The Logic and Value of the Presumption of Doli Incapax (Failing That, an Incapacity Defence).

Children who do not understand the serious wrongness of their actions lack criminal capacity and cannot be convicted. At common law, children under seven are deemed to lack criminal capacity, children over 14 possess full capacity and children between seven and 14 are rebuttably presumed to lack capacity; the prosecution must prove capacity beyond reasonable doubt. Australia has increased the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) to 10 and is considering a further increase. England & Wales and Northern Ireland have raised the MACR to 10 but have abolished the rebuttable presumption: at age 10, all children are assigned full criminal capacity. This article agrees with international calls for the MACR to be raised but argues that it is more important that the rebuttable presumption should be retained and extended. Children's brains and decision-making capacities continue to develop throughout their teenage years at different rates. The rebuttable presumption provides individualised justice for children facing developmental difficulties. To wrongfully convict a child who lacks capacity will unjustly damage their life chances. Where a child does have capacity, a variety of evidence may be available to the prosecution to prove it. If the prosecution fails to discharge the burden, the child should be acquitted. The acquittal may be mistaken, but this error is far less harmful than a wrongful conviction.

Premolar maturity index (IPM) for indicating legal age 12 years in a sample of south Indian children - A digital pantomographic study.

Legal age of 12 years has been set as the minimum age of criminal responsibility in many countries. This paper concerned a method for predicting the legal age 12 years based on the maturation of lower first and second premolars. The sample consisted of 900 digital pantomographs of south Indian children (450 males, 450 females) aged between 8 and 16 years. Among them, 580 DPTs were used as test sample and 320 DPTs as validation sample. New cut-offs at the age threshold 12 years were determined by using the measurement of open apices in first premolars (IPM1 < 0.10), second premolars (IPM2 < 0.14) and the combined method (IPM1 + IPM2 < 0.12). The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and posttest probability (PTP) were established. For IPM1 < 0.10, the Se, Sp and PTP were 92.4 %, 91.3 % and 91.1 % for males and 90.8 %, 87 % and 86.5 % for females. For IPM2 < 0.14, they were 92.6 %, 93.6 % and 93.4 % for males and 91.5 %, 83.1 % and 83.4 % for females. And, for the combined predictor (IPM1 + IPM2 < 0.12), these values were 92.6 %, 94.8 % and 94.6 % and 90.5 %, 84.9 % and 84.7 % in males and females respectively. The best score of positive predictive value and specificity was obtained for males with the combined predictor (IPM1 + IPM2 < 0.12) and with single predictor (IPM1 < 0.10) for females. To conclude, the combined predictor has resulted in better discrimination in males, while in females the single predictor (IMP1 < 0.10) did slightly better. Further studies are warranted to test the combination of dental and skeletal indicators for the prediction of 12 years in the studied population.

Implementation of Canada's youth justice minimum age of 12: implications for children in Canada and globally.

Youth justice minimum age thresholds vary widely and are garnering increased global attention. In 1984, legislation in Canada excluded all children under age 12 from its youth justice system, yet few studies have examined implementation of the statute. We interviewed 22 experts across Canada to understand how the law functions and to guide responses in Canada and other nations. We used an inductive, thematic analysis process. Experts reported that excluding children under 12 from Canada's youth justice system has been effective in eliminating juvenile legal processing for children under 12, and promoting responses that identify and address the root causes of children's disruptive behavior outside of the legal system. Experts noted that addressing key gaps in funding and community service provision can reduce service variation by geography, race or ethnicity, socio-economic status, and ability or disability status and can enhance youths' success. Canada's experience suggests that for optimal implementation, minimum age laws should be coupled with robust funding and sufficient service provision to achieve racial justice and health equity.

Mental health, welfare or justice: An introductory global overview of differences between countries in the scale and approach to secure placements of children and young people.

