Enhancing Methylene Blue Dye Removal using pyrolyzed Mytella falcata Shells: Characterization, Kinetics, Isotherm, and Regeneration through Photolysis and Peroxidation.

The potential of pyrolyzed Mytella falcata shells as an adsorbent for removing methylene blue dye molecules from aqueous solutions was investigated. The study found that the adsorbent produced at 600 °C of pyrolysis temperature, with an adsorbent mass of 0.5 g, particle diameter of 0.297-0.149 mm, and pH 12.0, demonstrated the highest dye molecule removal efficiency of 82.41%. The material's porosity was observed through scanning electron microscopy, which is favorable for adsorption, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction analysis analyses confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate in the crystalline phases. The pseudo-second order model was found to be the best fit for the data, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism involves two steps: external diffusion and diffusion via the solid pores. The Redlich-Peterson isotherm model better represented the equilibrium data, and the methylene blue adsorption was found to be spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic. The hydrogen peroxide with UV oxidation was found to be the most efficient method of regeneration, with a regeneration percentage of 63% achieved using 600 mmol.L-1 of oxidizing agents. The results suggest that pyrolyzed Mytella falcata shells could serve as an ecologically viable adsorbent alternative, reducing the amount of waste produced in the local environment and at the same time removing pollutants from the water. The material's adsorption capacity remained almost constant in the first adsorption-oxidation cycles, indicating its potential for repeated use.

Magnetic Zinc Oxide/Manganese Ferrite Composite for Photodegradation of the Antibiotic Rifampicin.

In this study, a composite of zinc oxide and manganese ferrite was synthesized using co-precipitation and hydrothermal routes, to be used as photocatalysts in reactions with UV/Vis light source. The synthesized materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM, where it was possible to verify the efficiency of the syntheses performed, through the identification of the resulting phases, the evaluation of the structural morphology of the particles, and the analysis of the detachments of the main vibration bonds present in these materials. The composite ZnO/MnFe2O4 was used in photodegradation reactions of the antibiotic rifampicin, with catalyst dosage of 0.20; 0.40, and 0.60 g and 10 ppm of rifampicin, reactions using pure ZnO as a catalyst were also performed as a comparative parameter of the influence of MnFe2O4 in this system. The composite ZnO/MnFe2O4 showed a maximum percentage of rifampicin decontamination of 94.72% and ZnO, 74.20%using 0.20 g of photocatalyst after 90 min, which indicates a positive influence on this process. The solution treated with ZnO/MnFe2O4 was subjected to magnetic field induction for attraction and consequently accelerated removal of the solids present, successfully, compacting for the application of ZnO/MnFe2O4 to be presented as a promising material for decontamination of emerging pollutants through photocatalytic reactions.

Developing nursing clinical data models addressing delusion and hallucination with Meleis transitions theory as the theoretical reference model: A focus group study.

PURPOSE: To build the final clinical data models regarding the nursing focuses "Delusion" and "Hallucination" with Meleis transitions theory as the theoretical reference model. DESIGN AND METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design was adopted, using two focus groups. FINDINGS: The clinical data models obtained by this study recognize a perspective centered on the client's transition, which emphasizes the role of nursing in relation to a client suffering from delusion and hallucination. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: These clinical data models may contribute towards improving nursing clinical decision-making and nursing care quality regarding these areas.

Serum IgA Antibodies Specific to M. leprae Antigens as Biomarkers for Leprosy Detection and Household Contact Tracking.

Leprosy remains endemic in several developing countries, such as India and Brazil, in part due to delayed diagnosis that facilitates ongoing transmission. Although immunoglobulins against several Mycobacterium leprae antigens have been indicated for the early diagnosis, and IgA participates in the early stages of leprosy and in subclinical infection, relatively little research has examined anti-M. leprae IgA responses. Here, we investigated serum IgA reactivity against NDO-HSA, LID-1 and NDO-LID, in paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) patients and their household contacts, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic accuracy of each ELISA was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Our data reveal elevated IgA serum levels against the three M. leprae specific antigens in MB patients, whereas IgA reactivity in PB patients was increased only to NDO-HSA. Further, MB and PB household contacts displayed higher IgA reactivity to NDO-HSA than non-endemic controls. Our data suggest measurement of serum IgA against NDO-HSA as an additional tool in the diagnosis and classification of the disease, with potential utility for household contact follow-up.

