Antibody detection against Borrelia burgdorferi in horses located in the suburban areas of Monterrey, Nuevo León.

The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in horses from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Blood serum was obtained from a total of 100 horses residing at different counties in the area. From each animal data was obtained on age, sex, county of residence, presence of ectoparasites and clinical signs. All sera samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluoresence and the sera that resulted positive to this test was analyzed by Western blot. The serological test yielded 34 positive sera at 1:64 dilution, and from them 6 were positive at 1:128 dilution, 3 at 1:256, and only one at 1:512. Confirmation of the infection by Western blot was obtained only in the sample positive at the 1:512 dilution. These results shown a low frequency of seropositivity to B. burgdorferi of the horses in the area, confirming previous studies indicating that in northeast Mexico Lyme disease is present in different animal species.

Luxación traumática de la cadera en niños. Reporte preliminar de 10 casos / Traumatic dislocation of the hip in children. Preliminary report of 10 cases

Se presenta una serie de 10 niños con luxación traumática de la cadera que se distribuyeron en 3 grupos de acuerdo con su edad. Grupo I (edad 0 a 5 años) 3 pacientes; grupo II (6 a 10 años) un paciente y grupo III (11 a 16 años) 6 pacientes. El grado de lesión fue graduado como leve, moderado o severo. Se identificaron lesiones severas en 7 casos principalmente en el grupo III; 9 sufrieron luxación posterior y sólo hubo una luxación anterior. Todos fueron seguidos por más de un año después de la lesión. Se encontraron lesiones asociadas en 3. El tiempo entre el accidente y la reducción fue en menos de 4 horas en 7 casos. Se encontró un buen resultado en 8 y malo sólo en 2, con limitación en los arcos de movimiento de la cadera. No se encontró artrosis degenerativas o necrosis avascular. Las complicaciones se presentaron en un caso depués de reducción abierta y osteosíntesis por una fractura del acetábulo desplazada. Se realizó evaluación radiográfica (AP de pelvis y AP en posición de rana) y en 3 casos valoración con resonancia magnética (RM)

[Supplementation of DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate in children with chronic cholestasis and vitamin E deficiency]. / Suplementación de DL-alpha-tocoferol acetato oral en niños con colestasis crónica y déficit de vitamina E.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the oral supplement doses of dl-alpha-tocopheryl-acetate to maintain normal serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations in children with chronic cholestasis and vitamin-E deficient. BACKGROUND: Malabsorption and deficiency of vitamin E in children with chronic cholestasis causes a progressive, neuromuscular degeneration at approximately 18-24 months of life, if left untreated. Using prompt treatment, it can be completely prevented and reversed to normal. METHOD: Longitudinal, prospective and comparative study was performed on consecutive sixty vitamin E deficient children with chronic cholestasis divided in three groups. After initial evaluation, therapy was started for 15 days in each group with 100 IU, 200 IU and 400 IU/day of oral dl-alpha-tocopheryl-acetate, respectively; alpha-tocopherol-status, neurological function and biochemical parameters were monitored during therapy. RESULTS: Any oral supplement does administrated for 15 days of dl-alpha-tocopheryl-acetate were enough to maintain the normalization of alpha-tocopherol status (p > 0.06). Neurological function, which had not deteriorated before entry in the trial, stabilized in all after 15 days of therapy. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Oral supplement of dl-alpha-tocopheryl-acetate for 15 days with 100 IU, 200 IU, and 400 IU, in spite of safety, weren't enough to maintain the alpha-tocopherol serum concentration in children with chronic cholestasis and vitamin-E deficient.

Simposio. Avances recientes con ifosfamida/mesna en el tratamiento de tumores sólidos malignos: estudio fase II con ifosfamida, mesna y carboplatino en el tratamiento del cáncer cervicouterino etapa IIB / Symposium. Recent Advances with ifosfamide/Mesna in the treatment of malignant solid tumors: Phase II study in carcinoma of the uterine cervix clinical stage IIB with ifosfamide, mesna and carboplatin

