RESUMO
Pillared clays (PILCs) are interesting materials mostly due to their high basal spacing and surface area, which make them suitable for adsorption and catalysis applications, for example. However, the production of these materials on industrial scale is dependent on research about what parameters influence the process. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate what parameters influence the pillaring procedure. For this, pillared clays were synthesized following three series of experiments. In the first series, the effect of the amount of water in a clay suspension was evaluated. The best results were obtained by using diluted suspensions (1 g of clay to 100 mL of water). In the second series, several pillaring methods were tested. In the third series, the amount of pillared clay was raised to 50 g. Fifty grams of pillared clay can be obtained using the pillaring agent synthesized at 60 °C with further aging for 24 h, and this material exhibited high basal spacing (17.6 Å) and surface area (233 m²/g). These values are comparable with the traditional pillaring method using only 3 g of clay.
RESUMO
En este trabajo se realizó la síntesis de bentonita pilarizada con aluminio en medio concentrado, empleando ultrasonido en la etapa de intercalación. El agente pilarizante fue preparado por hidrólisis del AlCl3 con NaOH, seguido de precipitación con disolución de Na2SO4 y redisolución en Ba(NO3)2, y fue caracterizado por fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX), difracción de rayos X (DRX), microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y resonancia magnética nuclear de aluminio (27Al-RMN). La arcilla pilarizada fue caracterizada por FRX, DRX y fisiadsorción de N2 a 77 K, revelando propiedades estructurales y texturales comparables a la modificada siguiendo la metodología convencional: suspensiones diluidas y tiempos de intercalación elevados. El empleo de suspensiones concentradas de arcilla- agente pilarizante y la aplicación de ultrasonido en la etapa de intercalación permiten una disminución en el volumen de agua entre el 90-95% y una reducción en el tiempo de intercalación entre el 70–93%respecto almétodo convencional de pilarización.
The synthesis of pillared bentonite with aluminum in concentrated media, using ultrasound at the intercalation step was done. The pillaring agent was prepared by hydrolysis of AlCl3 with NaOH, followed by precipitation with a Na2SO4 disolution and redisolution with a Ba(NO3)2. The pillaring agent was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance for aluminum (27Al-NMR). The pillared clay was characterized by XRF, XRD and N2 adsorption to 77 K. The pillared bentonite with aluminum in concentrated media using ultrasound at the intercalation step, presents structural and textural properties comparable to the sample modified by the conventional method: diluted suspensions and high intercalation time. Additionally, the use of clay-pillaring agent in concentrated suspensions and ultrasound at the intercalation step allows a 90-95% decrease in the volume of water and a reduction in the intercalation times between 70-93% with respect to the conventional synthesis.
Este estudo foi realizado síntese de bentonite pilarizada com alumínio concentrada no meio, utilizando ultra-som na fase de intercalação. O agente pilarizante foi preparado por hidrólise de AlCl3 com NaOH, seguido de precipitação solução Na2SO4 e redisolución Ba(NO3)2. O agente pilarizante foi caracterizado por fluorescência de raios-X (FRX), difração de raios X(DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e ressonância magnética nuclear de alumínio (27Al-RMN).A argila pilarizada foi caracterizado por FRX, DRX e fisiadsorción N2 a 77 K. A bentonite pilarizada com alumínio concentrada no meio e utilizando ultra-som na fase de intercalação, introduz propriedades estruturais e texturais comparável ao alterada na sequência do método convencional: suspensões e diluído intercalação tempo elevado. Adicionalmente, o uso de suspensões concentradas argila-agente pilarizante e da aplicação do ultra-som na fase de intercalação permitir uma diminuição do volume de água entre 90-95% e uma redução do tempo de intercalação entre 70-93% no que diz respeito ao método convencional de pilarización.