Injury Patterns and Gender in Italy.

Introduction: Globally, injuries pose significant public health challenges, with road traffic accidents in particular being responsible for considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic distress. Italy has been significantly impacted due to its high population density and frequency of road traffic and domestic incidents. Method: This study set out to investigate the incidence of self-reported road traffic and home and leisure accidents in the Italian general population. A particular emphasis was placed on exploring possible gender differences across varying age groups. The data was obtained from the European Health Interview Survey and a representative sample of the Italian population was analyzed. Results: The analysis revealed that regardless of age, women experienced a reduced risk of road traffic accidents compared to men. However, gender disparities in home-leisure accidents were observed to be age-dependent. Women under the age of 25 exhibited a lower likelihood of home-leisure accidents and serious accidents necessitating hospital admission in comparison to their male counterparts. In contrast, women aged 65 and above had an increased likelihood of home-leisure accidents as opposed to men in the same age category. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering age and gender as significant factors in the occurrence of different types of accidents, offering insight into how injury rates vary between these demographic groups within Italy.

Situation and prevention strategies of sports injuries in community home sports under the background of covid-19 / A situação e estratégias de prevenção de lesões esportivas em esportes domésticos comunitários sob o pano de fundo da covid-19 / La situación y las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de las lesiones deportivas en el hogar en la comunidad en el contexto del covid - 19

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the context of COVID-19, many physical activities have been restricted to the home environment, including traditional community sports. The situation of bodily injuries and prevention strategies during this period urges investigation and adaptation for a preventive approach. Objective: Explore the current scenario by devising means of prevention for sports injuries caused in the home environment. Methods: A total of 60 people were selected as experimental volunteers for home sports injury analysis, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group, the cases were studied, and hypotheses were raised corroborating a preventive system of the cataloged home sports injuries, as well as the mitigation of their intercurrences. Results: In the experimental group, the flexion amplitude increased from 74.55±5.30 to 95.19±6.54; the extension amplitude increased from −3.88±3.29 to 1.57±2.17; the walking index evolved from 22.61±7.00 to 28.53±5.74; the stair activity index increased from 18.70±6.79 to 18.70±6.79. The same data measured in the control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Prevention of sports injuries during the current pandemic begins with the care of the immune system; care of the home environment was also described, as well as validation of effective treatment for timely rehabilitation of home sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: No contexto da COVID-19, muitas atividades físicas restringiram-se ao ambiente doméstico, incluindo os esportes tradicionalmente comunitários. A situação das lesões corporais e as estratégias de prevenção durante este período urgem investigações e adaptações para uma abordagem preventiva. Objetivo: Explorar o cenário atual elaborando meios de prevenção para as lesões esportivas ocasionadas em ambiente domiciliar. Métodos: Um total de 60 pessoas foram selecionadas como voluntários experimentais para análise de lesão esportiva domiciliar, 30 no grupo experimental e 30 no grupo de controle, estudou-se os casos e foram levantadas hipóteses corroborando para um sistema preventivo das lesões esportivas domiciliares catalogadas, bem como a atenuação de suas intercorrências. Resultados: No grupo experimental, a amplitude de flexão aumentou de 74,55±5,30 para 95,19±6,54; a amplitude de extensão aumentou de −3,88±3,29 para 1,57±2,17; o índice de caminhada evoluiu de 22,61±7,00 para 28,53±5,74; o índice de atividade em escadas aumentou de 18,70±6,79 para 18,70±6,79. Os mesmos dados aferidos no grupo controle não apresentaram alterações significativas. Conclusão: A prevenção de lesões esportivas durante a pandemia atual inicia-se no cuidado do sistema imunológico, cuidados com o ambiente doméstico também foram descritos, bem como a validação de tratamento eficaz para a reabilitação das lesões esportivas domésticas em tempo hábil. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: En el contexto del COVID-19, muchas actividades físicas se han restringido al ámbito doméstico, incluidos los deportes comunitarios tradicionales. La situación de las lesiones corporales y las estrategias de prevención durante este período urgen investigaciones y adaptaciones para un abordaje preventivo. Objetivo: Explorar el escenario actual ideando medios de prevención para las lesiones deportivas causadas en el entorno doméstico. Métodos: Un total de 60 personas fueron seleccionadas como voluntarios experimentales para el análisis de las lesiones deportivas domiciliarias, 30 en el grupo experimental y 30 en el grupo control, se estudiaron los casos y se plantearon hipótesis corroborando para un sistema preventivo de las lesiones deportivas domiciliarias catalogadas, así como la mitigación de sus intercurrencias. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, la amplitud de flexión aumentó de 74,55±5,30 a 95,19±6,54; la amplitud de extensión aumentó de −3,88±3,29 a 1,57±2,17; el índice de marcha evolucionó de 22,61±7,00 a 28,53±5,74; el índice de actividad en escaleras aumentó de 18,70±6,79 a 18,70±6,79. Los mismos datos medidos en el grupo de control no mostraron cambios significativos. Conclusión: La prevención de las lesiones deportivas durante la pandemia actual comienza en el cuidado del sistema inmunológico, también se describió el cuidado del entorno del hogar, así como la validación de un tratamiento eficaz para la rehabilitación de las lesiones deportivas en el hogar de manera oportuna. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Prevalência e caracterização de acidentes domésticos e lazer de idosos em contexto comunitário: Estudo observacional transversal / Prevalence and characterization of home and leisure accidents of Community-dwelling older people: An observational cross-sectional study / Prevalencia y caracterización de los accidentes domésticos y de ocio de las personas mayores en entornos comunitarios: Un estudio observacional transversal

