is a multidimensional concept that involves the mental image of the human body and the feeling of being oneself throughout existence. Treatment for breast cancer causes several bodily changes that affect women's body image. AIMS: This meta-synthesis aims to synthesise and interpret primary qualitative studies on the experience of body image in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer. METHODS: A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted employing systematic searches in six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and LILACS). Data analysis was performed according to thematic synthesis. RESULTS: Forty studies were included. Five descriptive themes were identified: (1) actively saying goodbye to body image; (2) the rupture of body image; (3) the sacrifice of body image in exchange for life; (4) body image as a vehicle for social expression; and (5) resignation of the alterated body image. These themes were understood through one analytical theme: Half-woman: body image of the woman with breast cancer. CONCLUSION: The experience of body image in the context of breast cancer is a dynamic phenomenon, which involves dismissal, rupture, and resignation and occurs mediated by interpersonal contact.

"You begin to give more value in life, in minutes, in seconds": spiritual and existential experiences of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer receiving end-of-life care in Brazil.

PURPOSE: Facing the end of life may trigger significant distress in family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. However, few studies have addressed the spiritual and existential concerns of these family caregivers in their end-of-life care journey. This study aimed to understand the spiritual and existential experience of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer facing the end of life in Brazil. METHODS: A purposive sample of 16 family caregivers of hospitalized terminally ill cancer patients in Brazil participated in in-depth interviews. Data collection and analysis were based on interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Three superordinate themes in their spiritual and existential experience were identified: (i) connectedness through caregiving, personal relationships, and spiritual beliefs; (ii) shifting hope: from death as a possibility to preparation for impending death; (iii) reframing suffering and meaning. For these caregivers, the relationship with the patient and with others, their spiritual beliefs, and hope were significant sources of meaning. Hope was sustained by death avoidance, oscillating with death acceptance and hope that it would occur with comfort. Family caregivers also experienced existential and spiritual suffering in the form of guilt, suppressed emotions, and loneliness. CONCLUSION: Health care providers should address and support caregivers' spiritual needs and their relationships with the patient and others during end-of-life care and facilitate reflection regarding existential concerns, meaning, and preparation for impending death.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Improves Functional Outcomes of Systemic Sclerosis Patients.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate if autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) influences the functional status of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. METHODS: From 2014 to 2018, a cohort of 27 SSc patients was assessed before, and at 6 and 12 months after AHSCT for modified Rodnan's skin score (mRSS), mouth opening, hand grip strength, range of motion (ROM), functional ability of upper limbs (DASH questionnaire and Cochin hand function scale-CHFS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire). Linear regression models with random effects and Spearman's test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: At 6 and 12 months after AHSCT, respectively, we observed significant improvement of mRSS (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01), mouth opening (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01), hand function (DASH, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01; CHFS, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01; strength, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01), physical capacity (6MWT, p = 0.02 and p = 0.03) and physical (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01) and mental (ns and p = 0.02) component scores of SF-36. At 12 months after AHSCT, ROM measurements improved (p < 0.05) in five out of six evaluated joints in both hands, compared to baseline. Correlation was significant between physical capacity and quality of life (R = 0.62; p < 0.01), between DASH and quality of life (R = -0.48; p = 0.03), and between skin involvement and wrist ROM measures (dominant hand, R = -0.65, p < 0.01; non-dominant hand, R = -0.59; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AHSCT enhances the functional status of SSc patients in the first year of follow-up, significantly improving hand function, physical capacity and quality of life. These results are interpreted as positive outcomes of AHSCT for SSc.

[Anticipated grieving in patients requiring Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation]. / Luto antecipatório em pacientes com indicação para o Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas.

The scope of this study was to understand how the process of anticipated grieving is imbued in patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). A cross-sectional clinical-qualitative study was conducted on a sample of 17 patients, mostly women, married, aged between 20 and 42 years and diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews applied individually and subjected to thematic content analysis. The results indicate that the loss of health imposes a new challenge in a life history already permeated by great hardships and premature losses. It was found that the expected reactions faced with normal grieving were expressed by the participants and that the most prevalent coping strategy was holding steadfast to their faith. Future plans involved being healed, returning to normality and vocational rehabilitation. The results may help the multidisciplinary teams to understand the emotional implications of the illness/treatment for implementing both preventive and intervention strategies. The critical aspect is that staff must be attentive as to how to communicate the diagnosis and the possibility of outlining a therapeutic plan, in order to augment the fighting spirit of the patient and strengthen the bond of trust with health professionals.

[The significance of death for doctors faced with end-of-life care of patients undergoing bone marrow transplants]. / Significado da morte para médicos frente à situação de terminalidade de pacientes submetidos ao Transplante de Medula Óssea.

This study sought to investigate the significance of death for doctors who work with terminally ill patients in the Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) context. The research was based on a qualitative, methodological and collective case study approach, and used Dejours' psychodynamics of work as a theoretical framework. Five practitioners linked to a Bone Marrow Transplant Unit in a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, participated in the research. A semi-structured script was applied which addressed the personal, academic and professional experiences elicited by a terminal situation. Data were organized into two categories: "Work and professional identity: the doctor's battle against death" and "Vocation and medical training: it all begins at home." The results show that, in the medical and hospital context, death is almost always reduced to technical rationality and this must be avoided at all costs. The significances attributed to death are rooted in the values of contemporary society and subjectively perceived through the physician's life trajectory and academic training, which influence how these professionals experience the dying process of the patients.

Bone marrow donation from the perspective of sibling donors.

This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic profile of sibling bone marrow donors and to describe how they perceive the donation. This was a descriptive, exploratory and longitudinal study. Participants were 20 related bone marrow donors, between 18 and 42 years of age (mean=30.5 years, sd=7.47). Interviews were held before and immediately after the donation. Sociodemographic data were subject to descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative data to categorical content analysis. In the interviews held before the donation, stressor events were the sibling's disease and treatment and the responsibility of being the donors. During the interviews after the donation, the following were mentioned: anxiety on the day before and on the day of the donation, pain the following day, and acknowledgement of the health team's support as a facilitator of the donation process. In view of the findings, it is important for the team to outline intervention strategies to meet to the donors' specific needs.