"I Can't Do without You": Treatment Perspectives for Affective Dependence: A Scoping Review.

Affective Dependence (AD) is a problematic model of the love relationship that is becoming increasingly prevalent and evident in the context of couple relationships. Similarly, the phenomenon is being observed with growing frequency in daily clinical practice, making it increasingly necessary to identify treatment guidelines that can help clinicians in dealing with AD, while waiting for the literature to reach a consensus on its definition and nosographic profile. The main objective of this work is to explore the existing evidence of effectiveness regarding feasible treatments for Affective Dependence through a scoping review of the international literature carried out using the main scientific databases and following the PRISMA-ScR (PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Seven studies were included in this review, and the results show that several pharmaceuticals, as well as different types of individual and group therapies, are proposed as treatment plans for AD. However, there is a lack of clinical trials that can verify the efficacy of the AD treatments reported so far in the literature. Some reflections that may help to distinguish a "healthy" addiction from a dysfunctional or markedly pathological one are considered alongside potential prevention perspectives.

Asociación del riesgo de violencia de pareja y dependencia afectiva con la preeclampsia / Association of the risk of violence in couple and affective dependence with the preeclampsia

Objetivo principal: asociar comparativamente el riesgo de violencia de pareja y la dependencia afectiva con el diagnóstico de preeclampsia en gestantes que fueron atendidas en el Centro de Salud Santa Rosa en la ciudad de Riobamba, Ecuador, durante el período abril-agosto 2019. Metodología: se utilizó un diseño no experimental, de tipo correlacional, con 60 participantes divididas en dos grupos de estudio de 30 individuos cada uno. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la aplicación de la Guía de evaluación de riesgos de agresión conyugal, Spouse Abuse Risk Assessment (SARA, por sus siglas en inglés) y el cuestionario de dependencia emocional (CDE). Resultados principales: en el grupo de preeclámticas predominaron aquellas con un alto nivel de riesgo de violencia en la pareja (56,7%) y el 90% fueron valoradas con elevado nivel de dependencia emocional. La distribución de los datos resultó normal. Las diferencias entre ambos grupos resultaron significativas bilateralmente (p=0,000), a partir de la prueba de T-Students. También, la relación resultó estadísticamente muy significativa (p≤0,01) según el test chi cuadrado. Conclusión principal: el diagnóstico de preeclampsia se relacionó significativamente con los niveles de dependencia emocional y riesgo de violencia. Además, se establecieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos estudiados, según los niveles de dependencia emocional y riesgo de violencia.(AU)

Objective: To associate comparatively the risk of violence couple and affective dependency with the diagnosis of preeclampsia in pregnant women who were attended at the Santa Rosa Health Center in Riobamba, Ecuador, during April-August 2019 period. Methods: a non-experimental design of correlational type was used with 60 participants. They were divided into two study groups of 30 individuals each. Data was collected using the Spouse Abuse Risk Assessment (SARA) Guide and the Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (CDE). Results: In preeclamptic women group, those with a high level of risk of intimate partner violence predominated (56.7%) and 90% were assessed with a high level of emotional dependence. The distribution of data was normal. Differences between both groups were significant bilaterally (p = 0.000), from T-students test. Also, relationship was statistically very significant (p≤0.01) according to Chi square test. Conclusions: The diagnosis of pre-eclampsia was significant relationship related to levels of emotional dependence and the risk of violence. In addition, statistically significant differences were established between both groups studied, according to the levels of emotional dependence and risk of violence.(AU)

Dependência emocional: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Emotional dependency: a systematic review of literature / Dependencia emocional: una revisíon sistemática de la literatura