Resumo Enquadramento: O envelhecimento da população contribui para o aumento de acidentes domésticos, com graves consequências pessoais, familiares, sociais. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência e caraterísticas de acidentes domésticos em pessoas idosas clientes de unidades funcionais de um Centro de Saúde. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal, amostra não probabilística, por conveniência, de 139 pessoas idosas. Resultados: As quedas no domicílio são os acidentes domésticos com maior prevalência nos últimos 12 meses, em sequência de escorregamento. Observaram-se algumas associações baixas, mas estatisticamente significativas, entre o número de quedas, o risco de queda e medo de cair, e entre a idade, o risco de queda e medo de cair. Conclusão: Os resultados observados implicam medidas adequadas por parte dos enfermeiros, integrados em equipas interdisciplinares. A realização de novos estudos de cariz longitudinal, permitirá a monitorização das medidas adotadas e as adaptações necessárias para prevenir e diminuir o risco de queda, e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população envelhecida.

Abstract Background: Population aging contributes to an increase in home accidents, with serious personal, family, and social consequences. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and characteristics of home accidents in older people using functional units of a Health Center. Methodology: Cross-sectional, observational study with a non-probability convenience sample of 139 older people. Results: Falls at home are the most prevalent home accident in the past 12 months, as a consequence of slipping. Some low but statistically significant associations were observed between the number of falls, risk of falling, and fear of falling, and between age, risk of falling, and fear of falling. Conclusion: The results indicate that nurses, integrated into interdisciplinary teams, should take appropriate measures. Further longitudinal studies will allow monitoring the measures adopted and the necessary adaptations to prevent and reduce the risk of falling and improve the quality of life of the aging population.

Resumen Marco contextual: El envejecimiento de la población contribuye a aumentar los accidentes domésticos, con graves consecuencias personales, familiares y sociales. Objetivos: Evaluar la prevalencia y las características de los accidentes domésticos en las personas mayores de las unidades funcionales de un centro de salud. Metodología: Estudio observacional transversal, muestra no probabilística, por conveniencia, de 139 personas mayores. Resultados: Las caídas en el domicilio son los accidentes domésticos más frecuentes en los últimos 12 meses, después de los resbalones. Se observaron algunas asociaciones bajas pero estadísticamente significativas entre el número de caídas, el riesgo de caídas y el miedo a caerse, y entre la edad, el riesgo de caídas y el miedo a caerse. Conclusión: Los resultados observados implican que los enfermeros, integrados en equipos interdisciplinarios, toman las medidas adecuadas. Otros estudios longitudinales permitirán hacer un seguimiento de las medidas adoptadas y de los ajustes necesarios para prevenir y reducir el riesgo de caídas y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población envejecida.

Analysis of research on interventions for the prevention of safety accidents involving infants: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of studies on interventions for the prevention of safety accidents involving infants. METHODS: The scoping review method by Arksey and O'Malley was used to conduct an overview based on information spanning a wide range of fields. Multiple electronic databases, PubMed, CINAHL, RISS, and KISS, were searched for articles written in English or Korean published from 2012 to the present on safety accident prevention interventions. A total of 2,137 papers were found, and 20 papers were ultimately analyzed. RESULTS: Most studies were conducted in the United States (55.0%) and in the medical field (45.0%), and most were experimental studies (35.0%). The results were organized across five categories: 1) preventive precautions, 2) characteristics of children's developmental stages, 3) encouraging voluntary participation, 4) continuity of interventions, and 5) teaching methods. CONCLUSION: Safety accident prevention interventions should cover the establishment of a safe home environment, include voluntary participation, and provide routine follow-up interventions. Additionally, practical training and teaching methods that incorporate feedback rather than a lectureoriented approach should be adopted.

Protocol of care for foreign-body ingestion in children: a qualitative study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to suggest a care protocol for foreign-body ingestion, address the clinical aspects, and identify the ingested object, severity, and professional conduct. METHODS: This is a qualitative study. We used books and original articles published in national and international journals (BIREME, SCIELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE/PubMed) in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. RESULTS: The ingestion of a radiolucent object should be evaluated radiographically and with endoscopy for cases with symptoms of impaction and radiolucent objects. Coins are the most commonly involved foreign bodies. In asymptomatic patients, it often requires only a conservative form of management. Ingestion of batteries, magnets, and sharp objects carries a high risk of serious clinical complications and should have an endoscopic or surgical approach. In view of this, each pediatric emergency service, based on these recommendations, has the possibility to develop an individual protocol to identify and remove the ingested foreign body. CONCLUSIONS: Protocol of care for foreign-body ingestion in children depends on the object ingested, time of ingestion, symptoms, and local epidemiological context. This study provides some suggestions for decision-making in the conduct of health professionals.