BACKGROUND: Estimates suggest that over a million children per year are deprived of their liberty across the world. Little is known about the types, ethos or distribution of secure beds in which they are detained. AIM: This study aims to provide quantitative data with background information, to explore similarities and differences across jurisdictions, and to inform critical inquiry into key concepts and practices. METHODS: Data was obtained using an opportunistic sample of affluent countries, derived from an emerging academic/practice network of senior professionals. Depending on jurisdiction, data was already in the public domain or specifically requested. Data requests were related to the nature and size of health, welfare and criminal justice elements of secure beds and recent occupancy. Key professionals working in child secure settings, within jurisdictions, provided commentary on local approaches. RESULTS: Data was incomplete but allowed for comparisons between 10 jurisdictions. The proportions of the populations of children and young people detained varied by jurisdiction as did their distribution across variations of secure settings. Not all jurisdictions had all three kinds of secure settings. Definitions of secure beds varied depending on the use of relational, procedural or physical security. CONCLUSION: Findings are tentative but suggestion solely considering numerical descriptions of children's detention is misleading; our study highlights ways in which comparative studies may be improved. Within reported jurisdictions, the framework of health, welfare and justice was meaningful but this may not hold true with a wider international application of this method. Open interrogation of this data would be enhanced by the inclusion of children's perspectives.

Psychometric Challenges in the Measurement of Constructs Underlying Criminal Responsibility in Children and Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

At present, many countries have lowered the minimum age of criminal responsibility to deal with the trend of juvenile crime. In practical terms, whether countries advocate for lowering the age of criminal responsibility along with early puberty, or regulating the minimum age of juvenile criminal responsibility through their policies, their deep-rooted hypothesis is that age is tied to adolescents' psychological growth, and, with the rise in age, the capacity for dialectical thinking, self-control, and empathy gradually improves. With this study, we aimed to test whether this hypothesis is valid. The participants were 3,208 students from junior high school, senior high school, and freshman in the S province of the People's Republic of China (PRC). We subjected the gathered materials to independent-samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression analysis, and Bonferroni post hoc test. The influence of the age variable upon dialectical thinking, self-control, and empathy was significant (p = 0.002, p = 0.000, p = 0.072), but only empathy was positively correlated with age variable (B = 0.032); dialectical thinking ability (B = -0.057), and self-control ability (B = -0.212) were negatively correlated with the age variable. Bonferroni post hoc test confirmed these findings. Therefore, we concluded the following: (1) Juvenile criminal responsibility, based on the capacity for dialectical thinking, self-control, and empathy, is not positively correlated with age. (2) Age is not the only basis on which to judge a juvenile's criminal responsibility. (3) More research that directly links age differences in brain structure and function to age differences in legally relevant capacities and capabilities(e.g., dialectical thinking, self-control, and empathy) is needed. (4) Political countries should appropriately raise the minimum age of criminal responsibility and adopt the doli incapax principle in the judicial process.

Prior Probabilities and the Age Threshold Problem: First and Second Molar Development.

Dental development has been used to assess whether an individual may be below or above an age that serves as a legal threshold. This study used development of the first and second mandibular molars from a large sample of individuals (N = 2,676) to examine the age threshold for minimum age of criminal responsibility. A bivariate ordered probit model was applied to dental scores following the Moorrees et al. (1963) system, with the addition of a crypt-absent/present stage. Then a 10-fold cross-validation within each of the sexes showed that the bivariate models produce unbiased estimates of age but are heteroskedastic (with increasing spread of the estimates against actual age). To address the age threshold problem, a normal prior centered on the threshold is assumed, and the product of the prior and the likelihood is integrated up to the age threshold and again starting at the age threshold. The ratio of these two integrals is a Bayes factor, which because the prior is symmetric around the threshold, can also be interpreted as the posterior odds that an individual is over versus under the age threshold. It was necessary to assume an unreasonably high standard deviation of age in the prior to achieve posterior odds that were well above "evens." These results indicate that dental developmental evidence from the first and second molars is of limited use in examining the question of whether an individual is below or over the minimum age of criminal responsibility. As the third molar is more variable in its development than the first two molars, the question of dental evidence regarding the age of majority (generally 18 years) remains problematic.

A cut-off value of third molar maturity index for indicating a minimum age of criminal responsibility: Older or younger than 16 years?