Effluent treatment using activated carbon adsorbents: a bibliometric analysis of recent literature.

Agricultural practices and industrial and human discharges play an important role in the generation of highly contaminated effluents, which becomes a threat to the environment. The persistence of many of these compounds to conventional treatments in recent years has meant that numerous efforts have been devoted to the proposal of new selective materials that allow the removal of these contaminants by adsorption. In addition, bibliometric studies have grown as powerful tools to indicate trends in innovation. In this way, the present study consisted of evaluating the potential interest to use activated carbon as adsorbent through a prospection study in scientific and technological databases. The number of records obtained for the use of activated carbon in effluent remediation processes is equivalent to 4898, which corresponds to approximately 2.5% of the total documents (articles/patents) found for the use of carbon with no defined purpose. A total of 2275 works that used the adsorptive property of activated carbon were recovered. According to the data recovered, Brazil is the leader in scientific publications among Latin American countries and the 12th worldwide, according to the SciELO and Scopus databases, respectively. In general, a significant number of patents have been recovered for this theme, in the Derwent database, 1167 documents were recovered. The results obtained in this work evidenced the growing interest in developing technologies in this area.

The electro-oxidation of tetracycline hydrochloride in commercial DSA® modified by electrodeposited platinum.

Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) electro-oxidation by commercial DSA® and commercial DSA® modified by platinum electrodeposition was evaluated. The electrodeposition was carried out at constant potential (E = - 0.73 V vs RHE) in different times (1200, 2400, and 4800 s). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that Pt electrodeposits have elongated shape particle forming a uniform surface, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data confirms the presence of Pt on the surface. The electrochemical characterization by cyclic voltammetry showed an increase of the electrochemically active area (EAA) in function of the Pt electrodeposition time. The electro-oxidation of the TCH 0.45 mmol L-1 in H2SO4 0.1 mol L-1 solution was evaluated according to the applied current densities (j = 25, 50, 100 mA cm-2). Both the amount of platinum deposited and j showed a slight improvement in the efficiency of TCH removal, reaching 97.2% of TCH removal to DSA®/Pt4800 and 100 mA cm-2. The TCH mineralization (TOC removal), the percentage of mineralization current efficiency (MCE%), and energy consumption were 15.8%, 0.2649%, and 7.4138 kWh (g TOC)-1, respectively. The DSA®/Pt electrodes showed higher stability to TCH electro-oxidation, indicating to be a promising material for the electro-oxidation of organic pollutants.

Saúde sexual e reprodutiva na etnia Xukuru do Ororubá: diga às mulheres que avancem / Sexual and reproductive health in the Xukuru of Ororubá ethinic group: tell the women to go forward

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as práticas em saúde sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres da etnia Xukuru do Ororubá. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, que se utiliza da Teoria Transcultural do Cuidado. Foram entrevistadas 18 mulheres indígenas, na Aldeia de Cimbres, terra Xukuru, localizada na Serra do Ororubá, município de Pesqueira (PE). Foram codificadas quatro categorias analíticas, que contemplaram as categorias nativas/êmicas identificadas nos dados coletados: 1) Mulheres da etnia Xukuru do Ororubá e o lugar que ocupam; 2) Políticas de saúde e seu impacto na vida das mulheres indígenas; 3) Práticas em saúde sexual e reprodutiva; 4) Enfermagem: promoção à saúde e empoderamento. Frequentemente, ressalta-se a importância do feminino dentro dos povos indígenas, contudo, a relação entre homens e mulheres desagua em uma relação de poder desfavorável para as mulheres. O povo Xukuru do Ororubá encontra-se em uma situação sanitária e de saúde semelhante à população geral do Agreste e do Sertão pernambucano. As mulheres Xukuru do Ororubá fazem uso simultâneo e regular da biomedicina e da medicina indígena, contudo, sem uma real articulação. Urge o redirecionamento das práticas em saúde da mulher através da dinâmica da sensibilidade cultural.

