Survival of osseointegrated implants: a 10-year retrospective study.

Introduction: New techniques, surgical protocols, dental implant designs, and prosthetic rehabilitation have been used in dentistry, most of which have yielded good results in the literature. This retrospective survey assessed the clinical results of patients rehabilitated with dental implants between January 2011 and December 2021. Load protocols (immediate and conventional), types of connections of the installed implants, external hexagon (EH), and cone morse (MC) were evaluated. Material and methods: Two evaluators were selected and calibrated to perform the analyses. The inclusion criteria were records with complete and legible information of patients rehabilitated with dental implants who were followed for at least 1 year after rehabilita-tion. The medical records were divided into two groups, G1 (implants with conventional load) and G2 (implants with immediate load), and further subdivided according to implant type. Information about the rehabilitation failures was noted and descriptive statistics of the results were obtained. Results: Among the 432 evaluated medical records of patients rehabilitated with implants, the study included 319 records: 223 from women and 96 from men, aged 20-79 years. In total, data were available on 1,227 implants with dimensions of 10-13 mm and diameters of 3.75-4 mm. The G1 (n=1.188) survival rates were 94.95% for EH implants and 99.5% for MC implants. In G2 (n=39), the survival rates were 93.75% for EH implants and 91.3% for MC implants. The implant survival rates were relatively high among all groups evaluated; however, the discrepancy between the number of implants in the groups may compromise the comparison between them. Understanding and respecting the biomechanical and technical principles of each protocol was the main factor influencing the success of rehabilitation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that, according to medical records, rehabilitation with dental implants showed excellent results regardless of the connection type (EH or MC) or loading protocol (conventional or immediate). The two loading protocols and two connection types had excellent results and scientific support. Therefore, the choice should be based on the clinical needs of each patient.

Omics data reveals the phenolic fingerprint of Brazilian whole wheat flours of different technological qualities.

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most consumed staple foods used for bakery products. Outer layers of grain present a great diversity of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds (PC). Free and bound PC were extracted from eight genotypes of whole wheat flours (WWF) presenting different technological classifications. These extracts were comprehensively characterized through untargeted metabolomics applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MSE) and spectrophotometric analyses. Chemical composition and colorimetry were also determined by classical analyses. Thirty-eight PC were tentatively identified by UHPLC-MSE belonging to three classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other polyphenols), some of them identified in all WWF samples. Bound hydroxycinnamic acids were the main PC found in WWF, especially the trans-ferulic acid and its isomer. No difference was found in starch and protein contents, whereas low-quality flours showed a higher ash content than the superior and medium-quality flours. Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged between 124.5 and 171.4 mg GAE/100 g WWF, which bound PC were responsible for 60% of TPC. Omics data and multivariate statistical analyses were successfully applied to discern the phenolic profile of WWF from different genotypes and technological qualities. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05665-8.

Antibiofilm effect of cleaning agents for ocular prostheses.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of different agents (neutral soap, 4% chlorhexidine, Efferdent effervescent tablets, 1% triclosan, and citronella essential oil) used for ocular prosthesis cleaning. Material and Methods: Biofilms of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were formed on 60 ocular prosthesis acrylic resin specimens. The specimens were cleaned with the studied agents with different techniques. Microorganism counting was performed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and HSD Tukey-Kramer (p<.01). Results: When compared to the control group, all cleaning protocols promoted a reduction in growth of microorganisms. The 4% chlorhexidine, effervescent tablets, and 1% triclosan cleaning agents eliminated biofilm in all groups. Conclusion: Therefore, immersion in 4% chlorhexidine, effervescent tablets, and 1% triclosan could be the best protocols indicated for ocular prosthesis cleaning due to their ability to eliminate biofilm.

Influence of Light-Curing Glaze and Chlorhexidine Gluconate in the Acrylic Resin Properties: An in situ Study.