Estudio de las heridas por amoladora tratadas en el Hospital de Clínicas y Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay / Grinder injuries treated at the Clínicas and Pasteur Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay / Estudo das lesões por esmerilhadeira tratadas no Hospital de Clínicas e Hospital Pasteur, Montevidéu, Uruguai

Resumen: Introducción: las heridas causadas por amoladora representan una consulta frecuente al cirujano plástico en nuestro país. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron conocer la epidemiología de los pacientes que consultaban con estas lesiones, conocer las circunstancias del accidente y estudiar si existía relación entre las condiciones de uso de la herramienta y la gravedad de las lesiones. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se recabaron los datos de los pacientes que consultaban por heridas por amoladora en las puertas de emergencia de Hospital Pasteur y Hospital de Clínicas en un período de 6 meses. Resultados: un total de 76 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, la mayoría de sexo masculino, en edad laboral activa (39 a 58 años) dedicados a la realización de trabajos temporales o tareas de construcción, con bajo nivel de instrucción. El 84% de las heridas fueron graves. El 61% de los pacientes no utilizó los elementos de seguridad de la herramienta al momento del accidente. La mayoría de las lesiones se produjeron fuera del ambiente laboral. Conclusiones: en base a nuestro trabajo pudimos establecer el perfil epidemiológico de la población más susceptible de sufrir estas lesiones. Comprobamos que las heridas producidas por amoladora son en su mayoría graves y requieren procedimientos complejos para su resolución.

Summary: Introduction: grinder injuries represent a large number of consultations for plastic surgeons in our country. This study aims to learn about the epidemiological characteristics of patients who consulted for these lesions and the circumstances of the accidents, and to analyze whether there is a relationship between the conditions for tool use and the severity of lesions. Methodology: we conducted a retrospective, descriptive, transversal study where we collected data from the patients who consulted for grinder injuries at the emergency departments of Pasteur and Clínicas Hospital during a 6-month period. Results: seventy-six patients were included in the study, most of which were male working adults (between 39 and 58 years-old) who had temporary jobs or were performing construction works and had low levels of education. 84% of lesions were severe. 61% of patients did not respect safety regulations at the time of the accident. Most lesions occurred out of working hours. Conclusions: based on our study, we could identify the epidemiological profile of the most vulnerable population for this kind of lesions. We proved that most grinder lesions are severe and their management requires complex procedures.

Resumo: Introdução: as lesões causadas por esmerilhadeira são causa frequente de consulta ao cirurgião plástico no Uruguai. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer as características dos pacientes que consultaram com essas lesões, conhecer as circunstâncias do acidente e analisar a possível relação entre as condições de uso da ferramenta e a gravidade das lesões. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, onde foram coletados dados de pacientes que consultaram por lesões de esmerilhadeira no pronto-socorro do Hospital Pasteur e Hospital de Clínicas durante um período de 6 meses. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 76 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino, em idade ativa para trabalhar (39 a 58 anos) dedicados à realização de trabalhos temporários ou trabalhos na construção civil, com baixo nível de escolaridade. 84% dos ferimentos foram graves. 61% dos pacientes não utilizaram os elementos de segurança da ferramenta no momento do acidente. A maioria das lesões ocorreu fora do ambiente de trabalho. Conclusões: com base em nosso trabalho conseguimos estabelecer o perfil da população mais suscetível a esses agravos. Constatamos que a maioria das lesões causadas por esmerilhadeiras são graves, exigindo procedimentos complexos para sua resolução.

Falls as One of the Atypical Presentations of COVID-19 in Older Population.

INTRODUCTION: Studies revealed COVID-19 atypical symptoms such as falls, delirium, confusion, dizziness, unusual fatigue in older patients. Falls in the older population and their consequences are one of the leading causes of disability; they significantly reduce the quality of life and lead to loss of independence and impaired social functioning. The aim of this study is to present the possible correlation between COVID-19 and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, in particular the occurrence of fall-related injuries. SIGNIFICANCE: This article highlights the importance of falls as one of the atypical symptoms of COVID-19 infection in older adults, which is not directly associated with infection and could be misinterpreted. METHODS: The conducted meta-analysis is based on a review of the scientific literature available in English, French, Dutch, Polish in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, PEDro, GBL databases from December 1, 2019 to July 30, 2020, covering Clinical Trial, Randomized Controlled Trial, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Reviews and Case Reports. The following keywords were taken into account: fall, (hip/pertrochanteric/proximal femur) fracture, aged and COVID-19. Twenty-seven references were accepted for final analysis. RESULTS: It was found that symptoms such as falls observed in the older adults can be associated with COVID-19 infection. Falls and slips are also the most common mechanism for hip fracture during the pandemic outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: According to authors of this study, atypical presentations of COVID-19 should be considered when screening and testing the people at increased risk due to their age. However, further prospective studies are urgently needed to investigate the possible correlation between COVID-19 and falls in older adults.

