Canine hip extension range during gait.

Assessment of canine gait is frequently used by veterinary clinicians to establish the presence of orthopaedic pain. As up to 30% of canine orthopaedic conditions affect the pelvic limb, knowledge of pelvic limb biomechanics during gait is very important. Previous studies have investigated the biomechanics at the tarsus and stifle, but little information is available regarding hip motion during gait. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum hip extension range achieved during the stance phase of gait in normal canines. In addition, this study aimed to determine the difference between maximum passive hip extension and maximum hip extension during gait. Using a sample of 30 morphologically similar normal dogs, mean maximum passive hip extension was measured using a goniometer and mean maximum hip extension range during gait was determined videographically. Inter- and intra-assessor reliability studies performed at the start of the study showed that the measurement tools and techniques used in this study were valid and reliable. The goniometric data showed that mean maximum passive hip extension range was 162.44 degrees (+/-3.94) with no significant difference between the left and the right hind limbs. The videographic data showed that mean maximum hip extension range during gait was 119.9 degrees (+/-9.26) with no significant difference between the left and right hind limbs. The results of this study provided reference values for active and passive hip extension range and showed that the degree of hip extension range required for normal gait is significantly less than maximum passive hip extension range.

Attitudes of diploma-prepared and graduate registered nurses. Towards nursing models: a comparative study.

UNLABELLED: Currently, nursing theory is not a South African Nursing Council requirement for pre-registration nursing education curricula. AIM OF THE STUDY: to determine registered nurses' (RNs) attitudes towards nursing models. METHODOLOGY: replication of McKenna's (1994) 20-item Likert-type self-completion questionnaire with adaptations. RESEARCH SETTING: A 1,600-bedded State-funded academic hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. STUDY SUBJECTS: Two groups: RNs who had nursing degrees and RNs who had a traditional diploma training. FINDINGS: Results from the Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples indicates that at the 0.05 level of significance there was no difference in how each group of RNs responded to 19 statement items so there was not enough evidence to reject the Null Hypothesis for these statements (P < 0.05). However, as a group, the diploma-prepared RNs appeared to have a more positive attitude than the graduate RNs towards nursing models.