This in-situ study aimed to evaluate the chromatic stability, microhardness, and surfacefree energy of chemically activated acrylic resin (CAAR) samples. Eighty CAAR samples were made and each volunteer (n = 20) received two palatal plates with two sides of groups (without and with glaze application). The samples were exposed to two conditions: the control condition (sucrose 30%) and the test condition (sucrose 30% and 0.12% chlorhexidine). The volunteers used the first palatal device (control condition) for seven days and the second palatal device (test condition) for another seven days, with a seven-day break between them. Then, the ΔΕ00, microhardness, and surface-free energy tests were performed. Analysis of Variance and the Tukey test were used (α = 0.05). The control group with glaze showed higher ΔΕ00 compared to the group without the glaze. The test group with glaze had less ΔΕ00 than their respective controls. In both periods, when the glaze was applied, higher microhardness values were found for all groups. Groups with glaze showed lower roughness and higher surface-free energy than groups without the glaze. The values obtained in this study were satisfactory, showing the clinical efficacy of glaze and the use of 0.12% CH for maintaining the physical and mechanical properties of CAAR.

Untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals improved phenolic profile in whole wheat bread with yerba mate and the effects of the bread-making process.

Untargeted metabolomics analysis was applied to evaluate the phenolic profile of whole wheat bread with yerba mate (YM) during the bread-making process (flour, dough and bread). The free, bound and total phenolic contents of the samples evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method showed the highest values for the flour, dough and bread samples prepared with 4.5% YM in fine and medium particle sizes (flour 181.48 - 175.26 mg GAE/g; dough 149.62 - 141.40 mg GAE/g; and bread 148.32 - 147.00 mg GAE/g). Globally, 104 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified, belonging to the five subclasses: flavonoids (35), phenolic acids (32), other polyphenols (10), stilbenes (2) and lignan (1). Of these compounds, 24 had the same m/z but showed different fragmentation profiles. A higher number of polyphenols was identified in the bound extracts (77%) than in the free extracts (59%). The addition of 4.5% of YM promoted an improved and more abundant profile of phenolic compounds in the dough and bread. The major compounds found in the samples containing YM were 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid. The baking process did not adversely affect the abundance of phenolic compounds. The bread-making process positively affected the phenolic profile due to the release of bound phenolic compounds. At the same time, the addition of YM as a natural ingredient promoted an increase in the polyphenols in the bread.

Success rate of short unitary implants installed in atrophic mandible: Integrative Review.

Introduction: In the rehabilitation of total edentulous patients, lack of bone availability in posterior maxillary regions is common due to pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and posterior mandible due to the presence of the lower alveolar nerve. And to rehabilitate this type of patient, one of them is the use of short implants. Methods: The work aims to evaluate the success rate of treatment of short implants through a literature review. The search was carried out in august 2020 in the Pubmed (MedLine), Scopus and Embase databases, using the keywords: extra short implants, short implants, survival rate, single implant, atrophic mandible. The keywords followed the AND or OR criteria previously elaborated by the PICO question. The inclu-sion criteria were: implants with a length of 4 to 8 mm, which were single and in the posterior region of atrophic mandible and which had 5 years of follow-up. Articles were excluded from the review where the implants were splinted, had a follow-up of less than 5 years and considered short implants larger than 8 mm. Results: After the search, 4 articles were separated, which totaled an n = 172 short implants obtaining a success rate of 93.47% in 5 years. After the search, 4 articles were separated, which totaled an n = 172 short implants obtaining a success rate of 93.47% in 5 years. Conclusion: We can conclude that the use of short implants, even in single prostheses, has a high success rate, which can provide the edentulous patient with little bone bioavailability for rehabilitation.

Black tea kombucha: Physicochemical, microbiological and comprehensive phenolic profile changes during fermentation, and antimalarial activity.