Home Accidents among Children: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Oman.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify the prevalence, commonest causes, and severity of home accident injuries and their effects on children who present to the emergency department (ED) of a university-tertiary hospital in Oman. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study among children aged ≤ 18 years old who presented with home accidents to the ED between January and June 2017. A checklist for data collection was designed to include demographic data, causes and effects of home accidents, and treatment outcomes. The data was retrieved from the hospital electronic patient records. RESULTS: A total of 1333 children presented to the ED over six months as a result of unintentional home accidents, giving a prevalence of 7.7% from all children who visited the ED. There was a significant male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The most prevalent causes for home accidents were 'falls' in 716 (53.7%) children, followed by 'struck by/against-animate/inanimate mechanical force' in 201 (15.1%) children. 'Poisoning' was the third major cause in 117 (8.8%) children. Severity scale showed that around 36.0% of children suffered from severe injuries and 5.4% were admitted to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Despite this study being a single-center study in Oman, it indicates a high prevalence and severity of unintentional home accidents among children. The study findings suggest the need for implementing strategies to raise public awareness of child safety at home and to improve the preparedness of healthcare providers in ED to deal with such accidents.

[Development and performance test of the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in urban area of China].

Objective: To develop the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years living in urban area of China, and test its validity and reliability. Methods: The content of the environment scale was established through the literature review, expert consultation and pilot study. A total of 1 104 children aged 0-6 years in urban area of Changsha were enrolled in this study by using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of children, the incidence of unintentional injury and the status of home environment. The reliability of the scale was tested by using Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability coefficient. The content validity and construct validity were tested by using Pearson correlation analysis and factor analysis. All children were divided into two groups according to the incidence of unintentional injury in the home and the discrimination validity of the scale was tested by using t-test. Results: The scale had 54 items in 6 dimensions. The number of eligible questionnaires was 1 074, including 554 (51.6%) from boys and 519 (48.3%) from children under 3 years old. The incidence rate of unintentional injury and in-home injury was 18.34% (197 children) and 10.71% (115 children). The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) coefficient for the scale was 0.87 and the split-efficacy reliability coefficient was 0.82, both meeting the standard of reliability above 0.70. The Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension and the whole scale ranged from 0.53 to 0.84 (all P values <0.001). The common factor cumulative variance contribution rate of the scale was 58.34%. There were 54 items with factor loadings greater than 0.30. The root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index and goodness-of-fit index were 0.07, 0.61 and 0.71, respectively. The score of scale in children with injury was significantly higher than that in children without injury (P=0.022). Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the environment scale for unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in the urban area of China are good.

Development and performance test of the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in urban area of China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To develop the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years living in urban area of China, and test its validity and reliability.@*Methods@#The content of the environment scale was established through the literature review, expert consultation and pilot study. A total of 1 104 children aged 0-6 years in urban area of Changsha were enrolled in this study by using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of children, the incidence of unintentional injury and the status of home environment. The reliability of the scale was tested by using Cronbach′s α coefficient and split-half reliability coefficient. The content validity and construct validity were tested by using Pearson correlation analysis and factor analysis. All children were divided into two groups according to the incidence of unintentional injury in the home and the discrimination validity of the scale was tested by using t-test.@*Results@#The scale had 54 items in 6 dimensions. The number of eligible questionnaires was 1 074, including 554 (51.6%) from boys and 519 (48.3%) from children under 3 years old. The incidence rate of unintentional injury and in-home injury was 18.34% (197 children) and 10.71% (115 children). The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach′s α) coefficient for the scale was 0.87 and the split-efficacy reliability coefficient was 0.82, both meeting the standard of reliability above 0.70. The Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension and the whole scale ranged from 0.53 to 0.84 (all P values <0.001). The common factor cumulative variance contribution rate of the scale was 58.34%. There were 54 items with factor loadings greater than 0.30. The root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index and goodness-of-fit index were 0.07, 0.61 and 0.71, respectively. The score of scale in children with injury was significantly higher than that in children without injury (P=0.022).@*Conclusion@#The validity and reliability of the environment scale for unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in the urban area of China are good.

Development and performance test of the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in urban area of China / 中华预防医学杂志

To develop the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years living in urban area of China, and test its validity and reliability. The content of the environment scale was established through the literature review, expert consultation and pilot study. A total of 1 104 children aged 0-6 years in urban area of Changsha were enrolled in this study by using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of children, the incidence of unintentional injury and the status of home environment. The reliability of the scale was tested by using Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability coefficient. The content validity and construct validity were tested by using Pearson correlation analysis and factor analysis. All children were divided into two groups according to the incidence of unintentional injury in the home and the discrimination validity of the scale was tested by using -test. The scale had 54 items in 6 dimensions. The number of eligible questionnaires was 1 074, including 554 (51.6%) from boys and 519 (48.3%) from children under 3 years old. The incidence rate of unintentional injury and in-home injury was 18.34% (197 children) and 10.71% (115 children). The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) coefficient for the scale was 0.87 and the split-efficacy reliability coefficient was 0.82, both meeting the standard of reliability above 0.70. The Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension and the whole scale ranged from 0.53 to 0.84 (all values <0.001). The common factor cumulative variance contribution rate of the scale was 58.34%. There were 54 items with factor loadings greater than 0.30. The root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index and goodness-of-fit index were 0.07, 0.61 and 0.71, respectively. The score of scale in children with injury was significantly higher than that in children without injury (0.022). The validity and reliability of the environment scale for unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in the urban area of China are good.