ABSTRACT The aim of the current study is to get to know the sexual and reproduction health practices of women belonging to the Xukuru of Ororubá ethnic group. It followed a descriptive exploratory design, of qualitative approach, based on the Transcultural Care Theory. Eighteen indigenous women, from the Cimbres village, located in Xukuru of Ororubá territory, Pesqueira County (PE), were interviewed. Four analytical categories were coded, which included the native/emic categories identified in the data collected: 1) Women belonging to the Xukuru of Ororubá ethnic group and the place they occupy; 2) Health policies and their impact on indigenous women's lives; 3) Practices in sexual and reproductive health; 4) Nursing: health promotion and empowerment. The importance of the female character inside indigenous populations is often highlighted, however, the different behavioral patterns and roles attributed to men and women still lies on power relations unfavorable to women. The Xukuru of Ororubá face sanitary and health conditions similar to that faced by the general population living in the Agreste and Hinterland regions of Pernambuco State. Xukuru of Ororubá women make regular and simultaneous use of biomedicine and indigenous medicine, however, without real articulation. There is an urgent need to redirect women-health practices in order to perform nursing practices based on a transcultural approach.

Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem e Educação Inclusiva: uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Internacional1 / Universal Design for Learning and Inclusive Education: a Systematic Review in the International Literature

RESUMO: Este estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática da literatura norteada pela seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como as pesquisas empíricas baseadas nos princípios do Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem - DUA têm influenciado a inclusão do Professor de Apoio Educacional Especializado - PAEE na literatura internacional? O objetivo geral estipulado foi mapear e analisar as pesquisas empíricas internacionais envolvendo a interface DUA e a inclusão. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada no portal de periódico da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES e os descritores utilizados foram "universal design for learning" and "inclusion". Como critério de seleção, ficaram estabelecidos que só seriam analisados artigos publicados em língua inglesa em periódicos revisados por pares; além disso, para análise, era necessário que o artigo relatasse uma pesquisa empírica. Desse modo, foram encontrados inicialmente 44 artigos, e, após a aplicação dos critérios, sete foram analisados. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos trabalhos publicados tece concepções teóricas sobre o tema, mas sem a realização de uma pesquisa aplicada. As poucas pesquisas empíricas encontradas concentram-se em torno de questionários e de entrevistas e, também, na formação de professores. Conclui-se que emerge a necessidade de pesquisas que apliquem diretamente os princípios propostos pela DUA, para que assim seja possível analisar os efeitos da aplicação do DUA na inclusão de todos os alunos no contexto escolar.

ABSTRACT: This study carried out a systematic review of the literature guided by the following research question: How have the empirical research based on the principles of Universal Design for Learning - UDL influenced the inclusion of the Specialized Educational Service Teacher - SEST in the international literature? The general objective was to map and analyze the international empirical research involving the UDL interface and inclusion. To do so, the research was carried out in the journal database of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - CAPES and the descriptors used were "universal design for learning" and "inclusion". As a selection criterion, it was established that only papers published in English language would be analyzed in peer-reviewed journals; in addition, for analysis, it was necessary that the paper reported an empirical research. Thus, 44 papers were initially found, and after the application of the criteria, seven were analyzed. The results show that most of the published works have theoretical conceptions about the subject, but without the realization of an applied research. The few empirical studies found are centered around questionnaires and interviews, as well as teacher training. It is concluded that the need for research that directly apply the principles proposed by the UDL emerges, so that it is possible to analyze the effects of the application of the UDL in the inclusion of all students in the school.

Evaluation of caffeine adsorption by MgAl-LDH/biochar composite.

