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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o dimorfismo sexual em uma coleção de mandíbulas portuguesas através de uma metodologia métrica digital, utilizando análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e multivariada para identificar quais parâmetros são mais dimórficos e quais são os melhores preditores de sexo. Trinta e três mandíbulas (14 mulheres e 19 homens) e pertences pessoais foram fotograficamente registrados com código e sexo. Os dados foram coletados por tomografia e as medidas foram feitas pelo software Simplant Pro. Foram registrados a largura máxima e mínima do ramo mandibular, altura condilar, altura do processo coronoide, altura da sínfise mandibular, ângulo mandibular, distâncias bimentual, biantegonial, bigonial e bicondilar e comprimento máximo mandibular. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando IBM® SPSS. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os seguintes parâmetros: altura do processo coronoide, altura do côndilo, comprimento máximo da mandíbula e largura mínima do ramo mandibular. Na análise estatística multivariada foi possível identificar a altura do processo coronoide como melhor preditor de sexo com precisão em 72,2% dos casos. Isto permite uma diferenciação mais fácil entre mandíbulas femininas e masculinas com uma precisão de 64,3% e 78,9%, respectivamente. Foi possível concluir que a altura do processo coronoide é o parâmetro mais dimórfico e o melhor preditor de sexo na amostra.
This study aimed to assess sex dimorphism in a collection of Portuguese mandibles through a digital metric methodology by using descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistical analysis to identify which parameters are the most dimorphic and which are the best sex predictors. Thirty-three mandibles (14 females and 19 males) and personal belongings were photographically registered with code and sex. Data was collected using tomography, and measurements were made using the Simplant Pro software. The maximum and minimum width of the mandibular ramus, condylar height, coronoid process height, mandibular symphysis height, mandibular angle, bi-mental, bi-antegonial, bi-gonial and bi-condylar distances, and maximal mandibular length were registered. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS. The results showed statistically significant differences for the following parameters: coronoid process height, condyle height, the maximum length of the mandible, and the minimum width of the mandibular ramus. In the multivariate statistical analysis, it was possible to identify the coronoid process height as the best sex predictor accurately in 72.2% of cases. This allows for easier differentiation between female and male mandibles with an accuracy of 64.3% and 78.9%, respectively. It was possible to conclude that the coronoid process height is the most dimorphic parameter and the best sex predictor in the sample.
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Brazilian Red Propolis is a resinous material produced by Apis mellifera bees through the collection of the exudates of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum, rich in flavonoids, and Symphonia globulifera and Clusia species, which are rich in polyprenylated benzophenones. More than 200 compounds, including flavonoids and polyprenylated benzophenones have been found in Brazilian red propolis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antiviral activity of an ethanolic extract of red propolis from Alagoas, Brazil, against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1). In the HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS analysis were detected flavanones, isoflavones, chalcones, pterocarpans and polyprenylated benzophenones. The measurement of antiviral activity of red propolis extract was performed by DNA quantification through quantitative real-time PCR assay and negative staining Electron Microscopy. The pretreatment, post-treatment, and virucide assays using ethanolic extract of red propolis with concentration of 8, 12, 24, 48, or 96 µg/mL, indicated an inhibition of the viral binding and viral entry into cells as well as the replication of HSV-1. In the electron microscopy imaging was observed the disruption of the viral membrane in the HSV-1 treated with red propolis, when compared with HSV-1 that was treated with phosphate buffered saline alone, indicating that ethanolic extract from red propolis can act directly on the viral envelope, through lipid membrane degradation and/or directly blocking the enriched proteins on the viral surface.
