Is alcohol outlet availability associated with binge drinking in Canadian young adults? Findings from British Columbia and Quebec.

OBJECTIVES: Alcohol availability is associated with alcohol consumption and related harms, but there is less evidence on associations with heavy episodic drinking (HED), a drinking pattern prevalent among young adults. This study aimed to assess the associations between alcohol availability and HED among young Canadians. METHODS: We used a population-based sample of Canadian urban-dwelling young adult drinkers (18‒29 years) from the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS; cycles 2015‒2019). We linked data from CCHS respondents in British Columbia and Quebec with two measures of alcohol availability for both offsite and onsite outlets: density (AOD) and accessibility (SAI) within dissemination areas (N = 1,067,747). We used logistic regression to estimate the associations between alcohol availability and monthly HED, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: The associations between availability and HED differed by province, and availability measure. In British Columbia, offsite and onsite accessibility using SAI was inversely associated with HED. For example, living in neighbourhoods with medium alcohol accessibility (as compared to low) was significantly associated with reduced odds of HED (offsite OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.17‒0.64; onsite OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27‒0.89). In Quebec, offsite availability was positively associated with HED using SAI (although not statistically significant) while no clear trend was seen for onsite availability. CONCLUSION: Results were consistent with previous evidence. Restricting spatial availability of alcohol remains an important public health strategy for decreasing the ease/convenience of access. Understanding why patterns of availability and drinking differ across regions could inform regionally tailored policies.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: La disponibilité des points de vente d'alcool (PVA) dans les quartiers est associée à la consommation d'alcool et aux méfaits qui y sont reliés, mais il y a encore peu de données probantes sur les associations avec la forte consommation épisodique, un mode de consommation d'alcool répandu chez les jeunes adultes. Cette étude visait à évaluer les associations entre la disponibilité des PVA et la forte consommation épisodique d'alcool chez les jeunes adultes canadiens. MéTHODES: Nous avons analysé les données de jeunes adultes (18 à 29 ans) ayant participé à l'Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC; cycles 2015‒2019) et vivant en milieu urbain en Colombie-Britannique et au Québec. Nous avons couplé ces données à deux mesures de disponibilité des PVA : la densité et l'accessibilité calculées à l'échelle des aires de diffusion (N = 1 067 747). Nous avons estimé les associations entre la disponibilité des PVA, en distinguant les PVA à consommer sur place (p. ex., bars) et pour emporter (p. ex., dépanneurs), et la forte consommation épisodique d'alcool à l'aide de modèles de régression logistique ajustés pour les variables de confusion potentielle. RéSULTATS: Les associations entre la disponibilité des PVA et la forte consommation épisodique différaient selon la province et la mesure de disponibilité choisie. En Colombie-Britannique, l'accessibilité aux PVA à consommer sur place et à emporter était inversement associée à une forte consommation épisodique d'alcool. Par exemple, le fait de vivre dans des quartiers où l'accessibilité à l'alcool était moyenne (comparativement à faible) était significativement associé à une plus faible probabilité de forte consommation épisodique (RC PVA à consommer sur place = 0,49, IC à 95% : 0,27‒0,89; RC PVA pour emporter = 0,33, IC à 95% : 0,17‒0,64). Au Québec, l'accessibilité aux PVA pour emporter était associée positivement à la forte consommation épisodique (bien que l'association n'était pas statistiquement significative), tandis qu'aucune tendance claire n'a été observée pour la disponibilité des PVA à consommer sur place. CONCLUSION: Nos résultats concordent avec les données probantes antérieures. Restreindre la disponibilité des points de vente d'alcool dans les quartiers demeure une stratégie de santé publique intéressante pour réduire la facilité d'accès à l'alcool. Une exploration plus en profondeur des raisons pour lesquelles les associations entre disponibilité et consommation d'alcool diffèrent entre provinces servirait à énoncer des politiques publiques adaptées aux régions.

Lifestyle habits and examination findings before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: From health checkups in a rural area in Japan.

Aim: Few health checkup studies have reported lifestyle habits and examination results before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared lifestyle habits and examination results surveyed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Five hundred and ten and 396 participants attended the health checkup in 2019 and 2022, respectively. The median age of females was 65 in 2019 and 2022, and that of males was 68 in 2019 and 69 in 2022. We investigated dietary and exercise habits, alcohol consumption, sleeping situation, and examination results, including body mass index (BMI), smell function, and blood examination results before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a rural area in Japan. Results: An ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that the intake frequency of vegetables and marine products was significantly less in 2022 than in 2019 after adjusting age and sex; green leafy vegetables (p = .016), fish (p = .002), and other marine products, including squid, shrimp, crabs, and octopus (p = .008). Alcohol consumption amount increased significantly in 2022 than in 2019 in men who drank beer (p = .007) and chuhai (p = .040). Albumin, hematocrit, cholesterols, and uric acid decreased, but serum calcium increased significantly in 2022 than in 2019 after adjusting age and sex. BMI and hemoglobin A1c were not significantly different between 2019 and 2022. A decrease in subjective smell feeling and smell test results was associated with decreased intake frequency of vegetables. Conclusion: Both dietary habits and blood examination results changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in a rural area in Japan.

Valorization of Cashew Apple Waste into a Low-Alcohol, Healthy Drink Using a Co-Culture of Cyberlindnera rhodanensis DK and Lactobacillus pentosus A14-6.