Número de internações e óbitos associados à intoxicação infantil / Number of hospitalizations and deaths associated with child intoxication

Objetivo: Analisar o número de internações e óbitos vinculados à intoxicação de crianças; apontar os principais fatores tóxicos que levaram à morbimortalidade local; apresentar a faixa etária com maior incidência e os municípios do Estado estudado com maior número de óbitos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com coleta retrospectiva de dados e análise quantitativa de dados secundários em saúde, cujas fontes foram do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A população analisada foi de crianças de zero a 9 anos de idade, vítimas de intoxicação exógena e residentes no Estado do Tocantins, no ano de 2015. Resultados: Na amostra, 1.363 crianças foram vítimas de intoxicação exógena, prevalecendo internações do sexo masculino (893) na faixa etária de 5 a 9 anos de idade (62%) e a capital Palmas como o local com maior número de internações (498). Ocorreu um óbito de uma criança do sexo feminino, com 1 a 4 anos de idade, em Araguaína, tendo como causa envenenamento acidental e exposição a substâncias nocivas. Conclusão: Apesar da baixa mortalidade registrada, a intoxicação exógena em crianças apresenta consequências orgânicas, emocionais e financeiras. Para a redução dos casos, é necessária a ação conjunta entre o SUS, profissionais da saúde e responsáveis, além da produção de embalagens mais seguras, que evitem o contato das crianças com tais substâncias. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the number of hospitalizations and deaths associated with child intoxication; to point out the main toxic factors that led to local morbidity and mortality; to present the age group with the highest incidence and the municipalities with the highest number of deaths. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with retrospective data collection and quantitative analysis of secondary health data, from the Mortality Information System and the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System. The population analyzed consisted of children from zero to 9 years old living in the state of Tocantins in 2015 and experiencing exogenous intoxication Results: In the sample, 1,363 children were victims of exogenous intoxication, with a prevalence of male hospitalizations (893), in the age group of 5 to 9 years old (62%); the capital of the state, Palmas, was the place with the highest number of hospitalizations (498). There was a death of a female child, aged 1 to 4 years, in the city of Araguaína, from accidental poisoning and exposure to harmful substances. Conclusion: In spite of the low mortality recorded, exogenous intoxication in children has organic, emotional, and financial consequences. To reduce cases, the joint action of the Unified Health System, health professionals, and people in charge is required, as well as the production of safer packaging to avoid contact of children with such substances. (AU)

Characteristics of accidental injuries from power tools treated at two emergency departments in Queensland.

OBJECTIVE: Injuries are a major burden on the Australian healthcare system. Power tool usage is a common cause of accidental injury. A better understanding of the trends of power tool injuries will inform prevention strategies and potentially mitigate costs. METHODS: The ED databases from two level 1 hospitals were reviewed for presentations between 2005 and 2015 resulting from accidental injury with power tools. A subgroup of patients presenting to one hospital between 2016 and 2017 were interviewed about the activities and circumstances that led to their injuries, and followed up 3 months later to assess outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 4057 cases of accidental injury from power tool use were identified. Power saws and grinders contributed to 54% of injuries. Most injuries were located on an upper limb (48%) or the head and neck (30%). Over half (54%) of all head injuries were associated with metal and wood fragments to the eye from grinders, drills and saws. Hospital admission rates were highest for patients aged >60 years. Injuries to females were <5% of all presentations, but 40% of those caused by lawnmowers. Among the 200 patients interviewed, lapses in concentration during use, and modification and inappropriate use of a power tool were the main contributors to injury. Recovery periods >3 months were common. CONCLUSIONS: Accidental injuries from power tool use have a considerable impact on ED resources and can affect the long-term quality of life of those injured. Effective education about safe usage and protection may prevent many injuries.

Conhecimento de pais e cuidadores portugueses sobre primeiros socorros em acidentes domésticos / Conocimiento de padres y cuidadores portugueses sobre primeros auxilios en accidentes domésticos / Knowledge of portuguese parents and caretakers about first aid in domestic accidents

Objetivo identificar o nível de conhecimento de pais/cuidadores de crianças sobre primeiros socorros em acidentes domésticos e se existe associação com fatores sociodemográficos. Método estudo transversal, realizado no Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro em Vila Real, Portugal, durante as consultas pediátricas ambulatoriais, entre maio e junho de 2018. Foram incluídos pais/cuidadores de crianças de 5 a 9 anos e excluídos pais/cuidadores que não tinham nacionalidade portuguesa. A população foi dividida em dois subgrupos, de acordo com o nível de conhecimento: ≤19 acertos (conhecimento fraco/razoável); ≥20 (conhecimento bom/muito bom). Utilizou-se, para a coleta de dados, um formulário contendo 27 questões. Resultados dentre os 54 participantes, 33 (61,2%) possuíam conhecimento bom/muito bom; predominou a falta de conhecimento dos cuidados com ferimentos após queda e queimadura. Conclusão apesar de o conhecimento dos pais/cuidadores ter sido avaliado como bom/muito bom, não houve associação do conhecimento com fatores sociodemográficos.