A dependência emocional é um transtorno caracterizado por comportamentos aditivos em relacionamentos amorosos. Entretanto, ainda há debate se esta dependência seria considerada uma patologia, como denominá-la e quais sintomas a definiriam. Assim, o presente estudo visa realizar uma avaliação sistemática da literatura acerca do tema, revisando artigos anexados nas bases de dados Scielo, Portal de Periódico CAPES e Google Acadêmico, publicados entre 2000 e 2014. Após uma análise criteriosa, foram selecionados 20 estudos. Os resultados mostraram que a dependência emocional é definida como um transtorno aditivo, no qual o indivíduo necessita do outro para manter seu equilíbrio emocional. Sua etiologia está relacionada ao desenvolvimento do apego na infância, além de fatores culturais e filogenéticos. Os tratamentos indicados são: terapia individual, terapia grupal, grupos de apoio e livros de autoajuda. Algumas inconsistências entre os estudos são discutidas, apontando a necessidade de mais estudos na área a fim de elucidar estas questões.

Emotional Dependency is a disorder characterized by addictive behaviors in romantic relationships. However, there is still controversy about whether this dependency should be considered pathological, as well as its appropriate denomination and the symptoms that would define it. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of the literature on emotional dependency, reviewing all the indexed articles in Scielo, CAPES, and Scholar Google databases, published between 2000 and 2014. After careful analysis, 20 studies were selected. The results show that emotional dependency is defined as an addictive disorder, in which the individual needs another to maintain his emotional balance. Its etiology is related to the development of attachment during childhood, in addition to cultural and phylogenetic factors. The indicated treatments are individual therapy, group therapy, support groups and selfhelp books. We point out some inconsistencies among the studies, showing the need for more research to elucidate these questions.

La dependencia emocional es un trastorno caracterizado por comportamientos aditivos en las relaciones amorosas. Sin embargo aún hay debates sobre si esta dependencia sería considerada una patología, cómo denominarla y qué formas la definía. Así el actual estudio tiende a realizar una evaluación sistemática de la literatura sobre el tema, revisando artículos anejos en las bases de datos Scielo, Portal de Periódico CAPES y Google Académica publicados entre 2000 y 2014. Después de un análisis juiciosa, fueron seleccionados 20 estudios. Los resultados muestran que la dependencia emocional es definida como un trastorno aditivo, en el que el individuo necesita del otro para mantener su equilibrio emocional. Su etiología está relacionada al desarrollo de apego en la infancia, además de factores culturales y filogenéticos. Los tratamientos indicados son: terapia individual, terapia en grupo, grupos de apoyo y libros de autoayuda. Algunas inconsistencias entre los estudios se señalaron.

A formação do self e a dependência afetiva: uma revisão bibliográfica da abordagem centrada na pessoa / The Self Formation and the Affective Dependence: a Person Centered Approach literature review / La Formación del Selfy la Dependencia Afectiva: una revisión bibliográfica del enfoque centrado en la persona

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a compreensão da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa sobre a Dependência Afetiva, especificando os sintomas da dependência afetiva, conceitos de formação do self, e a relação entre os conceitos da abordagem e as características presentes no transtorno. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, dentro do período de 2005 a 2015 (com exceção de obras clássicas que estão presentes em edições mais antigas). Os resultados encontrados comprovam que por não perceber a aceitação através do meio o sujeito de personalidade dependente está sempre se adequando ao outro, ou seja, distorce seu verdadeiro self. Para tanto, discutiu-se que o processo de formação de self somado ao ambiente disponível para o desenvolvimento da personalidade, quando não se demonstra favorável, ocorre uma distorção da noção de si,provocando a formação do transtorno de personalidade dependente.(AU)

This article aims to discuss the Person Centered Approach understanding about the affective dependence, specifying the symptoms of the affective dependence, the self concept formation, and the relationship between the concepts of the approach and the characteristics present in the disorder. For this, a literature review will be held within the period from 2005 to 2015 (except for work basis that are stated in earlier editions). The results were that by the lack of acceptance found in the enviroment that surounds the human being affected by this disorder, the person with the dependent personality will be always adapting to the others, causing the distortion of the true self. To do so, it was discussed that the self -forming process plus the environment available for the personality development, when it is not favorable, it occurs a distortion of the self, causing the dependent personality disorder formation.(AU)