In the present work, the composite MgAl-LDH/biochar using activated carbon from bovine bone as support for the layered double hydroxide particles was successfully synthesised and used as an alternative adsorbent for caffeine removal from water. Kinetic studies showed that the equilibrium was achieved in only 20 min of contact between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. The pseudo-first-order model represented the experimental data more satisfactorily (R2 = 0.95), suggesting a physical adsorption process. The isotherms were performed at three temperatures, in which it was observed the decrease in the adsorption in higher temperatures. It was obtained a maximum adsorption capacity of 26.219 mg/g at 40 °C, and the experimental data were better adjusted by Redlich-Peterson, R2 > 0.9942. In short, the study demonstrated that the composite was satisfactorily synthesised and its use in the caffeine removal was quite attractive, being a potential adsorbent for water treatment applications.

Perception of undergraduate students in speech-language pathology about speech therapy in the field of deafness / Percepção de alunos de graduação em fonoaudiologia sobre o atendimento fonoaudiológico na área da surdez

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the perception of undergraduate students in speech-language pathology about speech therapies in the area of deafness. Methods: qualitative research, with data collection accomplished with a questionnaire and a focus group. The sample was accomplished by 14 students enrolled at a speech pathology course. Results: the results were discussed by means of categories: knowledge, expectations, needs, bond and therapeutic practices. The students presented feelings of anguish in dealing with family expectations, especially regarding to the speech work and the fear for intervening caused by inexperience and necessities of the family. It was also evidenced that the students hoped that family members believed in the potential of the child. There is a need for more practice in Brazilian Sign Language. The support of the family members is crucial for a good therapeutical accompaniment, because when they trust on the student, the kind of therapy, and on the adopted approach, he or she cooperates with the evolution of the therapeutical process, facilitating the bond. When the family believes in the effectiveness of the therapy and the possibility of good results, the child does not miss sessions. Moreover, the bond created with the family and the patient helps the student to see the real difficulties of the child and what should be done to be improved. It was pointed out that the bilingual approach cooperates for the self-recognition of deaf culture and identity. Conclusion: on students' perception, the experience gained along the stage provided theoretical-practical knowledge to work with the family, recognizing the importance of this to the therapeutic success and to deal with the expectations of both parties.

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de alunos de graduação em Fonoaudiologia sobre o atendimento fonoaudiológico na área da surdez. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, com coleta de dados realizada com questionário autoaplicável e grupo focal. A amostra constituiu-se por 14 alunos matriculados no curso de graduação em Fonoaudiologia. Resultados: os resultados foram classificados por categorias tais como conhecimento, expectativas, necessidades, vínculo e práticas terapêuticas. Os alunos apresentaram sentimentos de angústia em lidar com as expectativas da família, quanto à oralização da criança e o medo de intervir. Os alunos esperavam que os familiares acreditassem no potencial do filho. Há necessidade de maior prática dos alunos na Língua Brasileira de Sinais. O apoio do familiar é crucial para o bom andamento do acompanhamento terapêutico, pois quando há confiança no aluno, na terapia e na forma de abordagem que é adotada com relação ao caso, coopera para a evolução de todo o processo terapêutico, facilitando o vínculo. Ao acreditar na eficácia da terapia e na possibilidade de resultados, o familiar ou responsável é efetivo quanto à assiduidade do sujeito. Além disso, o vínculo com os familiares e os sujeitos ajuda o aluno a perceber as reais dificuldades do paciente e o que necessita ser aprimorado. Foi apontado que a abordagem bilíngue coopera para o auto reconhecimento da cultura e da identidade surda. Conclusão: a experiência adquirida ao longo do estágio propiciou conhecimento teórico-prático para atuar com a família, reconhecer a importância desta para o sucesso terapêutico e para lidar com as expectativas de ambas as partes.

Combined effect of antagonistic yeast and modified atmosphere to control Penicillium expansum infection in sweet cherries cv. Ambrunés.