Providing appropriate legal mechanisms, that evaluate the progression of development from the age of childhood innocence to maturity and full responsibility, considered one of the difficult areas of criminal justice policy. The minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) in children varies among countries and differs widely owing to history and culture. Due to rising and brutality of criminal offenses, particularly by juveniles, few countries have lowered the minimum age of criminal responsibility, and many have considered/considering to do the same. India is one such country in which is under the proposal of lowering the age of criminal responsibility to 16 years. As there is lack of useful age assessment methods, that can indicate whether if the individual in question is younger (<16 years) or older than MACR (≥16 years), the present study was undertaken to derive a specific cut-off value of the third molar maturity index (I3M) for this purpose. The sample consisted of 1078 orthopantomograms (OPTs) from Andhra Pradesh, India, aged between 11 and 20 years (45.4% males and 54.6% females). The reproducibility of I3M was calculated by intra-class correlation coefficients, which showed an intra-rater and inter-rater agreement of 0.912 and 0.891, respectively. The sample was divided into training dataset (819 OPTs), to test I3M and gender as independent variables and MACR as a dependent variable by logistic regression analysis, and test dataset (259 OPTs). A receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the specific cut-off value of I3M for predicting MACR status. A logistic regression analysis showed that gender was not statistically significant for predicting MACR status while ROC analysis indicated a cut-off value of I3M = 0.293 as best for predicting MACR status. The performance of derived cut-off value was tested in a test data set. The sensitivity of the test was 90.6% and 90%, while specificity was 86% and 87.1% in males and females, respectively. The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 88.0% and 88.7% in males and females, respectively. The estimated Bayes post-test probability in males was 87.2% and while in females it was 88.3%. The results highlight the contribution of the derived cut-off value of I3M for discriminating individuals around MACR and should be evaluated in other populations.

Adolescências e judicialização da conduta juvenil / Adolescences and court-based intervention on juvenile conduct / Adolescencias y judicialización de la desviación juvenil

A recente retomada da proposição do rebaixamento da idade penal no parlamento brasileiro, em meio a um cenário de crise política e avanço de ideologias conservadoras, se articula com outros fatores, tais como a realização de megaeventos esportivos no Brasil – Copa do Mundo (2014) e Olimpíadas (2016), de forma a interferir no próprio caráter das leis. Assim mesmo, outro evento que fez aquecer o debate sobre a imputabilidade penal tanto no meio acadêmico, quanto no âmbito da sociedade foi a admissibilidade da Proposta de Emenda Constitucional (PEC 171/93), em abril de 2015. É interesse desse estudo discutir as formulações legais que afirmam ou restringem direitos sociais dos adolescentes na sociedade capitalista contemporânea. Por outro lado, interessa também analisar as políticas públicas propostas para a aplicação dessas mesmas leis, ambas entranhadas por concepções de adolescência construídas historicamente, no sentido de pensar os efeitos judicializantes produzidos com a execução das leis. Neste percurso, apresenta as áreas em análise neste texto, quais sejam: o contexto histórico e os marcos legais para crianças e adolescentes no Brasil; os significados culturais e os valores sociais relacionados à adolescência em uma perspectiva semióticocultural, considerando a interdependência entre os movimentos de reforma dos marcos legais e fatores históricos, culturais e econômicos; e, por fim, analisa-se como a criminalização juvenil e a judicialização das relações humanas na contemporaneidade conferem primazia às ações coercitivas e correcionais, em detrimento das ações educacionais.

Brazilian Parliament has just revisited the bill to reducing the age of criminal responsibility, right in the middle of a political crisis, for the advancement of conservative ideologies. There is a larger picture, including the mega sporting events in Brazil – the World Cup (2014) and the Olympics (2016), where the very character of the law is at stake. As the Proposal for Amendment to the Constitution (PEC 171/93) was admitted in April 2015, it heated the debate on criminal responsibility both in academia and in society at large. This study is interested not only in the legal formulation affirming or restricting social rights of adolescents in contemporary capitalist society, but also in proposals of public policy for legal enforcement. Both initiatives are at odds with the historically built conceptions of adolescence. As a result, the judicial effects produced by the enforcement of legislation becomes under scrutiny. Along the way, the study covers the following areas: historical context and legal framework for children and adolescents in Brazil; cultural meanings and social values related to adolescence in a semiotic-cultural perspective, considering the interdependence among legal reform movements and historical, cultural and economic factors; and finally, there is a take on how juvenile criminalization and the judicialization of human relations in the contemporary world give primacy to coercive and corrective actions, tothe detriment of educational ones.

