An umbrella review of systematic reviews on interventions of physical activity before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and postpartum to control and/or reduce weight gain.

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide represents a (chronic) complex public health problem. This is also seen among women of childbearing age despite increased efforts to promote physical activity (PA) interventions. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with negative health outcomes for both mothers and offspring. OBJECTIVES: To summarize current systematic reviews (SRs) on PA interventions during pregnancy and postpartum to prevent excessive GWG and identify the most effective approaches. SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature search was conducted on major electronic databases (MEDLINE/Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Epistemonikos) from inception to March 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA: This study included SRs and meta-analyses of studies involving women aged 18 years or older from diverse ethnic backgrounds, who were either in the preconception period, pregnant, or within 1 year postpartum and who had no contraindications for exercise. Women with chronic diseases, such as pre-existing diabetes (type 1 or type 2) were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers extracted data from selected studies assessing the impact of PA in preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum. Methodologic quality was assessed with the AMSTAR-2 tool. A narrative summary of results addresses relationships between PA and weight before, during, and after pregnancy, informing future research priorities for preventing excessive weight gain. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD420233946666). MAIN RESULTS: Out of 892 identified articles, 25 studies were included after removing duplicates, unrelated titles, and screening titles and abstracts for eligibility. The results demonstrate that PA can help prevent excessive GWG and postpartum weight retention. Structured and supervised moderate-intensity exercise, at least twice a week, and each session lasting a minimum of 35 min seems to provide the greatest benefits. CONCLUSIONS: Women who comply with the PA program and recommendations are more likely to achieve adequate GWG and return to their pre-pregnancy body mass index after delivery. Further research is warranted to explore how preconception PA influences pregnancy and postpartum outcomes given the absence of identified preconception-focused interventions.

Preparation of synthetic micro- and nano plastics for method validation studies.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is a persisting global problem. Accurate analysis is essential in quantifying the effects of microplastic pollution and develop novel technologies that reliably and reproducibly measure microplastic content in various samples. The most common methods for this are FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Coloured, standardized beads are often used for method validation tests, which limits the conclusions to a very specific case rarely observed in the natural environment. This study focuses on the preparation of reference micro- and nanoplastics via cryogenic milling and shows their use for FTIR and Raman method validation studies. MPs can now be reproducibly milled from various plastics, offering the advantages of a better representation of MPs in real environment. Moreover, this study highlights issues with the current detection methods, up to now considered as the most reliable ones for MP detection and identification. Such issues, e.g. misidentification, will need to be addressed in the future. Additionally, milled MPs were used in experiments with commercial high-resolution imaging device, enabling a possible in-situ optical detection of microplastics. These experiments represent a step forward in understanding MPs in a water sample and provide a basis for a more accurate detection and identification directly from water, which would considerably reduce the time of analysis.

Abnormal functional connectivity in radiologically isolated syndrome: A resting-state fMRI study.

BACKGROUND: Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) patients might have psychiatric and cognitive deficits, which suggests an involvement of major resting-state functional networks. Notwithstanding, very little is known about the neural networks involved in RIS. OBJECTIVE: To examine functional connectivity differences between RIS and healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Resting-state fMRI data in 25 RIS patients and 28 healthy controls were analyzed using an independent component analysis; in addition, seed-based correlation analysis was used to obtain more information about specific differences in the functional connectivity of resting-state networks. Participants also underwent neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: RIS patients did not differ from the healthy controls regarding age, sex, and years of education. However, in memory (verbal and visuospatial) and executive functions, RIS patients' cognitive performance was significantly worse than the healthy controls. In addition, fluid intelligence was also affected. Twelve out of 25 (48%) RIS patients failed at least one cognitive test, and six (24.0%) had cognitive impairment. Compared to healthy controls, RIS patients showed higher functional connectivity between the default mode network and the right middle and superior frontal gyri and between the central executive network and the right thalamus (pFDR < 0.05; corrected). In addition, the seed-based correlation analysis revealed that RIS patients presented higher functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex, an important hub in neural networks, and the right precuneus. CONCLUSION: RIS patients had abnormal brain connectivity in major resting-state neural networks and worse performance in neurocognitive tests. This entity should be considered not an "incidental finding" but an exclusively non-motor (neurocognitive) variant of multiple sclerosis.

Dermatitis atópica en un infante / Atopic dermatitis in a child

Se describe el caso clínico de un infante de 2 años de edad, producto de un parto distócico por cesárea a las 40 semanas, debido a una desproporción cefalopélvica, alimentado con lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses de vida, quien fue llevado a consulta por presentar prurito persistente, más exacerbado en las noches y lesiones eritematopapulosas en los pliegues de codos y rodillas, así como en el axilar izquierdo. Según los resultados de los exámenes complementarios, los niveles de inmunoglobulinas E estaban elevados, por lo cual fue medicado con antihistamínicos, esteroides en ciclos cortos (vías tópica y oral), factor de transferencia e inmunomoduladores tópicos; también se le ofrecieron orientaciones higienoambientales y dietéticas. Después de 2 meses de tratamiento mejoró ostensiblemente el cuadro clínico y se mantuvo en seguimiento por su área de salud(AU)