Fruit decay caused by pathogenic moulds is a major concern in the postharvest quality and shelf life of fruit. Blue mould decay is caused by Penicillium expansum (P. expansum) and is one of the most important postharvest diseases in cherries (Prunus avium L.). Synthetic fungicides are the main medium used to control pathogenic moulds. However, alternative approaches are available for developing safer technologies to control postharvest disease. An integrated approach that combines biological control, using antagonistic yeasts and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with cold storage is a promising alternative to synthetic fungicide treatment. In this work, two microperforated films (M10 and M50) and two antagonistic yeast strains (Hanseniaspora opuntiae L479 and Metschnikowia pulcherrima L672) were evaluated for their effectiveness to control the development of P. expansum in wounded cherries stored at 1°C. Results showed that the microperforated films had fungistatic effects, particularly M50, due to the level of CO2 achieved (mean CO2 of 11.2kPa at 35days), and the decrease in disease severity. Antagonistic yeasts, particularly Metschnikowia pulcherrima L672, delayed the development of P. expansum and decreased disease incidence and severity. The combination of MAP and antagonistic yeasts was the most effective approach to control P. expansum, during cold storage.

Efficiency and toxicity: comparison between the Fenton and electrochemical processes.

This study aimed to determine the best method to treat a textile effluent containing the dye basic blue 99 (BB). Treatments by the electrochemical and the Fenton processes were compared by means of a 2(3) experimental design, and the interaction of experimental conditions for BB oxidation were determined. The electrochemical treatment gave better results in the presence of NaCl as electrolyte and high current density (30 mA cm(-2)); the Fenton reaction provided better results at H2O2 and Fe(2+) concentrations of 10 mg L(-1) and 0.5 mmol L(-1), respectively. Electrochemical treatment was 23 times faster than the Fenton reaction because formation of chlorinated species during electrooxidation significantly contributed to dye oxidation. Although the electrochemical process was more efficient, the resulting treated effluent was more toxic to Lactuca sativa germination and growth, which indicated some biotoxicity. Results demonstrated that both processes efficiently remediated effluents containing the dye BB, but they need to be combined with other processes to ensure complete adequacy of the effluent for disposal.

Parents' experiences of having a baby with ambiguous genitalia.

Health professionals must be aware of the impact on parents of the birth of children with ambiguous genitalia. This study aimed to analyze the experiences and perceptions of such parents. Parents of 30 children who were evaluated in a reference center for disorders of sex development (DSD) were interviewed. The questionnaire covered the prenatal period, the moment they were told about the disorder, initial management by health professionals, and problems they experienced. Only two cases were detected during pregnancy. The news was usually given to the mother alone by pediatricians. Most parents kept it secret and avoided exposing the baby to the prejudice of others. Parents of children who were referred without sex assignment usually held a personal belief of their child's sex. Previous assignment was based on clinical examination and/or karyotype. Spreading knowledge about DSD could increase awareness of this issue, thus reducing parents' shock and societal stigma. Training of neonatal care teams is required to avoid assignment before evaluation.

Impact on antibody responses of B-cell-restricted transgenic expression of a viral gene inhibiting activation of NF-κB and NFAT.

In this work, we have assessed the impact in vivo of the evasion gene A238L of African swine fever virus, an inhibitor of both NF-κB- and NFAT-mediated transcription. The A238L gene was selectively expressed in mouse B lymphocytes using the promoter and enhancer sequences of the mouse Ig µ heavy chain. The IgM primary and IgG2b secondary serological responses and the number of splenic germinal centres in response to the TD antigens DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin and sheep red blood cells, respectively, were both lower in the transgenic mice, whereas the response to the TI type-1 and type-2 antigens DNP-Ficoll and DNP-LPS, respectively, were normal, except for the increased levels of IgG3 at day 14 in the DNP-LPS-immunized mice. Thus, it appears that neither p65 (NF-κB) nor NFAT is essential for B-cell development but, in a manner that is still unclear, may be relevant for their function.

Development of a system for treatment of coconut industry wastewater using electrochemical processes followed by Fenton reaction.

The coconut processing industry generates a significant amount of liquid waste. New technologies targeting the treatment of industrial effluents have emerged, including advanced oxidation processes, the Fenton reaction, and electrochemical processes, which produce strong oxidizing species to remove organic matter. In this study we combined the Fenton reaction and electrochemical process to treat wastewater generated by the coconut industry. We prepared a synthetic wastewater consisting of a mixture of coconut milk and water and assessed how the Fenton reagents' concentration, the cathode material, the current density, and the implementation of associated technologies affect its treatment. Electrochemical treatment followed by the Fenton reaction diminished turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 85 and 95%, respectively. The Fenton reaction followed by the electrochemical process reduced turbidity and COD by 93 and 85%, respectively. Therefore, a combination of the Fenton and electrochemical technologies can effectively treat the effluent from the coconut processing industry.