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Esta reflexão antropológica baseia-se em pesquisas realizadas com jovens de 13 a 25 anos de idade, que permanecem isolados no seu quarto. Sua imobilidade, que não se justifica por nenhuma deficiência física ou psicológica, questiona o lugar do corpo no momento da passagem para a vida adulta. Estes jovens expressam uma ausência de apetite do outro, que vai de mãos dadas com a abstinência sexual forçada pelo seu isolamento. A hipótese é que eles experimentam uma relação com seu corpo, sua identidade sexual -e sua sexualidade -assim como com a alimentação, comparável às adolescentes que sofrem de anorexia nervosa, mas ao contrário. Estes comportamentos questionam as relações de gênero e a distribuição de papéis dentro da família. Com base em entrevistas e observações, tanto em casa como nos centros de cuidados, este artigo mostra que estes corpos adolescentes, tornados invisíveis por confinamento ou magreza extrema, são paradoxalmente uma expressão ostensiva de despossessão de si. Um novo apetite é possível quando surge o desejo de diferenciação e permite-se novos encontros
Esta reflexión antropológica se basa en una investigación realizada con jóvenes, de 13 a 25 añosde edad, que están enclaustrados en su habitación. Su inmovilidad, que no se justifica por ningúna discapacidad física o psicológica, cuestiona el lugar del cuerpo en el momento del paso a la edad adulta. Estos jóvenes manifiestan una ausencia de apetito por los demás que va unida a la abstinencia sexual a la que les obliga su aislamiento. La hipótesis es que experimentan una relación con su cuerpo, su identidad sexual -y su sexualidad-así como con la comida, comparable a la de las adolescentes que sufren anorexia nerviosa, pero a la inversa. Estos comportamientos cuestionan las relaciones de género y el reparto de roles en la familia. Basándose en entrevistas y observaciones, tanto en el hogar como en los centros de atención, este artículo muestra que estos cuerpos adolescentes, invisibilizados por el confinamiento o la extrema delgadez, son paradójicamente una ostentosa expresión del desposeimieto de si. Un nuevo apetito es posible cuando surge el deseo de diferenciación y se permite nuevos encuentros
This anthropological reflection is based on research carried out with young boys, aged 13 to 25, who are cloistered in their room. Their immobility, which cannot be explained by any kind of physical or psychological disability, raises questions about the body's place at the time they are passing into adulthood. These young people express an absence of appetite for others that goes hand in hand with the sexual abstinence that their withdrawal forces them to have. The hypothesis is that they experience a relationship with their body, their sexual identity -and their sexuality -as well as with food, comparable to young girls suffering from anorexia nervosa but in reverse. These behaviours question gender relations and the distribution of roles within the family. Based on interviews and observations, both at home and in care facilities, this article shows that these adolescent bodies, made invisible by confinement or extreme thinness, are paradoxically an ostentatious expression of self-dispossession. A new appetite is possible when the desire for differentiation emerges and allows new encounters
Cette réflexion anthropologique s'appuie sur une recherche menée auprès de jeunes garçons, de 13 à 25 ans, cloîtrés dans leur chambre. Leur immobilité, que ne justifie aucun handicap physique ou psychique, interroge la place du corps au moment du passage à l'âge adulte. Ces jeunes expriment une absence d'appétit de l'autre qui va de pair avec l'abstinence sexuelle que leur retrait oblige. L'hypothèse émiseest qu'ils vivent un rapport au corps, à leur identité sexuelle -et à leur sexualité-ainsi qu'à l'alimentation, comparable aux jeunes filles souffrant d'anorexie mentale mais de manière inversée. Ces conduites interrogent les rapports de genre et la distribution des rôles au sein de la famille. À partir d'entretiens et d'observations, à domicile et dans des structures de soin, cet article montre que ces corps adolescents invisibilisés par l'enfermement ou l'extrême maigreur sont paradoxalement une expression ostentatoire d'une dépossession de soi. Un appétit nouveau est possible lorsque le désir de différenciation émerge et permet de nouvelles rencontres
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Sexualidade , Sexismo , Identidade de Gênero , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Características da Família , Adolescente , Relações FamiliaresRESUMO
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, mucocutaneous inflammatory disease of an unknown aetiology. The disease has been associated with certain viruses, and the factors such as DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) and PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) may also contribute to the inflammatory response in LP. HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1 protein) is one of the major DAMPs that induces inflammation and could trigger LP disease. The present study was aimed to examine TLR4, RAGE and HMGB1 production in epidermis or dermis by immunohistochemistry and the respective expression of these targets in the skin lesions of patients with LP. Moreover, we measured HMGB1 serum levels by ELISA. The results showed similar profile of expression by HMGB1 and TLR4, which are decreased at epidermis and up-regulated at dermis of skin lesions of LP patients that was sustained by intense cellular infiltration. RAGE expression was also increased in dermis of LP. Although there is increased RAGE protein levels, a decreased RAGE transcript levels was detected. Similar HMGB1 serum levels were detected in the LP and control groups. This study demonstrates that HMGB1 and TLR4 could contribute to the inflammatory LP process in skin.