The case report of a 2-year-old child born of a dystocia cesarian section at 40 weeks due to a cephalopelvic disproportion is described, who was exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age and taken to the clinic because of persistent itching, which was exacerbated at night, and erythematous papulous lesions in elbow and knee folds, as well as in the left axilla. According to the results of complementary tests there were high levels of immunoglobulin E, so that he received antihistamines, short-course steroids (topical and oral routes), transfer factor and topical immunomodulators; hygienic, environmental and dietetic guidances were also given. After 2 months of treatment the clinical pattern improved significantly and he was monitored in the health area(AU)

Dermatitis atópica en un infante / Atopic dermatitis in a child

Se describe el caso clínico de un infante de 2 años de edad, producto de un parto distócico por cesárea a las 40 semanas, debido a una desproporción cefalopélvica, alimentado con lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses de vida, quien fue llevado a consulta por presentar prurito persistente, más exacerbado en las noches y lesiones eritematopapulosas en los pliegues de codos y rodillas, así como en el axilar izquierdo. Según los resultados de los exámenes complementarios, los niveles de inmunoglobulinas E estaban elevados, por lo cual fue medicado con antihistamínicos, esteroides en ciclos cortos (vías tópica y oral), factor de transferencia e inmunomoduladores tópicos; también se le ofrecieron orientaciones higienoambientales y dietéticas. Después de 2 meses de tratamiento mejoró ostensiblemente el cuadro clínico y se mantuvo en seguimiento por su área de salud.

The case report of a 2-year-old child born of a dystocia cesarian section at 40 weeks due to a cephalopelvic disproportion is described, who was exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age and taken to the clinic because of persistent itching, which was exacerbated at night, and erythematous papulous lesions in elbow and knee folds, as well as in the left axilla. According to the results of complementary tests there were high levels of immunoglobulin E, so that he received antihistamines, short-course steroids (topical and oral routes), transfer factor and topical immunomodulators; hygienic, environmental and dietetic guidances were also given. After 2 months of treatment the clinical pattern improved significantly and he was monitored in the health area.

Valoración del control del paciente hipertenso / Assessment and control of hypertensive patients

Se realizó una investigación transversal y descriptiva a 150 pacientes hipertensos del Grupo Básico de Trabajo 2 del Policlínico Universitario Luis A. Turcios Lima, municipio Pinar del Río durante el año 2011, con el objetivo de valorar el control. Para la recogida de información se utilizaron las historias de salud familiar e individual y se aplicó un cuestionario bajo la aceptación de las personas a participar en esta investigación. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados con medidas de frecuencias (por cientos). Se encontró que predominó el sexo femenino y las edades entre 45 y 59 años. La tensión arterial promedio fue menor de 130/80 mm de Hg. El mayor por ciento de los casos se chequeó la tensión arterial con una periodicidad de 6 o más veces. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las cardiovasculares. La mayoría de los pacientes estaban controlados y presentaron menos complicaciones(AU)

A cross-sectional and descriptive research with 150 patients belonging to No-2 basic-team work at Luis A. Turcios Lima Pinar del Rio municipality during 2011 was carried out to assess and control hypertensive patients. To collect the information, familial and individual medical history were revised and a questionnaire under the consent of the subjects to participate in the study was applied. The process and analysis of data were performed considering measures of frequencies (percentages). Female sex and ages between 45 and 49 prevailed. Average blood pressure was less than 130/80 mm Hg. Observing in the greatest percentage of the cases the screen of blood pressure periodically more than 6 or more times. Cardiovascular complications were the most frequent. The majority of patients were controlled and presented less complications(AU)

Valoración del control del paciente hipertenso / Assessment and control of hypertensive patients

Se realizó una investigación transversal y descriptiva a 150 pacientes hipertensos del Grupo Básico de Trabajo 2 del Policlínico Universitario "Luis A. Turcios Lima", municipio Pinar del Río durante el año 2011, con el objetivo de valorar el control. Para la recogida de información se utilizaron las historias de salud familiar e individual y se aplicó un cuestionario bajo la aceptación de las personas a participar en esta investigación. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados con medidas de frecuencias (por cientos). Se encontró que predominó el sexo femenino y las edades entre 45 y 59 años. La tensión arterial promedio fue menor de 130/80 mm de Hg. El mayor por ciento de los casos se chequeó la tensión arterial con una periodicidad de 6 o más veces. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las cardiovasculares. La mayoría de los pacientes estaban controlados y presentaron menos complicaciones.

A cross-sectional and descriptive research with 150 patients belonging to No-2 basic-team work at “Luis A. Turcios Lima” Pinar del Rio municipality during 2011 was carried out to assess and control hypertensive patients. To collect the information, familial and individual medical history were revised and a questionnaire under the consent of the subjects to participate in the study was applied. The process and analysis of data were performed considering measures of frequencies (percentages). Female sex and ages between 45 and 49 prevailed. Average blood pressure was less than 130/80 mm Hg. Observing in the greatest percentage of the cases the screen of blood pressure periodically more than 6 or more times. Cardiovascular complications were the most frequent. The majority of patients were controlled and presented less complications.

