Cyclic additional optical true time delay for microwave beam steering with spectral filtering.

Optical true time delay (OTTD) is an attractive way to realize microwave beam steering (MBS) due to its inherent features of broadband, low-loss, and compactness. In this Letter, we propose a novel OTTD approach named cyclic additional optical true time delay (CAO-TTD). It applies additional integer delays of the microwave carrier frequency to achieve spectral filtering but without disturbing the spatial filtering (beam steering). Based on such concept, a broadband MBS scheme for high-capacity wireless communication is proposed, which allows the tuning of both spectral filtering and spatial filtering. The experimental results match well with the theoretical analysis.

Phase modulation parallel optical delay detector for microwave angle-of-arrival measurement with accuracy monitored.

A novel phase modulation parallel optical delay detector is proposed for microwave angle-of-arrival measurement with accuracy monitored by using only one dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator. A theoretical model is built up to analyze the proposed system including measurement accuracy monitoring. The spatial delay measurement is translated into the phase shift between two replicas of a microwave signal. Thanks to the accuracy monitoring, the phase shifts from 5° to 165° are measured with less than 3.1° measurement error.

Synchronized signaling delivery for broadband 60 GHz in-building optical wireless network based on digital frequency division multiplexing and digital Nyquist shaping.

A simple and low-cost synchronized signaling delivery scheme has been proposed for a 60 GHz in-building optical wireless network with 12.7Gbps throughput based on digital frequency division multiplexing and digital Nyquist shaping.

Cost optimization of optical in-building networks.

Optical fiber-based in-building network solutions can outperform in the near future copper- and radio-based solutions both regarding performance and costs. POF solutions are maturing, and can already today be cheaper than Cat-5e solutions when ducts are shared with electricity power cabling. We compare the CapEx and OpEx of in-building networks for fiber and Cat-5E solutions. For residential homes, our analysis shows that total network costs during economic lifetime are lowest for a point-to-point duplex POF topology.

Record high-speed short-range transmission over 1 mm core diameter POF employing DMT modulation.

We report multigigabit/second transmission capacity in 1 mm core diameter graded index plastic optical fiber (POF) exploiting off-the-shelf low-cost components and discrete multitone (DMT) modulation. Transmission capacities of 10.1 Gbits/s x 15 m and 12.7 Gbits/s x 3 m are achieved for average bit-error rates less than 10(-3).

[Listeria arthritis in chronic polyarthritis during low dose prednisolone and methotrexate therapy. Case report and review of the literature]. / Listerienarthritis bei chronischer Polyarthritis unter Low-dose-Prednisolon- und Methotrexat-Therapie. Kasuistik und Literaturübersicht.

We report about a patient with polyarticular rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexat and 5 mg prednisolone who developed in the course of a RA flare a septic arthritis in the right shoulder. Listeria monocytogenes could be identified as the causative bacteria. Clinically, the Listeria-induced septic arthritis could not be differentiated from rheumatoid arthritis; fever was not present. The synovial analysis showed a granulocytic effusion with 19,000 cells/ml; there was no microbiological growth within the first 24 hours. Only the low glucose level indicated a possible septic arthritis. After 48 hours, gram-positive bacterial growth was evident and Listeria monocytogenes could be isolated after 72 hours. Therapy was initiated by antibiotic treatment and arthrotomy with synovectomy followed by extensive irrigation which proved effective in bacterial elimination but joint destruction resulted. During the whole course, Listeria antibodies were negative and proved to be too insensitive. The incidence of Listeria-induced arthritis is very low; a review of the literature revealed only 24 reported cases. It occurs primarily in patients with rheumatic diseases under immunosuppression and in prosthetic joints. The diagnosis is based on cultural detection. It is important to cultivate synovial effusions for longer than 24 hours in order to identify Listeria. This is of relevance since Listeria serology is not sensitive.