Postoperative drift and dose-response of strabismus surgery in thyroid eye disease: predicting desired outcomes with intraoperative adjustable sutures.

OBJECTIVE: To report outcomes of strabismus surgery in thyroid eye disease using intraoperative bow-knot adjustable sutures under topical anaesthesia and calculate prediction models for surgical correction and postoperative drift depending on surgical dose-response. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients operated on from 2016 to 2021. A satisfactory outcome was defined as no diplopia with maintenance of vertical (<5 PD) and horizontal (<10 PD) stable alignment at primary gaze. Subjective diplopia corrected with prisms within successful motor alignment was defined as a fair result. Otherwise, the result was considered to be poor. RESULTS: A total of 73 patients were included (60 females, 82%). Mean preoperative horizontal and vertical deviations were 26.9 PD (19.1 SD), and 11.8 PD (7.6 SD), respectively. Mean horizontal drift was -3.2 PD (5.2 SD), whereas mean vertical drift was -3.4 PD (3.3 SD). A linear regression established a dose-response of 2.37 PD/mm for each medial rectus recession (p < 0.0001; r2 = 0.777) and 3.75 PD/mm for unilateral inferior rectus recession (p < 0.0001; r2 = 0.922). Final success rate was satisfactory in 62 patients (85%), fair in 7 patients (10%), and poor in 4 patients (5%). CONCLUSIONS: Muscle recession with intraoperative adjustable sutures is effective for the treatment of thyroid eye disease strabismus. Predictable dose-responses could be achieved with a drift toward overcorrection. Undercorrection proportional to the planned surgical dose should be the immediate postoperative target of choice. Other variables such as orbital decompression and concurrent vertical and horizontal surgery do not correlate with dose-response and postoperative drift. However, further studies are necessary to validate our findings.

Oscillopsia After Isolated Lateral Wall Decompression Versus Balanced or 3-Wall Decompression.

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of postoperative masticatory oscillopsia after orbital decompression, comparing results between isolated lateral wall and balanced or 3-wall orbital decompression. METHODS: An observational retrospective study was performed, involving 161 consecutive patients who underwent orbital decompression between 2008 and 2018. Patients' clinical data were registered, and archives were revised for data compilation. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of surgery: "lateral" group included patients who underwent isolated lateral wall decompression and "lateral plus" group involved patients with balanced or 3-wall decompression. Exclusion criteria were secondary decompressions, those not including lateral wall and asymmetrical surgeries, so analysis was performed among 131 remaining patients. Oscillopsia was self-reported and was registered as present or not. Diplopia was evaluated according to Paridaens grading system. RESULTS: Statistical analysis among the 131 patients with lateral wall decompression (isolated or in combination) was performed. Seven patients referred oscillopsia, 5 among "lateral" group, while 2 reported oscillopsia on "lateral plus" group (p = 0.001). The authors found no differences on new-onset or worsening of diplopia between groups (p = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Oscillopsia was significantly higher after isolated lateral wall decompression than after balanced or 3-wall decompression, while no differences were found between groups according to diplopia status. Transmission of temporal muscle contraction to the orbit seems to be the cause of the oscillopsia. The authors postulate that the absence of orbital floor or medial wall may act as a dampener for the temporalis muscle contractions, allowing the orbital contents to be expanded through them, and avoiding oscillopsia.

Outcomes of Medial Rectus Recession With Adjustable Suture in Acute Concomitant Esotropia of Adulthood.

PURPOSE: To review and analyze the surgical outcomes of bilateral medial rectus recession with adjustable suture in acute concomitant esotropia of adulthood (ACEA). METHODS: The charts of all adults diagnosed as having ACEA between 2004 and 2017 were reviewed. Best corrected visual acuity, refractive error, ocular alignment measured in prism diopters (PD), and stereopsis were examined at presentation, 1 day postoperatively, and final follow-up visit (median: 10 months; range: 4 to 144 months). All patients underwent bilateral medial rectus recession using adjustable suture surgery and topical anesthesia. Statistical analysis was used to calculate surgical dose-responses and to study possible correlations with clinical parameters. RESULTS: Fifteen patients diagnosed as having ACEA were included. The mean age was 39.2 ± 10.7 years, and the mean refractive errors in the right and left eyes were -3.97 ± 2.87 and -3.60 ± 2.74 diopters (D), respectively. Average esotropia deviations at near and distance were 22.7 ± 7.2 and 23.0 ± 7.5 PD. All patients improved with medial rectus recession (mean: 12.0 ± 2.2 mm) with a final mean deviation of 0.7 ± 1.8 PD. The mean dose-responses at 1 day postoperatively and final visit were 1.86 ± 0.58 and 1.83 ± 0.43 PD/mm, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between surgical dose-responses at 1 day postoperatively and final visit and preoperative deviation (R2 = 0.55; P < .001; R2 = 0.66; P < .001), whereas there were no significant correlations with age, sex, refractive error, BCVA, or stereopsis (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Good postoperative and final outcomes are achieved with large medial rectus recessions in ACEA. A larger dose-response can be expected in large preoperative deviations, independent of other clinical and ocular parameters. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(2):101-106.].

Abnormal head position in infantile nystagmus syndrome.

Infantile nystagmus is an involuntary, bilateral, conjugate, and rhythmic oscillation of the eyes which is present at birth or develops within the first 6 months of life. It may be pendular or jerk-like and, its intensity usually increases in lateral gaze, decreasing with convergence. Up to 64% of all patients with nystagmus also present strabismus, and even more patients have an abnormal head position. The abnormal head positions are more often horizontal, but they may also be vertical or take the form of a tilt, even though the nystagmus itself is horizontal. The aim of this article is to review available information about the origin and treatment of the abnormal head position associated to nystagmus, and to describe our treatment strategies.