Clinical and molecular spectrum of patients with 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17-β-HSD3) deficiency / Espectro clínico e molecular de pacientes com deficiência de 17β-hidroxiesteroide desidrogenase tipo 2 (17-β-HSD3)

The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17-β-HSD3) catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone in the testes, and its deficiency is a rare disorder of sex development in 46,XY individuals. It can lead to a wide range of phenotypic features, with variable hormonal profiles. We report four patients with the 46,XY karyotype and 17-β-HSD3 deficiency, showing different degrees of genital ambiguity, increased androstenedione and decreased testosterone levels, and testosterone to androstenedione ratio < 0.8. In three of the patients, diagnosis was only determined due to the presence of signs of virilization at puberty. All patients had been raised as females, and female gender identity was maintained in all of them. Compound heterozygosis for c.277+2T>G novel mutation, and c.277+4A>T mutation, both located within the intron 3 splice donor site of the HSD17B3 gene, were identified in case 3. In addition, homozygosis for the missense p.Ala203Val, p.Gly289Ser, p.Arg80Gln mutations were found upon HSD17B3 gene sequencing in cases 1, 2, and 4, respectively. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):533-9.

A enzima 17β-hidroxiesteroide desidrogenase tipo 3 (17-β-HSD3) catalisa a conversão de androstenediona a testosterona nos testículos, e sua deficiência é uma forma rara de distúrbio do desenvolvimento do sexo em indivíduos 46,XY. A desordem apresenta um amplo espectro de características fenotípicas e de resultados de dosagens laboratoriais. Neste trabalho, são relatados quatro casos de deficiência da 17-β-HSD3 com cariótipo 46,XY, ambiguidade genital em diversos graus, androstenediona aumentada, testosterona diminuída, e relação testosterona e androstenediona < 0,8. Em três das pacientes, o diagnóstico foi suspeitado devido à presença de sinais de virilização na puberdade. Todos os pacientes foram criados como mulheres, e a identidade de gênero feminino foi mantida em todas elas. A heterozigose composta da mutação nova c.277+2T>G e da mutação c.277+4A>T, ambas localizadas no sítio doador de splicing do íntron 3 do gene HSD17B3, foi identificada no caso 3. Além dessas, as mutações missense p.Ala203Val, p.Gly289Ser, p.Arg80Gln foram identificadas em homozigose pelo sequenciamento do gene HSD17B3 dos casos 1, 2 e 4, respectivamente. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):533-9.

Sexual difference, identification and object choice in individuals with sex differentiation disorders / Diferença sexual, identificação e escolha de objeto em pacientes com distúrbios da diferenciação sexual / Différence sexuelle, identification et choix d'objet parmi des patients porteur de troubles de différenciation sexuelle / Diferencia sexual, identificación e elección de objeto en pacientes con anomalías de la diferenciación sexual

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how sexual identity is structured and also to investigate the relationship between sexual identity, choice of sex object and sexual difference. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were held with seven adult patients who were born with sex differentiation disorders: Two had 5-alpha-reductase type-2 deficiency and five had congenital adrenal hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Sex is trauma. Neither male nor female nor any other gender identification implies the choice of sex object, genders of partners or sexual practices.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Interrogar como se estrutura a identidade sexual. Investigar as relações entre identidade sexual, escolha de objeto sexual e diferença sexual. MÉTODO: Aplicamos entrevista semi-estruturada em pacientes com distúrbios da diferenciação sexual: 2 com deficiência da 5 alfa redutase tipo 2 e 5 com Hiperplasia Adrenal Congênita. CONCLUSÕES: Sexo é trauma. Identificação masculina, feminina ou outras não implicam no sexo do objeto de escolha, gênero dos parceiros ou práticas sexuais.(AU)