Objetivo identificar el nivel de conocimiento de padres/cuidadores de niños sobre primeros auxilios en accidentes domésticos y si existe asociación con factores sociodemográficos. Método estudio transversal, realizado en el Centro Hospitalario Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, en Vila Real, Portugal, durante consultas pediátricas ambulatorias, entre mayo y junio de 2018. Se incluyeron padres/cuidadores de niños de 5 a 9 años y se excluyeron a los padres/cuidadores que no tenían nacionalidad portuguesa. La población se dividió en dos subgrupos, según el nivel de conocimiento: ≤19 aciertos (conocimiento flaco/razonable); ≥20 (buen/muy buen conocimiento). Para recopilación de datos, se utilizó formulario con 27 preguntas. Resultados entre los 54 participantes, 33 (61,2%) tenían conocimiento bueno/muy bueno; predominó el desconocimiento sobre el cuidado de las heridas después de caerse y quemarse. Conclusión aunque el conocimiento de padres/cuidadores se evaluara como bueno/muy bueno, no hubo asociación del conocimiento con factores sociodemográficos.

Objective identifying the level of knowledge of parents/caretakers of children with regards to first aid in domestic accidents, and whether it has any association with sociodemographic factors. Method cross-sectional study, carried out in the Hospital Center in Trás os Montes and Alto Douro, in Vila Real, Portugal, during pediatric outpatient consultations from May to June 2018. Parents/caretakers of children from 5 to 9 years of age were included, and parents/caretakers who were not Portuguese were excluded. The population was divided in two subgroups, according to the level of knowledge: ≤19 right answers (little/medium knowledge); ≥20 (good/very good knowledge). A form with 27 questions was used for data collection. Results among the 54 participants, 33 (61.2%) had good/very good knowledge; the lack of knowledge about first aid after wounds caused by falls and burns was prevalent. Conclusion although the knowledge of parents/caretakers was found to be good/very good, there was no significant association of their knowledge with sociodemographic factors.

Internações por intoxicação de crianças de zero a 14 anos em hospital de ensino no Sul do Brasil, 2006-2011 / Poison-related hospitalizations of children aged 0-14 at a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil, 2006-2011 / Internaciones por intoxicación de niños de cero a 14 años en hospital de enseñanza en el sur de Brasil, 2006-2011

OBJETIVO: descrever o perfil das intoxicações que levaram à internação de crianças cadastradas no Centro de Controle de Intoxicações do Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá no período de 2006 a 2011. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, com dados secundários das fichas de Ocorrência Toxicológica (OT) referentes a vítimas de intoxicação na idade de zero a 14 anos, internadas por um período mínimo de 12 horas. RESULTADOS: foram registradas 694 internações por intoxicação, sendo os medicamentos os principais responsáveis (42,4%); a maioria das internações ocorreu na faixa etária de um a quatro anos (66,7%); o sexo masculino apresentou maior número de internações, em todas as faixas etárias; e a maioria das intoxicações ocorreu no período da manhã (55,6%). CONCLUSÃO: os medicamentos foram o principal agente causador de intoxicações; entre as vítimas internadas, predominaram crianças de menor idade e do sexo masculino.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the profile of poisoning leading to children's hospitalizations, as registered at the Maringá Regional University Hospital Poisoning Control Center in the period 2006 to 2011. METHODS: this was a descriptive epidemiological study using secondary data from Intoxication Incident Report Forms, involving poisoned children aged between 0 and 14 years, hospitalized for at least 12 hours. RESULTS: 694 hospitalizations due to poisoning were registered, with medication poisoning accounting for 42.4% of cases; the 1-4 age group was the most affected (66.7%); males accounted for a higher number of hospital admissions in all age groups; most poisoning cases occurred in the morning (55.6%). CONCLUSION: medication was the main cause of poisoning; younger children and males were predominant among hospitalized victims.

OBJETIVO: describir el perfil de las intoxicaciones que llevaron a la internación de niños, registradas en el Centro de Control por Envenenamiento del Hospital Universitario Regional de Maringá en el periodo de 2006-2011. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo con datos secundarios obtenidas de las fichas de Ocurrencia Toxicología (OT), referentes a víctimas de intoxicación en niños entre cero y 14 años, hospitalizados por un mínimo de 12 horas. RESULTADOS: fueron 694 hospitalizaciones por intoxicación, siendo los fármacos los principales responsables (42,4%); el grupo de edad de uno a cuatro años fue el más afectado (66,7%); los hombres tuvieron un mayor número de hospitalizaciones en todos los grupos etarios; la mayoría de casos fue en la mañana (55,6%). CONCLUSIÓN: las drogas fueron la principal causa de intoxicación; entre las víctimas hospitalizadas predominaron niños más pequeños y de sexo masculino.