Evaluación funcional del adulto mayor en la comunidad / Functional assessment of the elderly

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal a 120 adultos mayores pertenecientes al consultorio médico No 219 del Policlínico Universitario Turcios Lima, Municipio Pinar del Río, en el período comprendido de julio a diciembre de 2009, con el objetivo de precisar el estado funcional de estos. Para la recogida de la información se utilizó el análisis de la situación de salud del sector. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios siempre bajo la voluntariedad y aceptación de las personas a participar en la investigación, basado en la escala geriátrica de evaluación funcional, creada en el Centro Iberoamericano de la Tercera Edad y adoptada por el Programa Nacional de Salud de Cuba, así como en el índice de actividades b ásicas de la vida diaria de Katz y la escala de actividades instrumentadas de la vida diaria de Lawton-Brody. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados con medidas de frecuencias relativas y ji cuadrado con una confiabilidad del 95 por ciento. Se encontró una población en envejecimiento demográfico predominando las edades de 60-69 años. Todas las alteraciones aumentaron con la edad y predominaron los ancianos independientes, activos y satisfechos con la vida que llevan(AU)

A descriptive and cross-sectional research with 120 old people belonging to No-219 Medical Office at Luis A. Turcios Lima, Pinar del Rio municipality was conducted from July to December 2009. This study was aimed at specifying the functional status of the elderly. The Analysis of Health Situation was used to collect the information and the questionnaires were applied considering the voluntary nature and acceptance of participation of the elderly in the research, based on the Geriatric Functional Assessment Scale (GFAS) created by the Latin-American Center for the Old People Care (CITED in Spanish) and accepted by the National Health Program in Cuba, as well as Katz Index of Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Lawton - Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL). Data were processed and analyzed using frequencies (percentages) and chi-square with a confidence of 95 per cent. A demographic aging population was found prevailing ages between 60-69 years old. All the alterations increased together with the aging process. Independent and active old people showing satisfaction with their lifestyle prevailed(AU)

Evaluación funcional del adulto mayor en la comunidad / Functional assessment of the elderly

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal a 120 adultos mayores pertenecientes al consultorio médico No 219 del Policlínico Universitario "Turcios Lima", Municipio Pinar del Río, en el período comprendido de julio a diciembre de 2009, con el objetivo de precisar el estado funcional de estos. Para la recogida de la información se utilizó el análisis de la situación de salud del sector. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios siempre bajo la voluntariedad y aceptación de las personas a participar en la investigación, basado en la escala geriátrica de evaluación funcional, creada en el Centro Iberoamericano de la Tercera Edad y adoptada por el Programa Nacional de Salud de Cuba, así como en el índice de actividades b ásicas de la vida diaria de Katz y la escala de actividades instrumentadas de la vida diaria de Lawton-Brody. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados con medidas de frecuencias relativas y ji cuadrado con una confiabilidad del 95%. Se encontró una población en envejecimiento demográfico predominando las edades de 60-69 años. Todas las alteraciones aumentaron con la edad y predominaron los ancianos independientes, activos y satisfechos con la vida que llevan.

A descriptive and cross-sectional research with 120 old people belonging to No-219 Medical Office at "Luis A. Turcios Lima", Pinar del Rio municipality was conducted from July to December 2009. This study was aimed at specifying the functional status of the elderly. The Analysis of Health Situation was used to collect the information and the questionnaires were applied considering the voluntary nature and acceptance of participation of the elderly in the research, based on the Geriatric Functional Assessment Scale (GFAS) created by the Latin-American Center for the Old People Care (CITED in Spanish) and accepted by the National Health Program in Cuba, as well as Katz Index of Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Lawton - Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL). Data were processed and analyzed using frequencies (percentages) and chi-square with a confidence of 95%. A demographic aging population was found prevailing ages between 60-69 years old. All the alterations increased together with the aging process. Independent and active old people showing satisfaction with their lifestyle prevailed.

Aspectos epidemiologicos de la lepra / Epidemiologic aspects of leprosy

Se realiz¢ una investigaci¢n descriptiva y transversal en el  rea de salud del Policl¡nico Docente “Lu¡s A. Turcios Lima” de Pinar del R¡o con el objetivo de conocer algunos aspectos epidemiol¢gicos de la lepra durante el decenio de 1991 al 2000. El universo estuvo representado por los 25 pacientes diagnosticados con esta enfermedad durante los a¤os se¤alados. La informaci¢n se obtuvo del departamento de estad¡sticas y de la revisi¢n de las historias de salud individual. Se presentaron los datos en medidas de frecuencias absolutas y medidas de res£menes cualitativos tales como proporciones y tasas. Se encontr¢ que la lepra ha tenido un comportamiento irregular en esta poblaci¢n durante el decenio, predominando en el grupo de 45 a 59 a¤os y en el sexo femenino. El mayor porciento de los enfermos provienen de zonas urbanas, adem s predomin¢ la lepra indeterminada, siendo el principal modo de detecci¢n de la enfermedad el estudio de los contactos de enfermos(au)