OBJECTIF: Ce travail a pour but d'analyser la façon comment l'identité sexuelle se structure, ainsi que d'investiguer les rapports entre l'identité sexuelle, le choix de l'objet sexuel et la différence sexuelle. MÉTHODE: Entrevue semi-dirigée de patients porteur de troubles de différenciation sexuelle: Deux patients porteurs du déficit 5-alpha réductase type 2 et cinq patients porteurs d'hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales. CONCLUSION: Le sexe est un traumatisme. L'identification masculine, féminine ou autre n'implique pas le sexe de l'objet du choix, le genre des partenaires ou les pratiques sexuels.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Interrogar como se estructura la identidad sexual. Investigar las relaciones entre identidad sexual, elección de objeto sexual y diferencia sexual. MÉTODO: Fueron aplicadas entrevistas semiestructuradas en pacientes con trastornos en la diferenciación sexual: 2 con deficiencias de la 5 Alpha Redutase tipo 2 y 5 con Hiperplasia Adrenal Congénita. CONCLUSIÓN: Sexo es trauma. Identificación masculina, femenina u otras no implican en el sexo del objeto de elección, el género de los compañeros (partenaires) o prácticas sexuales.(AU)

Sexual difference, identification and object choice in individuals with sex differentiation disorders / Diferença sexual, identificação e escolha de objeto em pacientes com distúrbios da diferenciação sexual / Différence sexuelle, identification et choix d'objet parmi des patients porteur de troubles de différenciation sexuelle / Diferencia sexual, identificación e elección de objeto en pacientes con anomalías de la diferenciación sexual

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how sexual identity is structured and also to investigate the relationship between sexual identity, choice of sex object and sexual difference. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were held with seven adult patients who were born with sex differentiation disorders: Two had 5-alpha-reductase type-2 deficiency and five had congenital adrenal hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Sex is trauma. Neither male nor female nor any other gender identification implies the choice of sex object, genders of partners or sexual practices.

OBJETIVO: Interrogar como se estrutura a identidade sexual. Investigar as relações entre identidade sexual, escolha de objeto sexual e diferença sexual. MÉTODO: Aplicamos entrevista semi-estruturada em pacientes com distúrbios da diferenciação sexual: 2 com deficiência da 5 alfa redutase tipo 2 e 5 com Hiperplasia Adrenal Congênita. CONCLUSÕES: Sexo é trauma. Identificação masculina, feminina ou outras não implicam no sexo do objeto de escolha, gênero dos parceiros ou práticas sexuais.

OBJECTIF: Ce travail a pour but d'analyser la façon comment l'identité sexuelle se structure, ainsi que d'investiguer les rapports entre l'identité sexuelle, le choix de l'objet sexuel et la différence sexuelle. MÉTHODE: Entrevue semi-dirigée de patients porteur de troubles de différenciation sexuelle: Deux patients porteurs du déficit 5-alpha réductase type 2 et cinq patients porteurs d'hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales. CONCLUSION: Le sexe est un traumatisme. L'identification masculine, féminine ou autre n'implique pas le sexe de l'objet du choix, le genre des partenaires ou les pratiques sexuels.

OBJETIVO: Interrogar como se estructura la identidad sexual. Investigar las relaciones entre identidad sexual, elección de objeto sexual y diferencia sexual. MÉTODO: Fueron aplicadas entrevistas semiestructuradas en pacientes con trastornos en la diferenciación sexual: 2 con deficiencias de la 5 Alpha Redutase tipo 2 y 5 con Hiperplasia Adrenal Congénita. CONCLUSIÓN: Sexo es trauma. Identificación masculina, femenina u otras no implican en el sexo del objeto de elección, el género de los compañeros (partenaires) o prácticas sexuales.