Tratamiento de las fracturas del extremo proximal del húmero en niños / Treatment of the proximal end of humerus fracture in children

Fundamento: las fracturas proximales de húmero en niños incluyen la epífisis y las metafisiarias, que son lesiones poco frecuente durante la infancia. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de los niños con fracturas del extremo proximal del húmero. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal y descriptivo en 43 pacientes con el diagnóstico de fracturas del húmero proximal, atendidos por el servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Eduardo Agramonte Piña, desde marzo 2011 hasta marzo 2014. Resultados: las fracturas del húmero proximal predominaron en los varones entre 10 y 13 años y el traumatismo por accidente en el hogar, las epifisiolisis fueron más frecuente en la segunda década de la vida y las meafisarias en la primera, el tratamiento conservador fue el más usado en la mayor parte de los pacientes con resultados satisfactorios y las complicaciones fueron mínimas. Conclusiones: las lesiones de la epífisis humeral superior pueden ocurrir en cualquier edad, mientras esté abierta la fisis, tienen una evolución benigna, por el alto potencial de remodelación de la epífisis.

Background: proximal humerus fractures are less frequent during childhood. They account for less than 5 % of all pediatric fractures. Objective: to evaluate the behavior of children with proximal end of humerus fracture. Methods: a descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted with 43 patients with the diagnosis of proximal end of humerus fracture. They were given medical attention at the pediatric hospital Eduardo Agramonte Piña, between March 2011 and March 2014, in order to assess the obtained results of the behavior of this disease. Results: proximal humerus fractures prevailed in boys of the 10 to 13 age group. Traumatisms caused by house accidents, epiphysiolysis were more frequent in the second decade of life, whereas metaphyseals were in the first decade. Conservative treatment was the most used in most of the patients with satisfactory outcomes. Complications were minimal. Conclusions: humeral epiphysis lesions may occur at any age. They have a benign evolution, due to the high potential of epiphysis remodeling.

Queimaduras domésticas na população infantojuvenil: atendimentos de urgência e emergência / Domestic burns among children, adolescents and young adults: urgency and emergency cases

Estudo cujo objetivo foi analisar as queimaduras domiciliares decorrentes de exposição à corrente elétrica/radiação/temperatura, fumaça/fogo/chamas e contato com fonte de calor/substâncias quentes, em vítimas crianças, adolescentes e jovens, atendidos em serviço de urgência/emergência de referência. Estudo descritivo, transversal, com vítimas de queimaduras domiciliares (entre zero a 24 anos) atendidas por serviço de pronto-atendimento em uma capital do centro oeste brasileiro, no ano de 2013. Foram estudadas 84 vítimas de queimaduras domiciliares, prevaleceu o sexo feminino (59,5%) e a faixa etária de 1-4 anos (27,4%). As queimaduras mais frequentes foram por contato com fonte de calor/substâncias quentes (82,1%) e exposição à fumaça/fogo/chamas (15,5%). As regiões corpóreas mais atingidas foram cabeça, tronco, membros superiores e inferiores (90,5%) e prevaleceu a queimadura de segundo grau (40,5%). Queimaduras domiciliares atingem significativamente o público infantojuvenil com destaque para o sexo feminino, apontando para a importância de atividades preventivas e educativas direcionadas para as meninas.

The objective of this study was to analyze domestic burns caused by the exposure to electric current/radiation/temperature, smoke/fire/flames and contact with a source of heat/hot substances, in children, adolescents and young adults treated at an urgency/emergency service of reference. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with victims (0 to 24 years of age) of home burns treated at an urgency/emergency service of a capital city located in the center-west region of Brazil, in 2013. In total, 84 victims of home burns were studied, with prevalence of female victims (59.5%) and age group of 1-4 years of age (27.4%). The most frequent burns were caused by contact with a source of heat/hot substances (82.1%) and exposure to smoke/fire/flames (15.5%). The body areas most commonly affected by home burns were head, trunk, and upper and lower limbs (90.5%), with prevalence of second-degree burns (40.5%). Home burns significantly affect children, adolescents and young adults, particularly female subjects, highlighting the importance of providing preventive and educational activities to female victims.

Acidentes domésticos em idosos atendidos em um hospital de urgência / Domestic accidents with elderly assisted in an urgency hospital

Estudo transversal realizado em hospital de referência em urgência com amostragem por conveniência cujos dados foram coletados de junho a julho de 2014. Objetivou analisar os acidentes domésticos em idosos atendidos em hospital público de urgência. Do total de 83 entrevistados, 77,1% eram mulheres, possuíam 80 a 89 anos (32,5%), analfabetos (32,5%), viúvos (44,6%), residindo com cônjuge e outros familiares (73,5%), aposentados (84,4%), recebiam um a dois salários mínimos (88%). A prevalência de acidentes domésticos foi de 6,4%, com predominância de queda (84,4%), da própria altura (55,6%). Descuido na observação do ambiente foi auto referido como principal causa (45,8%). A não associação entre a ocorrência de quedas, existência de doença crônica, medicação de uso contínuo e realização de atividade no instante do acidente foi um achado relevante. Recomenda-se cuidado multiprofissional com avaliação funcional ampla identificando as deficiências dos idosos e limitações ambientais visando orientação comunitária e planejamento de intervenções integradas.