Los casos de carcinoma cervicouterino se diagnostican en la mayoría de las pacientes en etapas localmente avanzadas. Esto evita el abordaje quirúrgico. La quimioterapia combinada neoadyuvante ha demostrado reducción tumoral en más de la mitad de los casos tratados. En el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, elaboramos un estudio fase II con objeto de determinar la eficacia y la toxicidad de la combinación de ifosfamida+mesna+carboplatino. También se evaluó la posibilidad de intervenir quirúrgicamente a las enfermas con carcinoma cervicouterino etapa IIB. Se incluyeron 20 pacientes sin tratamiento previo y con edad promedio de 42 años. Todas recibieron tres ciclos de quimioterapia cada cuatro semanas con carboplatino 300 mg/m² el día 1+ifosfamida 3g/m²/día por dos días en infusión contínua de 24 horas; mesna 600mg por vía intravenosa (bolo) directo antes de ifosfamida; 3,000 mg en la solución de la ifosfamida en infusión de 24 horas por dos días. Al término de ésta se administró 1,500 mg de mesna en 1,00 ml de solución glucosada en infusión de 12 horas. Se obtuvieron cuatro respuestas completas y nueve parciales; tres pacientes cursaron con enfermedad estable y cuatro progresaron. En dos enfermas sometidas a cirugía, los especímenes mostraron: carcinoma in situ residual en una mujer y en la otra no hubo actividad tumoral. De 18 pacientes que recibieron radioterapia posterior a la quimioterapia, 13 tuvieron respuesta completa, una mostró respuesta parcial y cuatro progresaron. La toxicidad para 54 ciclos de quimioterapia fue predominantemente medular; neutropenia grado 1-2 (6 por ciento), grado 3-4 (62 por ciento); plaquetopenia grado 0 (90 por ciento), grado 1-2 (44 por ciento) y grado 3 (4 por ciento). No se observó ningún proceso séptico asociado a la neutropenia. Se presentó emesis grado 2-3 en el 42 por ciento y alopecia grado 3 en el 75 por ciento. El seguimiento promedio para todas la pacientes fue de 12 meses. El intervalo libre de progresión en 14 casos con respuesta completa (13 con quimioterapia+radioterapia y uno con quimioterapia+cirugía) fue de 14.3 meses promedio (extremos 6-19 meses). Los resultados obtenidos con esta combinación confirman un alto índice de respuestas objetivas (65 por ciento) y completas (20 por ciento) con toxicidad moderada. La quimioterapia neoadyuvante puede reducir suficientemente el volumen tumoral; esto permite la cirugía en pacientes tradicionalmente consideradas con enfermedad irresecable

[Usefulness of nasobiliary catheter during treatment of choledocholithiasis with extracorporeal lithotripsy]. / Utilidad de la sonda nasobiliar durante el tratamiento de la colédocolitiasis con litotricia extracorpórea.

From April to June 1990, five female patients with a mean age of 47 years, with previous cholecystectomy and the presence of bile duct stones, were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Pain and jaundice was present in 4, one patient only had jaundice. In 3 patients the stones were located in the intrahepatic bile ducts, in the other 2 they were located in the common bile duct but were judged to be to large for endoscopic treatment. In all patients a sphincterotomy was performed and a nasobiliary catheter was inserted, after which extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed. Saline solution was infused through the nasobiliary tube (1 ml per minute) for 24 hours. In all the patients except one, the problem was solved in one session. Saline infusion through a nasobiliary catheter was useful as a complement of shock wave lithotripsy of bile duct stones to prevent the obstruction of the bile duct by fragments.

[Ultrasound-guided percutaneous plugged biopsy of the liver in patients with coagulation disorders. Preliminary report]. / Biopsia hepática percutánea con taponamiento guiada por ultrasonido en pacientes con coagulación alterada. Informe preliminar.

The histopathological study is very useful to establish a correct diagnosis in hepatic diseases, nevertheless conventional percutaneous liver biopsy is contraindicated in patients with abnormal coagulation. For this reason, some other alternatives have been looked for. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectivity of gelfoam plugged liver biopsy, like alternative of the conventional biopsy in patients with impaired coagulation. The procedure was done in fourteen patients with prothrombin time longer than twelve seconds over the control and platelet count until 20,000/mm3. Besides that, we used real time ultrasound to guide the biopsy, in order to improve the safety and effectivity of this technique. All were successful, and there were no serious complications. This technique is a good alternative in patients with liver disease and impaired coagulation, in whom the histological diagnosis is essential.

Functional parathyroid carcinoma. Cytology, histology, and ultrastructure of a case.

A case of a functional parathyroid carcinoma that recurred 1 year after being resected is presented. The clinical and laboratory data and the histologic structure are presented with confirmatory electron microscopy. The preoperative aspiration biopsy showed findings suggestive of parathyroid carcinoma although simultaneous core biopsy results were reported as parathyroid adenoma. The differential cytologic diagnosis with thyroid neoplasms is discussed.

[Cervico-vaginal cytology in women with IUD]. / Citologia cervico-vaginal en mujeres con dispositivo intrauterino.

PIP: The cytologic changes in 90 cervical smears from 75 women with IUDs were analyzed. All were married women between ages 20-45 and had used the device for from a few months to more than 7 years. Characteristic findings present in 26.6% of the women were clusters of columnar cells with irregular cytoplasmic vacuolation and peculiar small, round, isolated cells. In 17.3% of the cases, both types of cells were found and in 9.3%, only the small isolated cell type were present. These cytologic changes had no relation to the duration of device use or to type of device used. The appearance of this peculiar cytology was not related to the phase of the menstrual cycle in which the sample was obtained. The vacuolated cells are probably endocervical in origin and due to hypersecretion induced by the device, although an endometrial origin cannot be ruled out. The small cell is probably derived from epithelium transformed by squamous metaplasia. The recognition of these changes is important in order to avoid a false positive diagnosis of malignancy in women with IUDs. (author's modified)^ieng