La reanudación de la propuesta de reducción de la edad penal en el parlamento brasileño, en medio de una crisis política y el avance de ideologías conservadoras, se articula con otros factores, tales como la realización de mega eventos deportivos en Brasil -el Mundial de Fútbol (2014) y los Juegos Olímpicos (2016)- con reflejos en el propio carácter de las leyes. La admisibilidad de la Propuesta de Enmienda Constitucional (PEC 171/93), en abril de 2015, ha intensificado el debate sobre la imputabilidad penal tanto en el medio académico, como en el ámbito de la sociedad. Es interés de este estudio discutir acerca de las formulaciones legales que afirman o restringen derechos sociales de los adolescentes en la sociedad capitalista contemporánea. De otra parte, interesa también analizar las políticas públicas propuestas para aplicación de esas mismas leyes, ambas entrañadas por concepciones de adolescencia construidas históricamente, en el sentido de pensar los efectos de judicialización producidos con la ejecución de las legislaciones. En este sentido, presenta las áreas en análisis en este texto, cuáles son: el contexto histórico y los marcos legales para niños y adolescentes en Brasil; los significados culturales y los valores sociales relacionados con la adolescencia en una perspectiva semiótica y cultural, considerando la interdependencia entre los movimientos de reforma de los marcos legales y factores históricos, culturales y económicos; y, por fin, se analiza cómo la criminalización juvenil y la judicialización de las relaciones humanas en la contemporaneidad hacen predominar las acciones coercitivas y correccionales, frente a las acciones educativas.

Adolescências e judicialização da conduta juvenil / Adolescences and court-based intervention on juvenile conduct / Adolescencias y judicialización de la desviación juvenil

A recente retomada da proposição do rebaixamento da idade penal no parlamento brasileiro, em meio a um cenário de crise política e avanço de ideologias conservadoras, se articula com outros fatores, tais como a realização de megaeventos esportivos no Brasil – Copa do Mundo (2014) e Olimpíadas (2016), de forma a interferir no próprio caráter das leis. Assim mesmo, outro evento que fez aquecer o debate sobre a imputabilidade penal tanto no meio acadêmico, quanto no âmbito da sociedade foi a admissibilidade da Proposta de Emenda Constitucional (PEC 171/93), em abril de 2015. É interesse desse estudo discutir as formulações legais que afirmam ou restringem direitos sociais dos adolescentes na sociedade capitalista contemporânea. Por outro lado, interessa também analisar as políticas públicas propostas para a aplicação dessas mesmas leis, ambas entranhadas por concepções de adolescência construídas historicamente, no sentido de pensar os efeitos judicializantes produzidos com a execução das leis. Neste percurso, apresenta as áreas em análise neste texto, quais sejam: o contexto histórico e os marcos legais para crianças e adolescentes no Brasil; os significados culturais e os valores sociais relacionados à adolescência em uma perspectiva semióticocultural, considerando a interdependência entre os movimentos de reforma dos marcos legais e fatores históricos, culturais e econômicos; e, por fim, analisa-se como a criminalização juvenil e a judicialização das relações humanas na contemporaneidade conferem primazia às ações coercitivas e correcionais, em detrimento das ações educacionais.(AU)

Brazilian Parliament has just revisited the bill to reducing the age of criminal responsibility, right in the middle of a political crisis, for the advancement of conservative ideologies. There is a larger picture, including the mega sporting events in Brazil – the World Cup (2014) and the Olympics (2016), where the very character of the law is at stake. As the Proposal for Amendment to the Constitution (PEC 171/93) was admitted in April 2015, it heated the debate on criminal responsibility both in academia and in society at large. This study is interested not only in the legal formulation affirming or restricting social rights of adolescents in contemporary capitalist society, but also in proposals of public policy for legal enforcement. Both initiatives are at odds with the historically built conceptions of adolescence. As a result, the judicial effects produced by the enforcement of legislation becomes under scrutiny. Along the way, the study covers the following areas: historical context and legal framework for children and adolescents in Brazil; cultural meanings and social values related to adolescence in a semiotic-cultural perspective, considering the interdependence among legal reform movements and historical, cultural and economic factors; and finally, there is a take on how juvenile criminalization and the judicialization of human relations in the contemporary world give primacy to coercive and corrective actions, tothe detriment of educational ones.(AU)

La reanudación de la propuesta de reducción de la edad penal en el parlamento brasileño, en medio de una crisis política y el avance de ideologías conservadoras, se articula con otros factores, tales como la realización de mega eventos deportivos en Brasil -el Mundial de Fútbol (2014) y los Juegos Olímpicos (2016)- con reflejos en el propio carácter de las leyes. La admisibilidad de la Propuesta de Enmienda Constitucional (PEC 171/93), en abril de 2015, ha intensificado el debate sobre la imputabilidad penal tanto en el medio académico, como en el ámbito de la sociedad. Es interés de este estudio discutir acerca de las formulaciones legales que afirman o restringen derechos sociales de los adolescentes en la sociedad capitalista contemporánea. De otra parte, interesa también analizar las políticas públicas propuestas para aplicación de esas mismas leyes, ambas entrañadas por concepciones de adolescencia construidas históricamente, en el sentido de pensar los efectos de judicialización producidos con la ejecución de las legislaciones. En este sentido, presenta las áreas en análisis en este texto, cuáles son: el contexto histórico y los marcos legales para niños y adolescentes en Brasil; los significados culturales y los valores sociales relacionados con la adolescencia en una perspectiva semiótica y cultural, considerando la interdependencia entre los movimientos de reforma de los marcos legales y factores históricos, culturales y económicos; y, por fin, se analiza cómo la criminalización juvenil y la judicialización de las relaciones humanas en la contemporaneidad hacen predominar las acciones coercitivas y correccionales, frente a las acciones educativas.(AU)

Propostas de redução da idade penal no Brasil e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente / Proposals to reduce the age of criminal responsibility in Brazil and the Child and Adolescent Statute / Propuestas de reducción de la edad penal en Brasil y el Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente

Neste artigo discutimos como as propostas de redução da idade penal no Brasil tensionam o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. A partir da genealogia e da arqueologia propostas por Michel Foucault analisamos as Propostas de Emenda Constitucional apresentadas pela Câmara de Deputados entre os anos de 1993 e 2013. Nossa análise indica que as propostas criticam o critério cronológico adotado pelo Estatuto e propõem sua substituição pelo que chamam de critério subjetivo-psicológico. Postos em oposição aos direitos sociais, os direitos civis são tomados como balizadores de uma responsabilização dos sujeitos jovens, tornando-os mais penalizáveis. Por fim, as propostas fazem uma série de críticas à ineficácia do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Essas críticas não são produzidas no sentido de ampliar a efetivação das atuais políticas, mas de instrumentar o recrudescimento punitivo a partir da desqualificação do Estatuto.

This paper discusses how the proposals to reduce the age of criminal responsibility in Brazil strain the Statute of Children and Adolescents. Applying the archaeological and genealogical methods of Michel Foucault we analyze the constitutional amendment proposals presented by the country's Chamber of Deputies between 1993 and 2013. Our analysis points out that the proposals criticize the chronological criteria adopted by the Statute and propose replacing it with the so-called subjective-psychological criteria. Placed in opposition to social rights, civil rights are used as a reference to hold young subjects responsible, thereby making them more penalizable. Finally, the proposals critique the ineffectiveness of the Statute of Children and Adolescents. These critiques are not the result of attempts to expand the efficacy of current policies, but rather to implement a punitive upsurge starting with the disqualification of the Statute.

En este artículo discutimos cómo las propuestas de reducción de la edad penal en Brasil tensionan el Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente. A partir de la arqueología y de la genealogía propuestas por Michel Foucault analizamos las Propuestas de Enmienda a la Constitución presentadas por la Cámara de Diputados entre los años 1993 y 2013. Nuestro análisis indica que las propuestas critican el criterio cronológico adoptado por el Estatuto y proponen su sustitución por lo que califican de criterio subjetivo/psicológico. Puestos en oposición a los derechos sociales, los derechos civiles son utilizados como referenciales de una responsabilización de los sujetos jóvenes, volviéndolos más penalizables. Finalmente, las propuestas hacen críticas a la ineficacia del Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente. Estas críticas no son producidas en el sentido de ampliar la efectuación de las actuales políticas, pero de instrumentar el recrudecimiento punitivo a partir de la descalificación del Estatuto.