A cross-sectional study conducted in a reference urgency hospital constituted by a convenience sample, which data were collected from June to July of 2014. The aim was to analyze domestic accidents with elderly assisted in a public urgency hospital. From all 83 interviewed, 77.1% were women, aged 80 to 89 years (32.5%), illiterate (32.5%), widowed (44.6%), living with a partner and other family members (73.5%), retired (84.4%), who received one to two minimal wages (88%). The prevalence of domestic accidents was 6.4%, with predominance of falls (84.4%), from their own height (55.6%). The lack of care observing the environment was self-reported as the main cause (45.8%) of accidents. Lack of association between the occurrence of falls, the existence of chronic diseases, continuous medication use and, to be performing an activity at the moment of accident was an important finding. We recommend multi-professional care with broad functional assessment identifying elderly deficiencies and environmental limitations, aiming at community guidance and planning of integrated interventions

Acidentes domiciliares por forças mecânicas animadas na população infantojuvenil / Home accidents due to exposure to animate mechanical forces amongst children and youth population / Accidentes domiciliarios debido a fuerzas mecánicas animadas en la población infanto-juvenil

Acidentes por mordeduras humanas, de animais e picadas de insetos em ambiente domiciliar são importantes causas de atendimentos hospitalares na população infantojuvenil (0-24 anos). Conhecer as circunstâncias que envolvem esses acidentes é essencial para traçar as medidas preventivas e intervenções. OBJETIVO: analisar o perfil de acidentes domiciliares causados por forças mecânicas animadas na população infantojuvenil, atendida por serviço público de referência em urgência e emergência, durante o ano de 2013. MÉTODO: estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal com coleta retrospectiva de dados e análise quantitativa. Foram analisadas as fichas de pronto-atendimento decorrentes de acidentes domiciliares por forças mecânicas animadas na população de zero a 24 anos durante o ano de 2013, atendidas por um hospital público de referência em urgência e emergência. Os dados foram digitados no programa EPIINFO e para análise foram utilizadas estatísticas simples e bivariadas. RESULTADOS: predomínio do sexo masculino (63,6%) e faixa etária de 1-9 anos (64,6%). A mordedura de cão representou 63,9% dos atendimentos. Entre crianças de 1-4 anos as lesões concentraram-se no segmento encefálico (62,5%) e entre 15-24 anos nos membros superiores. Houve alta em 97,0% dos atendimentos. CONCLUSÃO: evidenciou-se a importância de medidas preventivas para acidentes com forças animadas de forma que eliminem os riscos e torne o ambiente domiciliar seguro para o desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e jovens.

Human, animal and insect bite accidents in the home are a major cause of hospital attendance amongst children and adolescents (0-24 years). Inorder to delineate preventive measures and interventions it is necessary to identify the circumstances surrounding such accidents. Objective: Toassess home accidents due to exposure to animate mechanical forces amongst children and youth population cared for at the emergency care unitof a public reference hospital during 2013. Method: Cross-sectional epidemiological study with retrospective data collection and quantitative analysis.The researchers analysed records of home accidents due to exposure to animate mechanical forces in the population aged 0-24 years throughout2013. The participants had been cared for at the emergency care unit of a public reference hospital. Data were entered in EPI program and analysedthrough simple and bivariate statistics. Results: most participants were male (63.6%), aged 1 to 9 (64.6%). Dog bites were observed in 63.9% of the cases. Head injuries were more common among children aged 1 to 4, whereas injuries to upper limbs were recorded mostly amongst those aged 15 to24 (62.5%). Hospital discharge happened in 97.0% of the cases. Conclusion: the researchers recommend preventive measures addressing this type ofaccidents in order to reduce the risks and ensure a safe home environment for the development of children and adolescents.

Las mordeduras humanas accidentales, de animales y las picaduras de insectos en el ambiente domiciliario son importantes causas de atenciónhospitalaria entre niños y adolescentes (0-24 años). Es esencial conocer las circunstancias en las cuales suceden tales accidentes para poderadoptar medidas preventivas y trazar las intervenciones necesarias. Este estudio busca evaluar el perfil de los accidentes domiciliarios causadospor fuerzas mecánicas animadas en la población infantojuvenil, atendidos por servicios públicos de referencia en emergencias durante 2013.Estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal con recogida de datos retrospectiva y análisis cuantitativa. Se consideraron las anotaciones del 2013 de un servicio público de emergencias referentes a dichos accidentes en la población mencionada. Los datos fueron introducidos en el programaEPIINFO y para su análisis se emplearon las estadísticas simples y bivariadas. Los resultados indicaron predominio masculino (63,6%) y de edadentre 1-9 años (64,6%). Las mordeduras de perros representaron un 63,9% de los casos. Entre los niños de 1 y 4 años las lesiones se concentraronen el segmento encefálico (el 62,5%) y entre los 15 y 24 años en los miembros superiores. En el 97.0% de los casos los pacientes tuvieron alta hospitalaria. Es evidente la importancia de las medidas preventivas para accidentes de fuerzas animadas con miras a eliminar los riesgos y aque el hogar sea un ambiente seguro para el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes.