La Influencia de la Evitación Experiencial y la Fusión Cognitiva en Personas con Diagnóstico de Trastorno de Pánico y Agorafobia y TOC / The Influence of Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Fusion in People Diagnosed with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia and OCD

La terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) pone de manifiesto la importancia de la evitación experiencial y la fusión cognitiva en un amplio espectro de problemas psicológicos. El propósito de este estudio es conocer cómo influyen la gravedad del trastorno de pánico y agorafobia (TPA) y la gravedad del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) en los niveles de evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. Se pretende examinar, además, si existen diferencias entre ambos grupos diagnósticos. La muestra estaba constituida por 67 personas diagnosticadas de TPA y TOC. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) y Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Los resultados mostraron que los pacientes con TPA presentan mayores niveles de fusión cognitiva frente a los pacientes con TOC, que elevados niveles de ansiedad se asocian a mayor grado de evitación experiencial y que una mayor gravedad del TOC correlacionaba con elevados niveles de evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. Se propone una intervención temprana en pacientes con TOC para prevenir la cronicidad del trastorno y se recalca la importancia de los aspectos de aceptación en el trascurso de la terapia de estos pacientes (AU)

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) highlights the importance of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion in a wide spectrum of psychological problems. The purpose of this study is to know how the severity of panic disorder and agoraphobia (APT) and the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) influence levels of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. It is also intended to examine whether there are differences between the two diagnostic groups. The sample consisted of 67 people diagnosed with APT and OCD. The following assessment instruments were used: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The results showed that patients with APT present higher levels of cognitive fusion compared to patients with OCD, that high levels of anxiety are associated with a higher degree of experiential avoidance, and that greater severity of OCD correlated with high levels of experiential avoidance and fusion cognitive. Early intervention in OCD patients is proposed to prevent the chronicity of the disorder and the importance of the acceptance aspects is emphasized in the course of therapy of these patients (AU)

Factors Dancers Associate with their Body Dissatisfaction.

Body dissatisfaction constitutes an important factor in the development of eating pathologies, particularly among dancers. The aim of this research was to test the factors that dancers identified as relevant to their body dissatisfaction using an exploratory mixed method design. Participants were 369 dancers from two Spanish dance conservatories. Questionnaires assessed body dissatisfaction, abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors, and risk factors to eating disorders in the dance domain. Nine factors were found; the "teacher", the "uniform", and the "mirrors" were the most common. Individuals with a greater likelihood of developing an eating disorder identified teachers influence as a key factor in their body dissatisfaction. Specifically, ballet dancers were more likely to indicate that teachers were a negative influence compared to students in other dance genres (contemporary, flamenco, and Spanish dance). Programs to reduce negative body image and improve positive body image in dance conservatories are needed, specifically focusing on teachers.

Prevención de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) en chicas preadolescentes: eficacia de un programa multisesión e interactivo en el seguimiento a un año / Prevention of eating disorders in pre-adolescents girls: effectiveness of a multi-session interactive program at one year follow-up

El objetivo es determinar la eficacia de un programa de prevención (PP) para el desarrollo de TCA, aplicado en seis sesiones a 115 chicas de 1º y 2º de ESO (edad media= 12,71; DT= 0,72). Pre, post-programa y al año de seguimiento se aplicaron el EAT-40 y el BSQ. Post-programa, se administró una encuesta que evaluaba la capacidad para identificar la influencia de factores de riesgo. Los resultados al año de las chicas de 2º de ESO ya en 3º de ESO, se contrastaron con los obtenidos por un grupo de chicas (n= 69) del mismo curso (edad media= 14,36; DT= 0,54) no participantes en el PP. Las participantes mostraron puntuaciones muy bajas en ambos cuestionarios desde el pre-programa. Los efectos de la intervención fueron escasos, aunque se observó una alta capacidad adquirida en identificar la influencia de los factores de riesgo. En comparación con las no participantes, las participantes presentaban al año de seguimiento significativamente menos patología alimentaria y de la imagen corporal. En conclusión, el PP ha mostrado su eficacia a corto y largo plazo y el curso idóneo para su aplicación es 2º de ESO (AU)

The objective of this paper was to determine the efficacy of a program applied to 115 girls in 1st and 2nd grade in Secondary Obligatory Education (ESO) (average age=12.71; SD=0.72) in six sessions to prevent the onset of eating disorders. Pre-, post-program and after a one-year follow-up, the EAT-40 and BSQ were applied. Additionally, a questionnaire was created to assess the capability of identifying risk factors in ED development. The results were contrasted with those obtained from a group of girls (N= 69) in the same grades and of the same age (average age=14.36; SD=0.54) who did not participate in the prevention program (PP). Participants were already showing very low scores on both questionnaires from the pre-program. The effects of the intervention were scarce, although it was observed that a high capability of identifying risk factors had been acquired. When compared to the non-participants and after the one-year follow up, the participants showed significant lower eating and body image pathologies. The program has proven its efficacy both in short and long-term and the ideal school year to apply it is 2nd grade ESO

MCMI-II borderline personality disorder in anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

The aim of the present study is to explore the MCMI-II personality style and MCMI-II possible disorder of borderline personality (BPD) in various groups of women. 93 patients-31 anorexia nervosa restricting subtype (ANr), 31 anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging subtype (ANp), and 31 bulimia nervosa purging subtype (BNp); 31 women at high risk for eating disorder or symptomatic control group (S-CG) and 31 without known pathology or not symptomatic control group (NS-CG)-completed the Spanish version of the MCMI-II. The results revealed: (1) clinically significant borderline personality traits [74>Base Rate (BR) <85]: 16.1% ANr, 12.9% ANp, and 45.2% BNp versus 3.2% of the S-CG and none of the NS-CG; (2) possible disorder (BR>84): 29% ANr, 41.9% ANp and 29% BNp. According to the MCM-II, women with BNp displayed more BPD traits than possible disorder (though these were more severe). However, the probability of a possible disorder was higher in ANp (more disorders than traits).