This study shows the changes in physicochemical and microbiological composition, and in the phenolic profile of black tea kombucha during fermentation. In addition, the antimalarial potential of the kombucha was evaluated. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry multiplex analysis (UPLC-MSE) results revealed a 1.7 log2 fold-change increase in phenolics with the fermentation time, with emphasis on the increase of phenolic acids (0.3 log2 fold-change). Over time there was degradation of flavonoids such as nepetin, hesperidin and catechin 5-O-gallate, to the detriment of the increase in phenolic acids such as gallic acid and cinnamic acid. In addition, black tea kombucha presented antiplasmodic activity against the 3D7 (sensitive chloroquine) and W2 (resistant to chloroquine) strains. Therefore, important changes in the black tea kombucha phenolic profile take place during fermentation, which may help in the development of kombuchas with higher bioactive potential and contribute to a better understanding of the kombucha fermentation process.

Action potential variability in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes obtained from healthy donors.

Human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) have been used for disease modelling, after differentiation into the desired cell type. Electrophysiologic properties of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells are extensively used to model cardiac arrhythmias, in cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. This requires strict control of the multiple variables that can influence the electrical properties of these cells. In this article, we report the action potential variability of 780 cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells obtained from six healthy donors. We analyze the overall distribution of action potential (AP) data, the distribution of action potential data per cell line, per differentiation protocol and batch. This analysis indicates that even using the same cell line and differentiation protocol, the differentiation batch still affects the results. This variability has important implications in modeling arrhythmias and imputing pathogenicity to variants encountered in patients with arrhythmic diseases. We conclude that even when using isogenic cell lines to ascertain pathogenicity to variants associated to arrythmias one should use cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells using the same differentiation protocol and batch and pace the cells or use only cells that have very similar spontaneous beat rates. Otherwise, one may find phenotypic variability that is not attributable to pathogenic variants.

Kombuchas from green and black teas have different phenolic profile, which impacts their antioxidant capacities, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities.

UPLC-QTOF-MSE phenolic profile of kombuchas produced from the fermentation of green tea or black tea at 25 °C for 10 days was investigated along with the determination of their antioxidant capacities, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. Overall, 127 phenolic compounds (70.2% flavonoids, 18.3% phenolic acids, 8.4% other polyphenols, 2.3% lignans and 0.8% stilbenes) were identified, with 103 phenolic compounds reported for the first time in kombuchas. A greater diversity and abundance of phenolic compounds was detected in black tea kombucha, which resulted in a higher antioxidant capacity. However, the green tea kombucha was the only one that presented antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested and an increased antiproliferative activity against the cancer cell lines, which was attributed to the presence of catechins among the most abundant phenolic compounds and verbascoside as an exclusive compound. Thus, the type of tea used in the kombucha production interferes in its bioactive composition and properties.

Publisher Correction: Characterization of nitrogen doped graphene bilayers synthesized by fast, low temperature microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Characterization of nitrogen doped grapheme bilayers synthesized by fast, low temperature microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition.

New techniques to manipulate the electronic properties of few layer 2D materials, unveiling new physical phenomena as well as possibilities for new device applications have brought renewed interest to these systems. Therefore, the quest for reproducible methods for the large scale synthesis, as well as the manipulation, characterization and deeper understanding of these structures is a very active field of research. We here report the production of nitrogen doped bilayer graphene in a fast single step (2.5 minutes), at reduced temperatures (760 °C) using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD). Raman spectroscopy confirmed that nitrogen-doped bilayer structures were produced by this method. XPS analysis showed that we achieved control of the concentration of nitrogen dopants incorporated into the final samples. We have performed state of the art parameter-free simulations to investigate the cause of an unexpected splitting of the XPS signal as the concentration of nitrogen defects increased. We show that this splitting is due to the formation of interlayer bonds mediated by nitrogen defects on the layers of the material. The occurrence of these bonds may result in very specific electronic and mechanical properties of the bilayer structures.

Effect of photopolymerized glaze application on bacterial adhesion on ocular acrylic resin surfaces submitted to accelerated ageing.

