[Efficacy and safety of antifibrinolytics in oncological surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis]. / Eficácia e segurança de antifibrinolíticos em cirurgia oncológica: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The administration of antifibrinolytics has been shown to be effective in reducing blood loss and the need for transfusions in surgeries. However, few studies have evaluated these drugs in cancer surgery. The objective was to review the efficacy and safety of the treatment with antifibrinolytics in patients who underwent oncologic surgeries. CONTENTS: An electronic bibliographic research was conducted in PubMed, OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO and in the Cochrane Library data basis in order to identify randomized clinical trials performed in any type of oncologic surgery. The data evaluated were blood loss, need for transfusion and incidence of arteriovenous thromboembolism. Five randomized controlled trials evaluating 838 patients met the inclusion requirements. In the analysis of the incidence of thromboembolic events in the five RCTs, there was no statistically significant difference between the administration of tranexamic acid when compared with the placebo (OR=0.36, 95% IC: 0.11-1.19, p=0.09, I2=0%). However, when total estimated blood loss and need for blood transfusion are analyzed, the use of tranexamic acid was associated with a significant reduction over placebo (MD=-135.79, 95% CI: -179.50 to -92.08, p<0.00001, I2=68%) and (OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.32-0.65, p<0.00001, I2=60%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found no evidence that the administration of antifibrinolytics increases the risk of thromboembolic complications in patients submitted to oncologic surgery, and has shown evidence that it is effective in reducing total perioperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion.

Efficacy and safety of antifibrinolytics in oncological surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Eficácia e segurança de antifibrinolíticos em cirurgia oncológica: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract Background and objectives: The administration of antifibrinolytics has been shown to be effective in reducing blood loss and the need for transfusions in surgeries. However, few studies have evaluated these drugs in cancer surgery. The objective was to review the efficacy and safety of the treatment with antifibrinolytics in patients who underwent oncologic surgeries. Contents: An electronic bibliographic research was conducted in PubMed, OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO and in the Cochrane Library data basis in order to identify randomized clinical trials performed in any type of oncologic surgery. The data evaluated were blood loss, need for transfusion and incidence of arteriovenous thromboembolism. Five randomized controlled trials evaluating 838 patients met the inclusion requirements. In the analysis of the incidence of thromboembolic events in the five RCTs, there was no statistically significant difference between the administration of tranexamic acid when compared with the placebo (OR = 0.36, 95% IC: 0.11‒1.19, p= 0.09, I2 = 0%). However, when total estimated blood loss and need for blood transfusion are analyzed, the use of tranexamic acid was associated with a significant reduction over placebo (MD = −135.79, 95% CI: −179.50 to −92.08, p< 0.00001, I2= 68%) and (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32‒0.65, p< 0.00001, I2= 60%), respectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis found no evidence that the administration of antifibrinolytics increases the risk of thromboembolic complications in patients submitted to oncologic surgery, and has shown evidence that it is effective in reducing total perioperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A administração de agentes antifibrinolíticos mostrou ser eficaz para reduzir a perda sanguínea e a necessidade de transfusões em cirurgias. No entanto, poucos estudos avaliaram esses agentes em cirurgias oncológicas. O objetivo foi revisar a eficácia e segurança do tratamento com antifibrinolíticos em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias oncológicas. Conteúdo: Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi conduzida nos bancos de dados eletrônicos PubMed, OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO e na Biblioteca Cochrane para identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados feitos em qualquer tipo de cirurgia oncológica. Os dados analisados foram perda sanguínea, necessidade de transfusão e incidência de tromboembolismo arteriovenoso. Cinco ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliaram 838 pacientes atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Na análise da incidência de eventos tromboembólicos em cinco ECR, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a administração do ácido tranexâmico, comparado ao placebo (OR = 0,36, IC 95%: 0,11-1,19, p = 0,09; I2 = 0%). No entanto, quando a perda sanguínea total estimada e a necessidade de transfusão de sangue foram analisadas, o uso do ácido tranexâmico foi associado a uma redução significativa, comparado ao placebo. (DM: -135,79, IC 95%: -179,50 a -92,08, p < 0,00001, I2 = 68%) e (OR = 0,45, IC 95%: 0,32-0,65, p < 0,00001, I2 = 60%), respectivamente. Conclusões: Esta metanálise não encontrou evidências de que a administração de antifibrinolíticos aumente o risco de complicações tromboembólicas em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia oncológica e apresentou evidências de que é eficaz para reduzir a perda sanguínea total no perioperatório e a necessidade de transfusão de sangue.

"Patient blood management" in orthopaedic surgery.

Orthopaedic and trauma surgical procedures (OTS) can lead to significant blood losses and acute postoperative anaemia, which in many cases requires allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT). The clinical, economic and logistical disadvantages of ABT have promoted the development of multidisciplinary and multimodal programs generically known as Patient Blood Management (PBM) programs, which have as their objective to reduce or eliminate the need for ABT and improve clinical outcomes. These programs are supported by the implementation of four groups of perioperative measures: (1) use of restrictive transfusion criteria; (2) stimulation of erythropoiesis; (3) reduction of bleeding; and (4) autologous blood transfusion. In this article, a review is presented of the effectiveness, safety and recommendations of applicable strategies in OTS, as well as the barriers and requirements to the development and implementation of PBM programs in this surgical specialty.

Uso del ácido épsilon aminocaproico en cirugía torácica electiva / I use of the sour épsilon aminocaproico in elective thoracic surgery

Se realizó un estudio no observacional, de tipo ensayo clínico terapéutico, comparativo, prospectivo y aleatorizado a 60 pacientes a quienes se les realizó cirugía torácica electiva, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia del ácido épsilon aminocaproico (AEAC) en cuanto a la disminución del sangramiento posoperatorio y las transfusiones homólogas en este período, así como describir sus posibles reacciones indeseables. Se encontró que la cantidad de sangre colectada en el posoperatorio fue significativamente menor en el grupo tratado con AEAC que en el control tanto a las 6 como a las 24 horas de finalizada la intervención. Las unidades de glóbulos transfundidas en el transoperatorio fueron semejantes en los 2 grupos, pero la cantidad de glóbulos administrados en el posoperatorio resultó significativamente menor en el grupo estudio, al igual que la proporción de pacientes que necesitó transfusión homóloga en este grupo. No se hallaron diferencias entre ambos grupos en cuanto a las reacciones indeseables(AU)

A randomized, prospective and comparative clinicotherapeutic trial was conducted as part of a non-observational study that included 60 patients who underwent elective thoracic surgery in order to evaluate the effectiveness of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) in connection with the decrease of postoperative bleeding and homologous transfusions in this period, as well as to describe its potential undesirable reactions. It was found that the quantity of blood collected in the postoperaive period was much lower in the group treated with EACA than in the control group, both at 6.00 and at 24.00 hrs postintervention. The units of red blood cells transfunded in the transoperative period were similar in both groups, but the quantity of red blood cells administered in the postoperative was significantly lower in the study group, as well as the proportion of patients requiring homologous transfusions in this group. There were no differences between both groups as for undesirable reactions(AU)