Morphophysiological alterations in fruit-eating bats after oral exposure to deltamethrin.

Deltamethrin (DTM) is a synthetic pyrethroid widely used in the cultivation and management of several crops due to its insecticidal action. Application to crops of pyrethroids such as DTM can result in the exposure of water and fruit consumed by fruit bats having a high pyrethroid content which may be harmful. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term oral exposure of the fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus) to two concentrations of DTM (0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg of papaya) on histopathology of the intestine, liver and kidney. The intestine of the animals exposed to both concentrations showed inflammatory infiltrate, degeneration, necrosis and goblet cell hyperplasia as the most frequent pathologies. Besides, the acid mucins showed an increase in the frequency of non-viable cells. The liver showed hepatocyte vacuolizatio and nuclear enlargement, as well as inflammatory infiltrate and steatosis. The kidneys of the exposed animals showed and inflammatory infiltrate, benign nephrosclerosis, vacuolization and necrosis. Also, DTM reduced nitric oxide synthesis, decreased glomerular diameter and increased glycogen percentage in the proximal tubules. Our results suggest that acute exposure to DTM at low concentrations has the potential to induce pronounced histopathological changes in vital organs, such as intestine, liver and kidney of fruit-eating bats.

Lagochilascariasis: an emerging parasitic disease

Lagochilascariasis, described for the first time in 1909, is caused by a helminth nematode within the Lagochilascaris genus, and Ascarididae family, which mainly affects the underprivileged, especially among rural populations. Brazil presents more than 75% of the cases worldwide, mostly in the Amazon region, where the illness is considered emergent. The main clinical manifestation in humans is the appearance of subcutaneous purulent lesions normally found around the neck, mastoid and middle ear regions, the originating form is a painless granulomatous reaction that may have a chronic course and lead to death. Considering the paucity of reports on this helminthiasis, a bibliographic study was performed with the intent of consolidating information found systemized as etiology, epidemiology, pathogeny, clinical aspects, diagnostic, treatment, prophylaxis and control, as well as guiding health professionals in the resolution of human lagochilasacariasis cases. The present review reinforces the need for further studies on the subject, with a view to increasing the appropriate management of the disease and learning from it, to improve control, based on adequate knowledge of its natural cycle, as well as health education of the population

Lagochilascariasis: an emerging parasitic disease

Lagochilascariasis, described for the first time in 1909, is caused by a helminth nematode within the Lagochilascaris genus, and Ascarididae family, which mainly affects the underprivileged, especially among rural populations. Brazil presents more than 75% of the cases worldwide, mostly in the Amazon region, where the illness is considered emergent. The main clinical manifestation in humans is the appearance of subcutaneous purulent lesions normally found around the neck, mastoid and middle ear regions, the originating form is a painless granulomatous reaction that may have a chronic course and lead to death. Considering the paucity of reports on this helminthiasis, a bibliographic study was performed with the intent of consolidating information found systemized as etiology, epidemiology, pathogeny, clinical aspects, diagnostic, treatment, prophylaxis and control, as well as guiding health professionals in the resolution of human lagochilasacariasis cases. The present review reinforces the need for further studies on the subject, with a view to increasing the appropriate management of the disease and learning from it, to improve control, based on adequate knowledge of its natural cycle, as well as health education of the population

Sofosbuvir use for yellow fever: a new perspective treatment.

Yellow fever is an acute febrile illness for which there is no specific antiviral treatment. Since 2016, Brazil has experienced two outbreaks, and collective health measures have been adopted to contain these grievances. However, published data about the drug sofosbuvir against flaviviruses are promising, suggesting the relevance of conducting future clinical trials.