Conditions of the acrylic resin (AR) surface, such as roughness, can promote a favourable environment for the adhesion of micro-organisms, even on the surface of ocular prostheses. This study evaluated the influence of photopolymerized glaze application on the roughness of ARs and adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis on ocular AR surfaces submitted to accelerated ageing. Two hundred and eighty-eight samples of white colour (N1) and colourless ARs were distributed in eight groups (n = 9), based on surface treatments (glaze or ARs submitted to only a final polishing), accelerated ageing (before and after) and periods of microbial growth (24- and 48-h). The roughness average (Ra) and total height of roughness profile (Rt) values were greater for the groups with glaze and increased for all groups after ageing. The microbial adhesion among the groups with and without glaze did not present a statistically significant difference. The ageing did not statistically affect the adhesion of Staph. epidermidis, but affected the adhesion of Staph. aureus, which presented an increase after 24 h of growth on only N1 AR with glaze. These results demonstrate that the glaze did not contribute to adhesion of Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis, which are responsible for most ocular prosthetic infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Some recent evidence suggested that the surface finish of ocular prostheses influences the accumulation of deposits that can affect the interaction with pathogenic bacteria, increasing the probability of infections. In addition, surface deterioration over time can increase the roughness and, consequently, biofilm formation. Thus, a better understanding of the influence of surface finish on bacterial adhesion becomes extremely important. In this study, we tested a glaze for surface polishing compared to mechanical polishing, before and after ageing. The results suggest that the glaze did not contribute to microbial adhesion and might be useful in preventing possible prosthetic infections.

Correlating structural dynamics and catalytic activity of AgAu nanoparticles with ultrafast spectroscopy and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.

In this study, we investigated hollow AgAu nanoparticles with the goal of improving our understanding of the composition-dependent catalytic activity of these nanoparticles. AgAu nanoparticles were synthesized via the galvanic replacement method with controlled size and nanoparticle compositions. We studied extinction spectra with UV-Vis spectroscopy and simulations based on Mie theory and the boundary element method, and ultrafast spectroscopy measurements to characterize decay constants and the overall energy transfer dynamics as a function of AgAu composition. Electron-phonon coupling times for each composition were obtained from pump-power dependent pump-probe transients. These spectroscopic studies showed how nanoscale surface segregation, hollow interiors and porosity affect the surface plasmon resonance wavelength and fundamental electron-phonon coupling times. Analysis of the spectroscopic data was used to correlate electron-phonon coupling times to AgAu composition, and thus to surface segregation and catalytic activity. We have performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of model hollow AgAu core-shell nanoparticles to characterize nanoparticle stability and equilibrium structures, besides providing atomic level views of nanoparticle surface segregation. Overall, the basic atomistic and electron-lattice dynamics of core-shell AgAu nanoparticles characterized here thus aid the mechanistic understanding and performance optimization of AgAu nanoparticle catalysts.

Oral rehabilitation of patients after maxillectomy. A systematic review.

Patients who have maxillectomy can be rehabilitated with reconstructive surgery or obturator prostheses with or without osseointegratable implants. To identify studies on possible treatments in this group, we systematically searched the Scopus, Embase, PubMed/Medline, and Cochrane databases to collect data on patients' characteristics, radiotherapy, and results related to speech, swallowing, mastication or diet, chewing, aesthetics, and quality of life. Of the 1376 papers found, six were included, and one other was included after an additional search of references. A total of 252 patients were included, and of them, 86 had reconstructive surgery, 91 were treated with obturator prostheses, 39 had reconstructive surgery or obturator prostheses associated with implants, and 36 had reconstruction plus an obturator prosthesis. Data on radiotherapy were incomplete. There is a lack of consensus about the indication for rehabilitation, as the treatment must be based on the individual characteristics of each patient.

Individual variation is the key to the development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus: a comparative study between mice lineages.