Imagem do cirurgião-dentista em sites de busca da web / The image of dentists on online search websites / Imagen del cirujano-dentista en buscadores de internet

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as imagens dos sites de busca da Web relacionadas ao cirurgião-dentista. Quatro pesquisadores realizaram o levantamento diariamente em sete grandes sites durante um mês. Foram usadas como palavras-chave para a busca: cirurgião-dentista, dentista e odontólogo. Para a análise das imagens foi utilizado o método de análise da imagem proposto por Joly e análise descritiva. O resultado obtido após a análise conjunta pelos pesquisadores foi de onze categorias: Rotina (159=26,72%), Humor (104=17,47%), Visão restrita (58=9,74%), Sadismo/Brutalidade (57=9,57%), Insalubridade (47=7,89%), Medo (47=7,89%), Dor/Sofrimento (47=7,89%), Entretenimento (37=6,21%), Erotismo/Sexualidade (28=4,70%), Mutilação (8=1,34%) e Narcisismo (3=0,50%). Das 595 imagens encontradas, mais da metade (66,55%) representavam negativamente o cirurgião-dentista. Conclui-se que a profissão de cirurgião-dentista veiculada em grandes sites de busca aparece, dentre as imagens não convencionais do exercício da profissão, com predominância negativa.

The objective of this study was to analyze images provided by online search websites related to dentists. Four researchers performed a daily survey on seven large websites over the course of one month. The following keywords were used in the survey: cirurgião-dentista (dental surgeon), dentista (dentist), and odontólogo (odontologist). The images were analyzed using the image analysis method proposed by Joly, including descriptive analysis. The results obtained after the researchers? combined analyses yielded eleven categories: Routine (159=26.72%), Mood (104=17.47%), Restricted view (58=9.74%), Sadism/Brutality (57=9.57%), Unwholesomeness (47=7.89%), Fear (47=7.89%), Pain/Suffering (47=7.89%), Entertainment (37=6.21%), Erotism/Sexuality (28=4.70%), Mutilation (8=1.34%) and Narcissism (3=0,50%). Considering the 595 identified images, over half (66.55%) suggested a negative impression of the dentist or dentistry. In conclusion, the dentist?s profession disseminated in large search websites appears, among the non-conventional images of the profession, to have mostly a negative predominance.

Se objetivó analizar las imágenes de los buscadores de Internet relacionadas al cirujano-dentista. Cuatro investigadores realizaron la pesquisa a diario en siete grandes buscadores durante un mes. Se utilizaron como descriptores para la búsqueda: cirujano-dentista, dentista y odontólogo. Para el análisis de las imágenes se utilizó el método de análisis de imágenes propuesto por Joly y análisis descriptivo. El resultado obtenido luego de análisis conjunto por los investigadores fue de once categorías: Rutina (159=26,72%), Humor (104=17,47%), Visión restringida (58=9,74%), Sadismo/Brutalidad (57=9,57%), Insalubridad (47=7,89%), Miedo (47=7,89%), Dolor/Sufrimiento (47=7,89%), Entretenimiento (37=6,21%), Erotismo/Sexualidad (28=4,70%), Mutilación (8=1,34%) y Narcicismo 3=0,50%). De las 595 imágenes encontradas, más de la mitad (66,55%) representaban negativamente al cirujano-dentista. Se concluye en que la profesión de cirujano-dentista investigada en buscadores de Internet, ofrece entre las imágenes no inherentes al ejercicio profesional una visión predominantemente negativa.

Clinical and molecular spectrum of patients with 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17-ß-HSD3) deficiency.

The enzyme 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17-ß-HSD3) catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone in the testes, and its deficiency is a rare disorder of sex development in 46,XY individuals. It can lead to a wide range of phenotypic features, with variable hormonal profiles. We report four patients with the 46,XY karyotype and 17-ß-HSD3 deficiency, showing different degrees of genital ambiguity, increased androstenedione and decreased testosterone levels, and testosterone to androstenedione ratio < 0.8. In three of the patients, diagnosis was only determined due to the presence of signs of virilization at puberty. All patients had been raised as females, and female gender identity was maintained in all of them. Compound heterozygosis for c.277+2T>G novel mutation, and c.277+4A>T mutation, both located within the intron 3 splice donor site of the HSD17B3 gene, were identified in case 3. In addition, homozygosis for the missense p.Ala203Val, p.Gly289Ser, p.Arg80Gln mutations were found upon HSD17B3 gene sequencing in cases 1, 2, and 4, respectively.