[Measurement of cardia and pylorus distance by endoscopy in children]. / Medición en niños mediante endoscopia de la distancia del cardia y el píloro.

We performed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 258 children. We measured the distance from the teeth to cardias and pylorus and found, that height correlated with distance from then teeth to cardias.

[The usefulness of biofeedback in children with encopresis. A preliminary report]. / Utilidad del biofeedback en niños con encopresis. Comunicación preliminar.

Children with encopresis (costiveness) have a social problem, and (BFB) offers them a valid therapeutic alternative. The present prospective study compares the advantages of this technique with conventional treatment in 21 patients, with average ages of 10.13 and 8.54 years in each group. The patients were studied by clinical, manometric and electromyographic parameters. Those treated with BFB showed clinical improvement, with manometric significant enhancement (p < 0.001) of the percentage of internal anal sphincter (IAE) relaxation, relaxation interval of the IAE and rectal sensation threshold (RST), on the other hand, patients treated by conventional therapy only improved the RST (p < 0.01). Biofeedback seems useful in the treatment of the child with encopresis.