Bacterial infections occur worldwide and are a major public health problem. Among pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative agent of bacterial diseases in the world. This study aimed to evaluate which components of the immune system could act protectively against a S. aureus infection in intradermally immunized mice. C57BL/6 and A/j mice were immunized intradermally with S. aureus inactivated by heat and then challenged with viable strains in an air pouch model. At 6, 12, and 24 h after the challenge, euthanasia was performed, and the cellular profile of the inflammatory infiltrate, cytokines, and the bacterial load were evaluated in the air pouch lavages. Immunized mice demonstrated that the intradermal immunization with S. aureus promoted protection in C57BL/6 mice by reducing the bacterial, which was correlated with increased serum concentration of IgG antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a) against S. aureus. The increase in IgG2a antibody levels was correlated with a decrease of bacterial load in intradermally immunized C57BL/6 mice, along with production of IL-17A at the inflammation site, as well as IgG1consumption. Similar results were not found in the A/j lineage. In conclusion, a vaccine against S. aureus should focus more on the individual characteristics of the host because it is a determinant factor for the success of the immunization.

Microbiological analysis of conjunctival secretion in anophthalmic cavity, contralateral eye and ocular prosthesis of patients with maxillofacial abnormalities.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyse the micro-organisms present in the conjunctival secretion in anophthalmic cavities of wearers of ocular prostheses, as well as on the prostheses used by them, correlating them with the microbiota of the contralateral eye. Nine patients with maxillofacial abnormalities, wearers of an acrylic resin ocular prosthesis participated in the study. Collections of conjunctival secretions and biofilm were performed on the prosthesis, anophthalmic cavity and contralateral eye for the mycological and bacterial analyses. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, performing a Kendall correlation test to identify the correlation between the collection site and the identified micro-organism (P < 0·05). It was verified that the most prevalent micro-organisms were the Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, independent of the collection site, and that negative cultures for fungi were encountered in 85·2% of collections, independent of the region. It was not possible to establish a correlation among the types of micro-organisms and the collection sites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Some evidence suggests that the surface roughness of ocular prostheses can influence interactions with micro-organisms, with greater prejudicial consequences, such as the establishment of biofilms, which could lead to infections. Thus, it becomes extremely important to identify the micro-organisms present on the acrylic surfaces of ocular prostheses, as well as the microbiota of the anophthalmic cavity and contralateral eye of wearers of the same, so that subsequent control measures promote the homeostatic maintenance of the ocular region.

Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum in sexually active women attending public health clinics in Brazil.

Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum have been associated with genital infections. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ureaplasmas and other sexually transmitted infections in sexually active women from Brazil and relate these data to demographic and sexual health, and cytokines IL-6 and IL-1ß. Samples of cervical swab of 302 women were examined at the Family Health Units in Vitória da Conquista. The frequency of detection by conventional PCR was 76·2% for Mollicutes. In qPCR, the frequency found was 16·6% for U. urealyticum and 60·6% U. parvum and the bacterial load of these microorganisms was not significantly associated with signs and symptoms of genital infection. The frequency found for Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis and Chlamydia trachomatis was 3·0%, 21·5%, 42·4% and 1·7%, respectively. Higher levels of IL-1ß were associated with control women colonized by U. urealyticum and U. parvum. Increased levels of IL-6 were associated with women who exhibited U. parvum. Sexually active women, with more than one sexual partner in the last 3 months, living in a rural area were associated with increased odds of certain U. parvum serovar infection.

Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets versus delayed implants into healed sockets: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the survival rate of the implants and the peri-implant tissue changes associated with implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets and those inserted in healed sockets. This review has been registered at PROSPERO under the number CRD42016043309. A systematic search was conducted by two reviewers independently in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using different search terms; articles published until November 2016 were searched for. The searches identified 30 eligible studies. A total of 3,049 implants were installed in a total of 1,435 patients with a mean age of 46.68 years and a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. The survival rate of delayed implants (98.38%) was significantly greater than immediate implants (95.21%) (p=.001). For the marginal bone loss (p=.32), implant stability quotients values (p=.44), and pocket probing depth (p=.94) there was no significant difference between the analysed groups. The immediate implants placed in fresh sockets should be performed with caution because of the significantly lower survival rates than delayed implants inserted in healed sockets.