Redução da idade penal, tecnologias de informação e maturidade: questões à psicologia / On the relations between information, maturity, and reduction of the age of criminal responsibility in Brazil / Sobre las relaciones entre información, madurez y reducción de la edad penal en Brasil

Nesse artigo, discutimos como as propostas de redução da idade penal no Brasil relacionam a expansão das tecnologias de informação e dos meios de comunicação de massa a uma mudança de maturidade dos jovens. A partir da arqueologia proposta por Michel Foucault, analisamos as Propostas de Emenda Constitucional apresentadas pela Câmara de Deputados entre os anos de 1993 e 2013. Os discursos produzidos por esses materiais atrelam meios de comunicação e tecnologias de informação com um amadurecimento psíquico precoce dos jovens e um maior grau de discernimento. Assim, propõem um deslocamento do critério cronológico de imputabilidade para a avaliação técnica da maturidade, convocando especialistas a subsidiarem decisões judiciais. Concluímos que, a partir dos efeitos de processos sociais, como o acesso à informação, os documentos propõem mais individualização das formas de punição sobre os jovens, implicando em embates políticos e éticos sobre a atuação da Psicologia nesse contexto.

This paper discusses how the proposals to reduce the age of criminal responsibility in Brazil link the expansion of information technologies and the mass media to a change in maturity of young people. Applying the archaeological method of Michel Foucault we analyze the constitutional amendment proposals presented by the country's Chamber of Deputies between 1993 and 2013. The discourses produced by these materials associate the media and information technologies with an early psychic maturation of young people and a greater degree of judgment. Thus, they propose a shift of chronological criteria for accountability in the technical evaluation of maturity, summoning experts to support judgments. We arrive at the conclusion that from the effects of social processes, such as access to information, the documents propose more individualization of forms of punishment on young people, implying political and ethical conflicts about the role of psychology in this context.

En este artículo discutimos cómo las propuestas de reducción de la edad penal en Brasil relacionan la expansión de las tecnologías de la información y de los medios de comunicación con un cambio de madurez de los jóvenes. A partir de la arqueología propuesta por Michel Foucault analizamos las Propuestas de Enmienda a la Constitución presentadas por la Cámara de Diputados entre los años 1993 y 2013. Los discursos producidos por estos materiales vinculan medios de comunicación y tecnologías de la información a una maduración psíquica precoz de los jóvenes y un mayor grado de discernimiento. Por lo tanto, proponen un desplazamiento del criterio cronológico de imputabilidad para la evaluación técnica de la madurez, convocando a expertos para subsidiar juicios. Llegamos a la conclusión de que a partir de los efectos de los procesos sociales, como el acceso a la información, los documentos proponen más individualización de las formas de castigo hacia los jóvenes, implicando embates políticos y éticos sobre la actuación de la Psicología en este contexto.

Medida socioeducativa de internação: estratégia punitiva ou protetiva? / Medida socioeducativa de internamiento: estrategia de represión o de protección? / Socio-educational measure of internment: punitive or protective strategy?

Este artigo problematiza como os jovens em conflito com a lei são administrados nas medidas socioeducativas de internação e busca a discussão das diferenças entre as formas de atender aqueles que recebem medidas de proteção e aqueles que recebem medidas socioeducativas. No que concerne à gestão, encontra-se uma separação na administração das medidas de proteção e das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto, geridas pela Assistência Social, e as medidas socioeducativas de internação, geridas pela Segurança Pública. A pesquisa se desenvolveu pelo método cartográfico, que abrangeu entrevistas realizadas com profissionais do sistema socioeducativo, visitas às unidades de internação, leitura de processos jurídicos e oitivas de audiências na Vara da Infância e da Juventude. Conclui-se que a proteção integral preconizada pelo ECA não atinge todos, como é o caso dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei que estão internados, tendo seus direitos violados em prol da manutenção da segurança da população.