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Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Líquen Plano/patologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Derme/patologia , Feminino , Proteína HMGB1/sangue , Humanos , Líquen Plano/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Influenza viruses cause worldwide outbreaks and pandemics in humans and animals every year with considerable morbidity and mortality. The molecular diversity of secondary metabolites extracted from mollusks is a good alternative for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds with unique structures and diverse biological activities. Phyllocaulis boraceiensis is a hermaphroditic slug that exudes mucus, in which was detected hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids that exhibited potent antiviral activity against measles virus. The objective of this study was to evaluate this property against Influenza viruses. Cell viability and toxicity of the mucus were evaluated on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells by MTT assay. Antiviral activity from mucus against influenza viruses was carried out by determination of the virus infection dose and by immunofluorescence assays. The crude mucus and its fractions exhibited low cytotoxicity on MDCK cells. A significant inhibition of viral replication, reduced by the order of eight times, was observed in influenza-induced cytopathic effect. In immunofluorescence assay was observed a decrease of more than 80% of the viral load on infected MDCK cell treated with mucus and its fractions. The viral glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase located on the surface of the virus are crucial for the replications and infectivity of the influenza virus. Some authors demonstrated that lipids, such as, polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibited multiple roles in antiviral innate and adaptive responses, control of inflammation, and in the development of antiviral therapeutics. As corroborated by other studies, hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids interfered with the binding of influenza virus on host cell receptor and reduced viral titers. The results obtained indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids from P. boraceiensis crude mucus and fractions 39 exerted antiviral activity against influenza virus.
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Antivirais/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/farmacologia , Gastrópodes/química , Muco/química , Orthomyxoviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antivirais/metabolismo , Cães , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismo , Gastrópodes/metabolismo , Humanos , Influenza Humana/virologia , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Muco/metabolismo , Orthomyxoviridae/fisiologiaRESUMO
The aims of this study were to investigate the human bocavirus (HBoV) frequency and genotypes in hospitalized children <5 years presenting acute respiratory infections (ARI) within the São Paulo metropolitan area. Nasopharyngeal samples from 300 patients, previously screened for common respiratory viruses, were tested by qPCR for the NSP1 and NP-1 genes. The VP1/2 gene in positive samples was then amplified by PCR and sequenced. A total of 49 positive HBoV cases (16.3%; mean Ct value of 34.41) were detected with the mean age being 18.1 months (range 1 month to 5 years) and the median age being 1 year of age. Children aged between 0 and 12 months had higher detection rates of HBoV (69.4%; 34/49; mean Ct = 34.45) than children from other age groups (30.6%; 15/49; mean Ct = 34.34). No significant differences were observed between HBoV Ct levels and clinical illness. The occurrence was more frequently associated with fall (38.8%; 19/49) and spring (36.7%; 18/49). All 12 sequenced isolates were identified as HBoV-1, displaying minor genetic variation compared to the Swedish reference strains ST1 and ST2 (99.1-99.7% nt). The sole identification of HBoV-1 supports the hypothesis that this particular genotype is strongly related to ARI, and contributes to the role of this virus in the aetiology of respiratory diseases.
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Bocavirus Humano/genética , Bocavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Doença Aguda/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA Viral/genética , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Bocavirus Humano/fisiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nasofaringe/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND A number of Zika virus (ZIKV) sequences were obtained using Next-generation sequencing (NGS), a methodology widely applied in genetic diversity studies and virome discovery. However Sanger method is still a robust, affordable, rapid and specific tool to obtain valuable sequences. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a simple and robust Sanger sequencing protocol targeting ZIKV relevant genetic regions, as envelope protein and nonstructural protein 5 (NS5). In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the ZIKV strains obtained using the present protocol and their comparison with previously published NGS sequences were also carried out. METHODS Six Vero cells isolates from serum and one urine sample were available to develop the procedure. Primer sets were designed in order to conduct a nested RT-PCR and a Sanger sequencing protocols. Bayesian analysis was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. FINDINGS Seven complete ZIKV envelope protein (1,571 kb) and six partial NS5 (0,798 Kb) were obtained using the protocol, with no amplification of NS5 gene from urine sample. Two NS5 sequences presented ambiguities at positions 495 and 196. Nucleotide analysis of a Sanger sequence and consensus sequence of previously NGS study revealed 100% identity. ZIKV strains described here clustered within the Asian lineage. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The present study provided a simple and low-cost Sanger protocol to sequence relevant genes of the ZIKV genome. The identity of Sanger generated sequences with published consensus NGS support the use of Sanger method for ZIKV population studies. The regions evaluated were able to provide robust phylogenetic signals and may be used to conduct molecular epidemiological studies and monitor viral evolution.
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RNA Viral/genética , Genoma Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Zika virus/genética , Filogenia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Varicella vaccine was introduced into the Brazilian Immunization Program in October 2013, as a single-dose schedule administered at 15â¯months of age. Its effectiveness had not yet been assessed in the country. METHODS: A matched case-control study was carried out in São Paulo and Goiânia (Southeast and Midwest regions, respectively), Brazil. Suspected cases, were identified through a prospective surveillance established in the study sites. All cases had specimens from skin lesion collected for molecular laboratory testing. Cases were confirmed by either clinical or PCR of skin lesions and classified as mild, moderate, and severe disease. Two neighborhood controls were selected for each case. Cases and controls were aged 15-32â¯months and interviewed at home. Evidence of prior vaccination was obtained from vaccination cards. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used, and odds ratio and its respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated by comparing de odds of having received varicella vaccine among cases and controls. RESULTS: A total of 168 cases and 301 controls were enrolled. Moderate and severe illness, was found in 33.3% and 9.9% of the cases. Effectiveness of a single dose varicella vaccine was 86% (95%CI 72-92%) against disease of any severity and 93% (95%CI 82-97%) against moderate and severe disease. Out of 168 cases, 81.8% had positive PCR results for wild-type strains, and 22.0% were breakthrough varicella cases. Breakthrough cases were milder compared to non-breakthrough cases (pâ¯<â¯.001). CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness of single dose varicella vaccine in Brazil is comparable to that in other countries where breakthrough varicella cases have also been found to occur. The goal of the varicella vaccination program, along with disease burden and affordability should be taken into consideration when considering the adoption of a second dose of varicella vaccine into national immunization programs.
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Vacina contra Varicela/imunologia , Varicela/epidemiologia , Varicela/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Varicela/diagnóstico , Vacina contra Varicela/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Vacinação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A number of Zika virus (ZIKV) sequences were obtained using Next-generation sequencing (NGS), a methodology widely applied in genetic diversity studies and virome discovery. However Sanger method is still a robust, affordable, rapid and specific tool to obtain valuable sequences. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a simple and robust Sanger sequencing protocol targeting ZIKV relevant genetic regions, as envelope protein and nonstructural protein 5 (NS5). In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the ZIKV strains obtained using the present protocol and their comparison with previously published NGS sequences were also carried out. METHODS: Six Vero cells isolates from serum and one urine sample were available to develop the procedure. Primer sets were designed in order to conduct a nested RT-PCR and a Sanger sequencing protocols. Bayesian analysis was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. FINDINGS: Seven complete ZIKV envelope protein (1,571 kb) and six partial NS5 (0,798 Kb) were obtained using the protocol, with no amplification of NS5 gene from urine sample. Two NS5 sequences presented ambiguities at positions 495 and 196. Nucleotide analysis of a Sanger sequence and consensus sequence of previously NGS study revealed 100% identity. ZIKV strains described here clustered within the Asian lineage. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The present study provided a simple and low-cost Sanger protocol to sequence relevant genes of the ZIKV genome. The identity of Sanger generated sequences with published consensus NGS support the use of Sanger method for ZIKV population studies. The regions evaluated were able to provide robust phylogenetic signals and may be used to conduct molecular epidemiological studies and monitor viral evolution.
Assuntos
Genoma Viral/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , RNA Viral/genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Zika virus/genética , Teorema de Bayes , Humanos , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The search for functional foods, which possess bioactive substances, is a new trend for the obtention of alternative and more effective treatments of many diseases with fewer side effects. Geopropolis, elaborated by stingless bees, is a mixture of plant resin sources, wax and soil. In the geopropolis from Scaptotrigona affinis postica (Latreille, 1807), (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) was not observed the presence of soil. In a previous study, the extract of geopropolis provided by the beekeeper, from S. postica of Barra do Corda, Maranhão State, exhibited potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus. In this study, the propolis extract was prepared experimentally and characterized by RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of an experimentally prepared geopropolis extract from S. postica against Rubella Virus infected Statens Serum Institute Rabbit Cornea (SIRC) cells. Rubella virus infection of susceptible women during the first trimester of pregnancy, often results in a combination of birth defects in newborns. There is not an effective treatment for rubella virus infection. Different protocols were carried out to evaluate, the antiviral effect of geopropolis extract on the viral replication of infectious RV. Cell viability and cell proliferation assays indicated that this geopropolis was not toxic to cultured SIRC cells. In the viral binding assay, antiviral assay, real-time PCR, and transmission electron microscopy, was observed that different concentrations of geopropolis (17, 34 and 68 µg/mL) was able to inhibit the binding of virions to the cell receptor and the production of infectious RV particles in post treated and pre treated infected SIRC cells. The antiviral activity could to be attributed to the high contents of the apigenin derivatives, vicenin-2 and schaftoside. As far as we know, this is the first report about the antiviral activity of geopropolis from Scaptotrigona postica against a Togaviridae virus.
RESUMO
Influenza viruses cause worldwide outbreaks and pandemics in humans and animals every year with considerable morbidity and mortality. The molecular diversity of secondary metabolites extracted from mollusks is a good alternative for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds with unique structures and diverse biological activities. Phyllocaulis boraceiensis is a hermaphroditic slug that exudes mucus, in which was detected hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids that exhibited potent antiviral activity against measles virus. The objective of this study was to evaluate this property against Influenza viruses. Cell viability and toxicity of the mucus were evaluated on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells by MTT assay. Antiviral activity from mucus against influenza viruses was carried out by determination of the virus infection dose and by immunofluorescence assays. The crude mucus and its fractions exhibited low cytotoxicity on MDCK cells. A significant inhibition of viral replication, reduced by the order of eight times, was observed in influenza-induced cytopathic effect. In immunofluorescence assay was observed a decrease of more than 80% of the viral load on infected MDCK cell treated with mucus and its fractions. The viral glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase located on the surface of the virus are crucial for the replications and infectivity of the influenza virus. Some authors demonstrated that lipids, such as, polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibited multiple roles in antiviral innate and adaptive responses, control of inflammation, and in the development of antiviral therapeutics. As corroborated by other studies, hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids interfered with the binding of influenza virus on host cell receptor and reduced viral titers. The results obtained indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids from P. boraceiensis crude mucus and fractions 39 exerted antiviral activity against influenza virus.
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INTRODUCTION:: Virus surveillance strategies and genetic characterization of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) are important tools for regional and global control of viral outbreak. In São Paulo, Brazil, we performed a study of B19V by monitoring the spread of this virus, which is an infectious agent and could be mistakenly reported as a rash and other types of infection. METHOD:: Serum samples were subjected to enzyme immunoassay, real time polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. RESULTS:: From the 462 patients with suspected cases of exanthematic infections, the results of the 164 serum samples were positive for B19V immunoglobulin M. Among these cases, there were 38 patients with erythema infections and B19-associated with other infections such as encephalitis, hydrops fetalis, chronic anemia, hematological malignancies. These samples were sequenced and identified as genotype 1. CONCLUSION:: This study showed patients with infections caused by B19V and sequencing genotype 1. Continuous monitoring is necessary to detect all known genotypes, and the emergence of new genotypes of these viruses for case management in public health control activities.
