RESUMO
The activity of heat treatments for controlling tomato black mould caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. Pers. wWas tested. Spore suspension of the grey mold pathogen which was exposed to hot water treatment at 58 degrees C for 6 min., failed to germinate, whereas A. alternata failed to germinate when exposed to hot water at 58 degrees C, for 8 min. Exposing discs bearing growth of any both tested fungi to hot air at 48 degrees C for 72 h caused growth suppression for the both tested pathogens. Dipping tomato fruits in hot water at 58 degrees C for 8 min or keeping in hot air for 72 h at 40 degrees C prevented decay development in non inoculated or artificially inoculated fruits with A. alternata and B. cinerea up to 12 days when stored at 24 degrees C. The high amount of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinmethylestrase (BME) enzymes were investigated in infected fruits by the two tested pathogens as compared by healthy ones. The culture filtrate of A. alternata had the highest protease activity, white B. cinerea was the lowest. Protease activity was higher when CD liquid medium contain casein was used.
Assuntos
Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/enzimologia , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Alternaria/química , Alternaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Botrytis/química , Botrytis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Frutas/química , Frutas/enzimologia , Frutas/microbiologia , Temperatura Alta , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Poligalacturonase/metabolismo , Esporos Fúngicos/química , Esporos Fúngicos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , beta-Glucosidase/metabolismoRESUMO
We describe the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of five individuals with a ring X chromosome. All subjects had a small active (early replicating) ring X chromosome. The X inactive specific transcript (XIST) locus was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) to be present in all ring X chromosomes. Mental retardation was present in four individuals. All patients with or without mental retardation had a characteristic profile of aggression toward self and others, episodes of screaming, attentional problems, and impulsiveness. Autistic-like features were also present in all individuals and included limited communication, obsessive compulsive behavior, and social difficulties. In some cases the obsessive behavior was extreme and incapacitating. This characteristic behavioral profile may aid the diagnosis and future understanding of ring X.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Comunicação/genética , Transtornos Mentais/genética , Cromossomos em Anel , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/genética , Síndrome de Turner/genética , Cromossomo X , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno Autístico/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cariotipagem , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/genéticaAssuntos
Identidade de Gênero , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , Desenvolvimento Psicossexual , Síndrome de Turner/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Inteligência/genética , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Determinação da Personalidade , Fenótipo , Síndrome de Turner/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Turner/genéticaRESUMO
Of 396 patients with posttraumatic posterior urethral strictures treated endoscopically during 10 years 352 had no vesical displacement (group 1) and 44 had marked displacement (group 2). Group 1 patients were treated by suprapubic diversion and delayed optical urethrotomy. Exploration and railroad alignment to the urethra were done in group 2 and followup internal urethrotomy was performed in 33 patients. Eleven patients in group 2 and 68 in group 1 were considered failures due to complete short segment urethral obliteration. These 79 patients who failed initial visual urethrotomy underwent endoscopic resection of the stricture, that is core through optical urethrotomy. After 6 to 55 months (average 2 years) 46 patients (58.2%) were voiding satisfactorily (4 had stress incontinence). The 33 patients (41.8%) with failed minor or major endoscopic treatment due to persistent obstruction were treated with open urethroplasty. We conclude that posttraumatic posterior urethral obliteration can be treated by simple or major endoscopic techniques and that core through optical urethrotomy is a reasonable alternative to urethroplasty in patients with an impassable short stricture.
Assuntos
Uretra/lesões , Uretra/cirurgia , Endoscopia , Disfunção Erétil/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Métodos , Estreitamento Uretral/cirurgiaRESUMO
Twenty-nine patients with fracture of the penis were treated between January 1983 and January 1987. The mean age was 26 years (range 18-61 years) and 25 of them (86.2 per cent) were single. The first four patients were managed conservatively with bad results in three cases. Immediate exploration with repair of the tear of the tunica albuginea was carried out in 25 patients, who all had excellent results with retained potency and only mild pain during early intercourse that disappeared within the first 4 months. Urethral injury in association with fracture of the penis was not seen in this series. In view of the good results we recommend immediate surgical repair in cases of fracture of the penis.