Este Este articulo tiene como objetivo discutir lacomprensióndel Enfoque Centrado enla Persona sobre la Dependencia Afectiva, especificando los sintomas de ladependenciaefectiva, conceptos de formación del self, y larelación entre los conceptos del enfoque y las características presentes enel transtorno. Para esto, fuehecha una busqueda bibliográfica, desde elaño 2005 hasta elaño 2015 (conexepción de losclásicos que están presentes enlasediciones más antiguas). Los resultados obtenidoscomprueban que por no percibirlaaceptación a través del médio, elsujeto de personalidaddependiente está siempreadecuandose al otro, es decir, distorsionasuverdaderoself. Para esto, se discutió que elproceso de formación de self, sumado al ambiente disponible para eldesarrollo de lapersonalidad, cuando no se demuestrafavorable, se produce una distorción de lanoción de símismo, provocando laformacióndel transtorno de lapersonalidaddependiente.(AU)

Dependencia afectiva: abordaje desde una perspectiva contextual / Affective dependence: an approach of contextual perspective

Resumen El artículo presenta una revisión teórica de la dependencia afectiva desde el punto de vista del análisis de la conducta y el contextualismo funcional. Se exponen algunos dilemas encontrados en la literatura sobre su relación con el apego y su conceptualización como un nuevo tipo de adicción. Posteriormente, se analizan las manifestaciones clínicas principales, enfocándose en las diferentes áreas de comportamiento, así como algunas de las habilidades básicas manifiestas en situaciones de interacción social y solución de problemas. Finalmente, se aborda una propuesta de intervención derivada de la terapia conductual contemporánea y las subsecuentes terapias de tercera generación.

Abstract The article presents a theoretical review of Affective dependence based on the analysis of behavior and the functional context. Describes some dilemmas found at the literature about their relationship with the attachment and their conceptualization as a new kind of addiction. Then, analyzes the main clinical manifestations in the different areas of behavior and some of basic skills that are manifested in social interaction situations and the capacity of solve problems. Finally, proposes an intervention derived of contemporary behavioral therapy and the thirdgeneration therapies.

Dependencia afectiva y género: perfil sintomático diferencial en dependientes afectivos españoles / Affective dependence and gender: symptomatic profile in Spanish affective dependents

Se ofrece un análisis clínico y psicosocial de la Dependencia Afectiva descrita como un tipo de dependencia sentimental caracterizada por la manifestación de comportamientos adictivos de apego patológico en la relación interpersonal. Se han evaluado los factores sintomáticos diferenciales de 78 casos diagnosticados de dependencia afectiva mediante el Test de Dependencias Sentimentales (TDS-100) con respecto a la población general (N=311). Según el perfil hallado se comprueba que los dependientes afectivos experimentan una dependencia pura con posesividad y manifestación de craving y abstinencia, presentan desajustes afectivos en forma de sentimientos negativos (culpa, vacío emocional, miedo al abandono) e inescapabilidad emocional, manifiestan conflictos de Identidad (pseudosimbiosis) y usan un locus de control externo. En población clínica se ha hallado que los varones son más buscadores de sensaciones y se muestran más inflexibles (Yo rígido) y las mujeres emplean más mecanismos de negación y no afrontamiento con conciencia de problema nula o distorsionada.(AU)

It offers a clinical and psychosocial analysis of the Affective Dependence, described as a type of sentimental dependence characterized by the manifestation of addictive behaviors of pathological attachment in the interpersonal relation. We have evaluated the symptomatic differential factors of 78 cases diagnosed of affective dependence by means of the Test of Sentimental Dependences (TDS-100) with regard to the general population (N=311). In agreement to the found differential profile in affective dependents we verify that they show a pure Dependence with possessively and craving and abstinence, they develop experience affective disruptions with negative feelings (blame, emotional vacuum, fear of abandonment), and emotional inscape sentiment, identity conflicts (pseudo symbiosis) and an extern control locus. In clinical population has found that the males are more seekers of sensations and they prove a stiff Self and the women use more mechanisms of denial and not confrontation, with void or distorted conscience of problem.(AU)