Assuntos
Eritema Infeccioso/virologia , Genótipo , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Parvovirus B19 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia/virologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA Viral/sangue , Eritema Infeccioso/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hidropisia Fetal/virologia , Imunoensaio , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Summary Introduction: Virus surveillance strategies and genetic characterization of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) are important tools for regional and global control of viral outbreak. In São Paulo, Brazil, we performed a study of B19V by monitoring the spread of this virus, which is an infectious agent and could be mistakenly reported as a rash and other types of infection. Method: Serum samples were subjected to enzyme immunoassay, real time polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. Results: From the 462 patients with suspected cases of exanthematic infections, the results of the 164 serum samples were positive for B19V immunoglobulin M. Among these cases, there were 38 patients with erythema infections and B19-associated with other infections such as encephalitis, hydrops fetalis, chronic anemia, hematological malignancies. These samples were sequenced and identified as genotype 1. Conclusion: This study showed patients with infections caused by B19V and sequencing genotype 1. Continuous monitoring is necessary to detect all known genotypes, and the emergence of new genotypes of these viruses for case management in public health control activities.
Resumo Introdução: Estratégias de vigilância para o parvovírus humano B19 e caracterização genética são ferramentas importantes para o controle regional e global do surto viral. Em São Paulo, Brasil, foi realizado um estudo de parvovírus B19, monitorando a disseminação desse vírus, que é um agente infeccioso e poderia ser erroneamente relatado como uma erupção cutânea e outros tipos de infecções. Método: As amostras de soro foram submetidas ao ensaio imunoenzimático, PCR quantitativo em tempo real e sequenciamento. Resultados: Dos 462 pacientes com casos suspeitos de infecções exantemáticas, os resultados das 164 amostras de soro foram positivos para parvovírus B19 imunoglobulina M. Entre eles, 38 pacientes com eritema infeccioso apresentaram B19 associado com outras infecções, como encefalite, hidropisia fetal, anemia crônica, doenças hematológicas malignas. Essas amostras foram sequenciadas e identificadas como genótipo 1. Conclusão: Os pacientes foram infectados com parvovírus B19 e apresentaram genótipo 1. Monitoração contínua é necessária para detectar todos os genótipos conhecidos e o surgimento de novos genótipos para o controle de casos em saúde pública.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Parvovirus B19 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Eritema Infeccioso/virologia , Genótipo , Brasil , DNA Viral/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoensaio , Hidropisia Fetal/virologia , Vigilância da População , Eritema Infeccioso/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Anemia/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangueRESUMO
The studies on chemical composition and biological activity of propolis had focused mainly on species Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). There are few studies about the uncommon propolis collected by stingless bees of the Meliponini tribe known as geopropolis. The geopropolis from Scaptotrigona postica was collected in the region of Barra do Corda, Maranhão state, Brazil. The chemical analysis of hydromethanolic extract of this geopropolis (HMG) was carried out through HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and the main constituents found were pyrrolizidine alkaloids and C-glycosyl flavones. The presence of alkaloids in extracts of propolis is detected for the first time in this sample. The antiviral activity of HMG was evaluated through viral DNA quantification experiments and electron microscopy experiments. Quantification of viral DNA from herpes virus showed reduction of about 98% in all conditions and concentration tested of the HMG extract. The results obtained were corroborated by transmission electron microscopy, in which the images did not show particle or viral replication complex. The antiviral activity of C-glycosyl flavones was reported for a variety of viruses, being observed at different points in the viral replication. This work is the first report about the antiviral activity of geopropolis from Scaptotrigona postica, in vitro, against antiherpes simplex virus (HSV).
RESUMO
This study presents a new recombinant protein that acts as a powerful antiviral (rAVLO-recombinant Antiviral protein of Lonomia obliqua). It was able to reduce the replication by 10(6) fold for herpes virus and by 10(4) fold for rubella virus. RT-PCR of viral RNA rAVLO treated infected cells also showed similar rate of inhibition in replication. The analysis of this protein by bioinformatics suggests that this protein is globular, secreted with a signal peptide and has the ability to bind to MHC class I. It was found that there are several protein binding sites with various HLA and a prevalence of α-helices in the N-terminal region (overall classified as a α/ß protein type). BLAST similarity sequence search for corresponding cDNA did not reveal a similar sequence in Genbank, suggesting that it is from a novel protein family. In this study we have observed that this recombinant protein and hemolymph has a potent antiviral action. This protein was produced in a baculovirus/Sf-9 system. Therefore, these analyses suggest that this novel polypeptide is a candidate as a broad spectrum antiviral.