Este artículo problematiza cómo los jóvenes en conflicto con la ley son administrados en las medidas educativas de internación y busca la discusión de las diferencias entre las formas de atención a los que reciben medidas de protección y los que reciben medidas educativas de internación. Con respecto a la gestión, hay una separación en la administración de las medidas de protección y medidas educativas en libertad, gestionados por la Asistencia Social, y las medidas educativas en internación, gestionados por la Seguridad Pública. La investigación fue desarrollada por el método cartográfico, que incluyó entrevistas con profesionales del sistema socioeducativo, visitas a unidades de internación, lectura de casos judiciales y audiencias en la Corte de la Niñez y Juventud. Llegase a conclusión de que la plena protección defendida por el ECA no llega a todos, como es el caso de los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley que están internados, teniendo sus derechos violados por el bien de la seguridad de la población.

This paper problematizes the ways of treatment between those in protective actions, regarded as victims and those under social-educative detention, perceived as dangerous. Moreover, there is a division regarding the way protective actions and social-educative sentences have been applied by Social Assistance, in terms of management, comparing to the way social-educative sentences have been served, managed by Public Security. This research was developed using a cartographic method, which has delineated interviews with professionals who work at social-educative system, visiting juvenile detention institutions, as well as reading judicial processes and hearings at Juvenile Justice System. It has been concluded that the right to integral protection as advocated by ECA has not reached all, particularly those whose protection is urgent, as it is the case of adolescents in conflict with the law that are having their rights violated in favor of the maintenance of population security.

MEDIDA SOCIOEDUCATIVA DE INTERNAÇÃO: ESTRATÉGIA PUNITIVA OU PROTETIVA? / MEDIDA EDUCATIVA DE INTERNACIÓN: ESTRATEGIA PUNITIVA O PROTECTORA? / SOCIAL-EDUCATIVE SENTENCE: PUNITIVE OR PROTECTIVE STRATEGY?

ResumoEste artigo problematiza como os jovens em conflito com a lei são administrados nas medidas socioeducativas de internação e busca a discussão das diferenças entre as formas de atender aqueles que recebem medidas de proteção e aqueles que recebem medidas socioeducativas. No que concerne à gestão, encontra-se uma separação na administração das medidas de proteção e das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto, geridas pela Assistência Social, e as medidas socioeducativas de internação, geridas pela Segurança Pública. A pesquisa se desenvolveu pelo método cartográfico, que abrangeu entrevistas realizadas com profissionais do sistema socioeducativo, visitas às unidades de internação, leitura de processos jurídicos e oitivas de audiências na Vara da Infância e da Juventude. Conclui-se que a proteção integral preconizada pelo ECA não atinge todos, como é o caso dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei que estão internados, tendo seus direitos violados em prol da manutenção da segurança da população.(AU)

ResumenEste artículo problematiza cómo los jóvenes en conflicto con la ley son administrados en las medidas educativas de internación y busca la discusión de las diferencias entre las formas de atención a los que reciben medidas de protección y los que reciben medidas educativas de internación. Con respecto a la gestión, hay una separación en la administración de las medidas de protección y medidas educativas en libertad, gestionados por la Asistencia Social, y las medidas educativas en internación, gestionados por la Seguridad Pública. La investigación fue desarrollada por el método cartográfico, que incluyó entrevistas con profesionales del sistema socioeducativo, visitas a unidades de internación, lectura de casos judiciales y audiencias en la Corte de la Niñez y Juventud. Llegase a conclusión de que la plena protección defendida por el ECA no llega a todos, como es el caso de los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley que están internados, teniendo sus derechos violados por el bien de la seguridad de la población.(AU)

AbstractThis paper problematizes the ways of treatment between those in protective actions, regarded as victims and those under social-educative detention, perceived as dangerous. Moreover, there is a division regarding the way protective actions and social-educative sentences have been applied by Social Assistance, in terms of management, comparing to the way social-educative sentences have been served, managed by Public Security. This research was developed using a cartographic method, which has delineated interviews with professionals who work at social-educative system, visiting juvenile detention institutions, as well as reading judicial processes and hearings at Juvenile Justice System. It has been concluded that the right to integral protection as advocated by ECA has not reached all, particularly those whose protection is urgent, as it is the case of adolescents in conflict with the law that are having their rights violated in favor of the maintenance of population security.(AU)