Trends in quality of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma care: is it getting better?

This study outlines trends in quality of delivered non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) care in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2011 and to what extend this was influenced by the national Visible Care program, which aimed at increasing transparency by providing insight into the quality of healthcare. We analyzed data collected from medical records in two observational studies, combined into 20 validated quality indicators (QIs) of which 6 were included in the national program. A random sample of 771 patients, diagnosed with NHL in 26 Dutch hospitals, was examined. Multilevel regression analyses were used to assess differences in quality of NHL care and to provide insight into the effect of the national program. We reported improved adherence to only 3 out of 6 QIs involved in the national program and none of the other 14 validated QIs. Improvement was shown for performance of all recommended staging techniques (from 26 to 43 %), assessment of International Prognostic Index (from 21 to 43 %), and multidisciplinary discussion of patients (from 23 to 41 %). We found limited improvement in quality of NHL care between 2007 and 2011; improvement potential (<80 % adherence) was still present for 13 QIs. The national program seems to have a small positive effect, but has not influenced all 20 indicators which represent the most important, measurable parts in quality of NHL care. These results illustrate the need for tailored implementation and quality improvement initiatives.

Delivering high-quality care to patients with a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: barriers perceived by patients and physicians.

BACKGROUND: Despite the presence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) guidelines, there are still gaps between best evidence as described in guidelines and quality of care in daily practice. Little is known about factors that affect this discrepancy. We aim to identify barriers that influence the delivery of care and to explore differences between patients' and physicians' experiences, as well as between the different disciplines involved. METHODS: Patients and physicians involved in NHL care were interviewed about their experiences with NHL care. The barriers identified in these interviews were quantified in a web-based survey. Differences were tested using Chi-square tests. RESULTS: Barriers frequently perceived by patients concerned lack of patient information and emphatic contact (12-43%), long waiting times (19-35%) and lack of guidance and support (39%). Most barriers mentioned by physicians concerned the unavailability of the guideline (32%), lack of an up-to-date guideline (66%), lack of standardised forms for diagnostics (56-70%) and of multidisciplinary meetings (56%). Perceived barriers concerning the guideline and standardised forms significantly varied between the disciplines involved (range 14-84%, p.

Intracranial radiosurgery in the Netherlands. A planning comparison of available systems with regard to physical aspects and workload.

Different planning and treatment systems for intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery available in the Netherlands are compared. The systems for intracranial radiosurgery include: Gamma Knife, Cyberknife, Novalis, and Tomotherapy. Electronic data of 5 patients was transferred to all participating centres and treatment plans were generated according to 2 different prescription protocols. For this study, plans were also generated for a conventional linac. Even systems with a high resolution (Gammaknife and Novalis) have conformity indices in violation with RTOG guidelines (CI > 2.5) when target volumes of <0.5 cc are treated. For medium sized targets (0.5-1 cc) all systems performed reasonably well, but for the different systems a large range of conformity indices was seen (1.1 to 3.7). The differences are partly system dependent but depend also on specific planning choices made. For larger target volumes (> 1 cc), all systems perform well. The workload of the different techniques was comparable although the treatment times were usually longer for Gamma Knife radiosurgery. We conclude that small targets should be treated by dedicated systems, larger volumes (> 0.5-1 cc) can also be treated using conventional treatment systems equipped with a MLC.

Unusual case of bifocal leptomeningeal melanocytoma in the posterior fossa with seeding in the spinal canal.

A 26-year-old man presented with signs of raised intracranial pressure. CT and MRI of the head demonstrated two separate lesions in the posterior fossa. The radiological differential diagnoses included multiple meningiomas, schwannomas, neurofibromas and subependymomas. Both lesions were surgically resected. Histopathological examination revealed localisations of a leptomeningeal melanocytoma. Leptomeningeal melanocytoma is a rare tumour of the central nervous system. Generally, it has a good prognosis if radical resection can be performed. In cases of subtotal resection, adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered. Local recurrences are common. Less frequently, leptomeningeal metastases and, on rare occasions, distant metastases or progression to malignant melanoma have been described. We describe an unusual case with multiple localisations of melanocytoma in the posterior fossa and spinal canal, with the emphasis being on the radiological findings and diagnosis of this rare tumour. After surgery of the brain, this patient was irradiated on the craniospinal axis.

[Temozolomide, an oral chemotherapeutic agent with potential severe toxicity]. / Temozolomide, een oraal chemotherapeuticum met soms ernstige toxiciteit.

Two patients, a 58-year-old man and a 55-year-old woman, both under treatment for glioblastoma multiforme, were admitted with fever and neutropenia a few weeks after starting to take the oncolytic agent temozolomide. The man died of a cerebral haemorrhage against a background of severe thrombocytopenia and febrile neutropenia, and the woman died of neutropenic sepsis. Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent that is considered to be a well-tolerated chemotherapeutic agent. It is important to be aware of the potentially life-threatening toxicity of every chemotherapeutic agent, including temozolomide. Therefore, temozolomide should be prescribed only by doctors with sufficient clinical experience with treatment by means of oncolytic agents, and with the recognition of the side effects and treatment of the complications of chemotherapy. In view of the multidisciplinary aspects of the treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme, treatment by a specialised team is preferable.

[The treatment of brain metastases]. / De behandeling van hersenmetastasen.

Patients with cancer have a 15 to 30% risk of developing symptomatic brain metastases. The prognosis is extremely poor then: the median survival period is less than one year. Treatment strategies aim to guarantee an optimal quality of life. Curative treatment can only be given in just a few unique cases. Besides the previous standard treatment of whole-brain radiotherapy, the efficacy of other treatment modalities as surgery, radiosurgery, and systemic chemotherapy has been demonstrated to have additional value for certain indications. Important factors that play a role in the decision to give a specific treatment are the age and performance status of the patient, the number of brain metastases and their location, the systemic tumour activity, and the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of the primary tumour. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to guarantee an optimal treatment plan.

Conformal photon-beam radiotherapy of prostate carcinoma.

Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is the recommended radiation technique for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. In the past decades, external beam irradiation procedures have evolved in the context of technical developments of radiation and imaging equipment. The article summarizes these developments and gives a definition of new techniques and their potential advantages over conventional irradiation. It is meant to provide urologists and medical and radiation oncologists with a better comprehension of modern radiation treatment of prostate cancer and its possible improvements in the future.