RESUMO
Objective: rubella during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Samples collected from pregnant women with symptoms and suspected of congenital rubella infection between 1996 and 2008 were analyzed. Methods: a total of 23 amniotic fluid samples, 16 fetal blood samples, 1 product of conception and 1 placenta were analyzed by serology and RT-PCR. Results: all patients presented positive serology for IgG / IgM antibodies to rubella virus. Among neonates, 16 were IgG-positive, 9 were IgM-positive and 4 were negative for both antibodies. Of the 25 samples analyzed in this study, 24 were positive by RT-PCR. Changes in ultrasound were found in 15 (60%) of 25 fetuses infected with rubella virus. Fetal death and miscarriage were reported in 10 (40%) of the 25 cases analyzed. The rubella virus was amplified by PCR in all fetuses with abnormal ultrasound compatible with rubella. Fetal death and abortion were reported in 10 of 25 cases analyzed. Conclusion: this study, based on primary maternal rubella infection definitely confirms the good sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR using amniotic fluid and ultrasound. The results showed that molecular assays are important tools in the early diagnosis of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. .
Objetivo: a rubéola, durante os primeiros estágios da gravidez, pode levar a graves defeitos congênitos, conhecidos como síndrome da rubéola congênita (SRC). Amostras de gestantes com sintomas e suspeitas da rubéola congênita foram coletadas entre 1996 e 2008. Métodos: um total de 23 amostras de fluido amniótico, 16 amostras de sangue fetal, um produto da concepção e uma placenta foram analisados por sorologia e PCR. Resultados: todas as gestantes apresentaram sorologia positiva para IgG/IgM para o vírus da rubéola. Entre os recém-nascidos, 14 apresentaram anticorpos IgG positivos e 11 foram os anticorpos IgM positivos. Das 25 amostras analisadas neste estudo, 24 eram positivas por RT-PCR. Alterações na ultrassonografia foram encontradas em 15 (60%) dos 25 fetos infectados com o vírus da rubéola. Morte fetal e aborto espontâneo foram reportados em 10 (40%) dos 25 casos analisados. O vírus da rubéola foi amplificado por PCR em todos os fetos que apresentaram alterações na ultrassonografia, compatíveis com a rubéola. Morte fetal e aborto foram relatados em 10 dos 25 casos analisados. Conclusão: os resultados mostraram que os ensaios moleculares são ferramentas importantes para o diagnóstico precoce da rubéola e da síndrome da rubéola congênita. .
Assuntos
Falência Hepática Aguda/etiologia , Falência Hepática Aguda/patologia , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/complicações , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/diagnóstico , Brasil , Criança , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fígado/patologia , Microscopia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/análiseRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to identify the rubella virus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) genotypes detected during the Epidemiological Surveillance on Exanthematic Febrile Diseases (VIGIFEX) study and to perform phylogenetic analysis. Ten RV- and four EV-positive oropharyngeal samples isolated from cell culture were subjected to RT-PCR and sequencing. Genotype 1G and echovirus 9 (E-9) was identified in RV- and EV-positive samples, respectively. The RV 1G genotype has been persisting in Brazil since 2000-2001. No evidence of E-9 being involved in exanthematic illness in Brazil has been reported previously. Differential laboratory diagnosis is essential for management of rash and fever disease.
Assuntos
Echovirus 9/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Echovirus/epidemiologia , Vírus da Rubéola/isolamento & purificação , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Echovirus 9/classificação , Echovirus 9/genética , Infecções por Echovirus/virologia , Genótipo , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Orofaringe/virologia , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/virologia , Vírus da Rubéola/classificação , Vírus da Rubéola/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). This retrospective study was conducted between 1996 and 2009 with surveillance specimens collected from patients suspected of congenital rubella infection (CRI) and CRS. The clinical samples (nine amminiotic fluid, eight urine, eight blood, one conception product, and one placenta) were sent for viral isolation and genotyping. Twenty-seven sequences were analysed and four genotypes (1a, 1B, 1G, and 2B) were identified in São Paulo that were involved in congenital infection. To our knowledge, this study is the first report that describes genetic diversity of the circulating rubella strains involved in CRI.