RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Understand and explore the childbirth experiences of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWHIV). With the advent of several measures to decrease the intrapartum HIV infection and a strong emphasis on the humanization of childbirth, there is a growing focus on providing positive childbirth experiences for pregnant women. Indeed, a positive childbirth experience is even more important in the group of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWHIV) as it plays a pivotal role in enhancing the mother's adherence to her postpartum treatment and the newborn's engagement in Infectious Disease services. METHODOLOGY: A scoping review was conducted. Searches were performed on databases, such as MEDLINE, PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE and Cochrane Library, using the following keywords: childbirth, birth, parturition, HIV, humaniz*, perceived safety, experience, maternal satisfaction, healthcare professional and midwi*. Articles meeting pre-established criteria were selected within the timeframe of 2013 to 2023 for inclusion in the review. RESULTS: Out of a total of 2,340,391 articles, 4 were chosen based on our defined criteria. Three primary themes emerged from the selected articles: the assessment of childbirth experience quality, vulnerability and autonomy. CONCLUSIONS: The four studies identified had a small sample size and were not adequately conducted with a specific focus on studying the childbirth experience of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWHIV). This scoping review revealed a gap in the existing literature, indicating a need for further research and clarification in the identified area.
RESUMO
Gestational trophoblastic disease is an abnormality of pregnancy that encompasses a group of diseases that differ from each other in their propensity for regression, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. In the past, it was common for patients with molar pregnancy to present with marked symptoms: copious bleeding; theca lutein cysts; uterus larger than appropriate for gestational age; early preeclampsia; hyperemesis gravidarum; and hyperthyroidism. Currently, with early diagnosis made by ultrasound, most patients are diagnosed while the disease is still in the asymptomatic phase. In cases of progression to trophoblastic neoplasia, staging-typically with Doppler flow studies of the pelvis and chest X-ray, although occasionally with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging-is critical to the choice of an appropriate antineoplastic therapy regimen. Because it is an unusual and serious disease that affects women of reproductive age, as well as because its appropriate treatment results in high cure rates, it is crucial that radiologists be familiar with gestational trophoblastic disease, in order to facilitate its early diagnosis and to ensure appropriate follow-up imaging.
Doença trofoblástica gestacional é anomalia da gravidez que engloba um grupo de doenças derivadas do trofoblasto, diferentes entre si na propensão para regressão, invasão, metástase e recidiva. No passado, era comum a paciente portadora de gravidez molar apresentar sintomas exuberantes: hemorragia copiosa, cistos tecaluteínicos, útero aumentado para a idade gestacional, pré-eclâmpsia precoce, hiperêmese e hipertireoidismo. Atualmente, com o diagnóstico precoce feito pela ultrassonografia, a maioria das pacientes é diagnosticada ainda na fase assintomática. Nos casos em que há progressão para neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional, o estadiamento feito com a dopplerfluxometria pélvica e a radiografia de tórax, eventualmente com a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética, é fundamental na avaliação da escolha do tratamento antineoplásico. Por ser uma doença incomum e grave, que acomete mulheres no menacme, mas cujo tratamento adequado determina elevadas taxas de cura, é fundamental que os radiologistas estejam familiarizados com essa entidade clínica, a fim de auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce e promover seu correto acompanhamento imaginológico.
