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1.
Plant Dis ; 107(5): 1310-1315, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36324201

RESUMO

Alternaria leaf blight and head rot is an important disease of broccoli and other cole crops. With no resistant host varieties, fungicides are utilized to manage this disease. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that, in southeastern U.S. broccoli-producing states, there is a loss of disease control through the use of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. To understand why there is a reduced sensitivity to QoI fungicides in these states, we isolated Alternaria spp. from symptomatic lesions on cole crops from Georgia and Virginia (two states with observations of loss of fungicide sensitivity) as well as New York (a state with no observations of loss of fungicide sensitivity). Using multilocus sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, we identified two species, Alternaria brassicicola and A. japonica. Whereas A. brassicicola was isolated in all states, A. japonica was only isolated in Georgia. Next, we wanted to determine the sensitivity of these isolates to azoxystrobin-an active ingredient in some QoI fungicides-by estimating the effective concentration at which only 50% of spores germinate (EC50). The EC50 of A. brassicicola ranged from 0.01 to 0.17 ppm, whereas that of A. japonica was 8.1 to 28.1 ppm. None of the known target-site mutations that confer resistance to QoI fungicides were identified during screening of either species. A. japonica was first reported on the east coast of the United States in 2020 in South Carolina. The substantially higher EC50 value suggests that its emergence in the southeastern United States may play at least a part in the observed loss of disease control. However, further in planta and field studies are needed to thoroughly test this hypothesis.


Assuntos
Fungicidas Industriais , Estados Unidos , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Alternaria/genética , Filogenia , New York , Georgia
2.
Metabolites ; 12(10)2022 Oct 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36295883

RESUMO

The mechanism of action of Ardisia japonica in the treatment of immune liver injury was systematically analyzed from the perspective of the biological metabolic network by using non-targeted metabolomics combined with biological network analysis tools. A rat model of acute immune hepatic injury was established by Concanavalin A (Con A) and the efficacy of the treatment of acute immune liver injury was judged by gavage of A. japonica. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based plasma metabolomics was used to identify the key metabolites and metabolic pathways for the hepatoprotective effects of A. japonica. The results demonstrated that A. japonica reduced the levels of inflammatory parameters, decreased hepatic malondialdehyde levels, and enhanced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in animal experiments. The clustering of metabolomic samples showed significant separation in principal component analysis plots and the three groups in PLS-DA and OPLS-DA models could be clearly distinguished in multivariate statistical analysis. Among the 937 total metabolites, 445 metabolites were significantly different between the control and model groups, while 144 metabolites were identified as metabolites with differences between the model and administration groups, and a total of 39 differential metabolites were identified to affect the metabolic levels of the three groups. The differential metabolites were principally involved in the citric acid cycle, glutathione metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. This study found that A. japonica can significantly inhibit acute liver injury in rats, and exert a hepatoprotective effect through anti-inflammatory effect, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, improvement of the antioxidant defense system, and regulation of metabolites and related metabolic pathways. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of A. japonica in the treatment of the liver injury.

3.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-801781

RESUMO

Objective: To identify the genetic relationship of cultivated and wild Atractylodes and its closely related species by using the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2(ITS2)barcode,in order to explore the cultivation origin of A. coreana from Northeast China. Method: Genomic DNAs were extracted from 40 samples of Atractylodes and its closely related species from different cultivated habitats,and 7 samples of wild A. coreana. were also extracted. The ITS2 sequences of these samples were amplified, and bidirectional sequencing was conducted by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Totally 47 ITS2 sequences were aligned by using MEGA 5.0,5.8S and 28S sequences were removed to obtain the complete ITS2 sequence and build neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Result: The lengths of ITS2 sequences of all samples were 232 bp. The NJ tree and the secondary structures of ITS2 showed that various varieties could be distinguished obviously except A. chinesis and A. coreana,which showed a good monophyly. The NJ tree showed that cultivated and wild A. coreana can also get together very well. Conclusion: As a DNA barcode,ITS2 sequences can be used to stably and accurately distinguish various varieties of Atractylodes. The relationship between A. chinesis and A. coreana is very close. A. coreana can be considered as a variant of A. coreana in North China. It is recommended to incorporate A. coreana into A. chinesis. The large-scale cultivation of A. coreana may originate from local wild population in Liaoning province,and the provenance may come from Xiuyan and other places in Liaoning province.

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