An education and motivation intervention to change clinical management of the third stage of labor - the GIRMMAHP Initiative.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders are major contributors to death after delivery in developing countries. The GIRMMAHP Initiative was designed to describe the actual delivery care in five Latin American countries and to educate and motivate clinical staff at 17 hospitals with the purpose of implementing their own clinical practice guidelines to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS: A multicountry education intervention was developed in four consecutive stages, using two analyses: (a) an observational study of the clinical records in eight teaching and nine nonteaching hospitals and (b) a study of the long-term changes measured 12 months after completion of an education intervention and writing a local clinical guideline. RESULTS: Data from 2,247 pregnant women showed that only 23.3 percent had an active management of the third stage of labor and that 22.7 percent received no prenatal care visit. These data were used to prepare local clinical practice guidelines in each participant hospital. The proportion of active management increased to 72.6 percent of deliveries at 3 months and 58.7 percent 1 year later. Use of oxytocin during the third stage of labor increased to 85.9 percent of included deliveries. The proportion of women who had postpartum hemorrhage decreased from 12.7 percent at baseline to 5 percent at 1 year after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: An education intervention and discussion of actual clinical practice problems with health professionals and their involvement in drafting clinical guidelines helped improve health care quality and practitioners' adherence to these guidelines.

[Recurrent intestinal ischemia due to factor VIII]. / Isquemia intestinal de repetición por el factor VIII.

Intestinal ischemia is difficult to diagnose and can be caused by several etiologic processes. We report the case of a female patient with recurrent bowel ischemia due to small vessel thrombosis, which is caused by factor VIII, a procoagulant factor.

Isquemia intestinal de repetición por el factor VIII / Recurrent intestinal ischemia due to factor VIII

La isquemia intestinal es una enfermedad de difícil diagnóstico, que puede estar causada por varios procesos etiológicos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con isquemia intestinal de repetición por procesos trombóticos en los vasos de pequeño calibre, causados por la presencia de un factor procoagulante, el factor VIII

Intestinal ischemia is difficult to diagnose and can be caused by several etiologic processes. We report the case of a female patient with recurrent bowel ischemia due to small vessel thrombosis, which is caused by factor VIII, a procoagulant factor

El tortícolis en la cirugía del nistagmus congénito y la videonistagmografía / The torticollis in congenital nystagmus surgery and videonystagmography

Se analizan 66 pacientes con nistagmus congénito manifiesto, 29 de ellos con estrabismo asociado. Se analizan variables como el tipo de tortícolis, registro videonistagmográfico horizontal y vertical, la disminución en la convergencia, tipo de cirugía. En la muestra de pacientes presenta patología sensorial asociada el 40,5 por ciento. Resultados: De la muestra de 66 pacientes con nistagmus congénito, el tortícolis que aparece con más frecuencia en los pacientes estudiados es el tortícolis horizontal (89 por ciento). La técnica quirúrgica más frecuentemente utilizada fue la retroinserción amplia retroecuatorial (12-15 mm) de los músculos recto medio y recto lateral contralateral (44 por ciento). La velocidad del nistagmus horizontal registrada en la videonistagmografía (VNG) es mayor en los que tienen tortícolis horizontal que en los que no lo presentan. Si se asocia un problema mayor de nistagmus en resorte, estrabismo, parálisis oculomotora, esto puede hacer aumentar o modificar el tortícolis.- El 100 por ciento de los pacientes con nistagmus y estrabismo asociado tiene tortícolis. Conclusiones: La causa principal del tortícolis en los pacientes con nistagmus es el nistagmus por delante del estrabismo. El tortícolis de presentación más frecuente es el horizontal en el 89 por ciento de los casos. El tortícolis torsional se presenta en el 36 por ciento de los pacientes de nuestra muestra y el vertical en el 34 por ciento. El estrabismo tiene un papel clave en la aparición de tortícolis vertical y torsional en el nistagmus. Sin embargo el estrabismo está menos presente en casos de tortícolis horizontales puros. Es necesario antes de tomar una determinada actitud terapéutica en un nistagmus contar con el mayor número de datos posibles para desenmascarar los componentes del nistagmus y la presencia o no de estrabismo, y la VNG aporta gran información a este respecto, como la presencia o no de bloqueo, la disminución de la intensidad en ciertas posiciones, etc.

We analyze 66 patients with congenital manifest nystagmus, 29 of them with associated strabismus. Parameters studied were head position, type of surgery, videonistagmography registration, ocular abnormalities, frequencies. Horizontal torticollis was the most frequent head position found (89 percent), followed by torsional (36 percent) and vertical (34 percent) torticollis. No sensory nystagmus blocked in convergence (18 percent). Although sensory nistagmus never block, they to reduce their intensity by more than half in 28.6 percent of cases. The type of surgery we used the most was over one horizontal muscle and contralateral muscle in the other eye. We concluded that nystagmus is the main cause of abnormal horizontal head position. However strabismus also participate. Torsional and vertical head position is mostly caused by strabismus. Although simple clinical study is the first step to any understanding of nystagmus, videonistagmography give us some useful information. We can study with much more precision some nystagmus movements (0,2 percent) that are undetectable by visual study. It is also useful in case of blocking convergence.