This study investigated the potential of microbial fermentative transforming processes in valorizing the cashew apple by-product into a low-alcohol, health-benefiting beverage. We particularly investigated the use of a non-Saccharomyces yeast, Cyberlindnera rhodanensis DK, as the main targeted microbe. At 30 °C without agitation, C. rhodanensis DK caused changes in key parameters during the fermentation of cashew apple juice (CAJ) in terms of varied pH values and initial sugar concentrations. This result indicated that pure CAJ, with pH adjusted to 6 and with the original 6.85% (w/v) total sugar content, was the most feasible condition, as glucose and fructose were mostly consumed at 12 days of fermentation. A co-culture approach with either Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5088 or Lactobacillus pentosus A14-6 was investigated to improve both physicochemical and fermentation characteristics. Co-fermentation with S. cerevisiae TISTR 5088 resulted in significantly increased ethanol accumulation to 33.61 ± 0.11 g/L, but diminished bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and antidiabetic potential. In contrast, co-fermentation with L. pentosus A14-6 demonstrated excellent outcomes, as it significantly increased sugar consumption and finally remained at only 4.95 g/L compared to C. rhodanensis DK alone, produced lower levels of ethanol at only 19.47 ± 0.06 g/L, and higher total titratable acid (TTA), resulting in a final pH of 3.6. In addition, co-fermentation with this lactic acid bacterium significantly enhanced bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity and also retained potential antidiabetic properties. These findings highlight the feasibility of using tailored microbial fermentation strategies to produce low-alcohol beverages with enhanced health-promoting properties from CAJ; however, product-development processes following health food regulations and sensory evaluation are necessary.

"They start on the zero-alcohol and they wanna try the real thing": Parents' views on zero-alcohol beverages and their use by adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Zero-alcohol beverages containing 0.0-0.5% alcohol by volume may offer public health benefits if individuals use them to substitute for alcohol-containing products, thereby reducing alcohol use. There are, however, concerns that zero-alcohol beverages may encourage adolescents' earlier interest in alcohol and increase exposure to alcohol company branding. As this poses a challenge for parents, we studied parents' views on zero-alcohol beverages and their provision to adolescents. METHODS: We interviewed n=38 parents of 12-17-year-olds and used reflexive thematic analysis to interpret interview data. RESULTS: Parents considered zero-alcohol beverages to be 'adult beverages' that potentially supported reduced adult drinking but were unnecessary for adolescents. Parents were concerned that adolescent zero-alcohol beverage use could normalise alcohol consumption and be a precursor to alcohol initiation. There was a potential conflict between moderate provision in 'appropriate' contexts, and potential benefits, which were each supported by some parents. Uncertainty on health qualities was also reported. CONCLUSIONS: Parents reported conflicting and cautious views on zero-alcohol beverage provision to adolescents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: As evidence on the impacts of zero-alcohol beverage availability develops, parent-targeted messages highlighting the potential risk of normalisation of alcohol use for young people could be developed, in conjunction with broader policy responses.

Which parents provide zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents? A survey of Australian parents' practices and intentions.

OBJECTIVE: Zero-alcohol beverages (<0.5% alcohol by volume) appear and taste similar to alcoholic beverages but are regulated similarly to soft drinks in many countries, blurring the distinction between alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. How parents view provision of zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents is likely a key determinant of adolescent consumption. We investigated factors associated with parents' provision of zero-alcohol beverages to adolescents, including attitudes toward zero-alcohol beverages and demographic, knowledge, and behavioural factors known to be associated with provision of alcoholic beverages. METHODS: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of N = 1197 Australian parents of adolescents aged 12-17 years in April-May 2022. We examined associations with zero-alcohol beverage provision using binomial logistic regression, and with future provision intentions using multinomial logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Factors significantly associated (p < .001) with parents' provision and future intentions to provide zero-alcohol beverages to their adolescent included beliefs that zero-alcohol beverages had benefits for adolescents (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.69 (provision); 3.72 (intentions)), provision of alcoholic beverages (AOR 2.67 (provision); 3.72 (intentions)), and an incorrect understanding of alcohol guidelines for adolescents (AOR 2.38 (provision); 1.95 (intentions)). CONCLUSIONS: Parents' provision and intentions to provide zero-alcohol beverages were associated with beliefs about zero-alcohol beverages as well as some factors associated with provision of alcoholic beverages. Precautionary advice to parents that the provision of zero-alcohol beverages may serve to normalise alcohol consumption may be warranted.

Semiquantitative color catcher and smartphone-based analysis of synthetic food dyes in alcohol containing beverages.

Solid phase extraction, based on the use of color catcher sheets, was successfully employed for the preconcentration of food dyes from alcohol containing beverages. The photos of color catcher sheets with the adsorbed dyes were taken with a mobile phone. The smartphone-based image analysis of the photos was performed using Color Picker application. The values of several color spaces were collected. Specific values from RGB, CMY, RYB and LAB color spaces were proportional to the dye concentration in the analyzed samples. The described inexpensive, simple and elution free assay enables analysis of dyes concentration in various solutions.

Reduction of Alcoholic Strength: Does It Matter for Public Health?

In this work, reduction of alcoholic strength was discussed as a means to reduce consumption and alcohol-attributable harm. Statistical modelling was conducted to (1) estimate its potential for the largest six Western and Central European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, UK); (2) calculate the increase in taxation necessary to reach this potential, and (3) estimate the mortality gains achieved with the introduction of no- or low-alcohol beverages in the UK and Spain. The high public health potential of reducing alcoholic strength was demonstrated via modelling a scenario in which the strength of all beverages was reduced by 10%, which would avert thousands of deaths in these six European countries per year. However, methods by which to achieve these gains were not clear, as the alcohol industry has shown no inclination toward reductions in the alcoholic strength of beer, wine, or spirits via a reformulation on a large scale. The increase of excise taxation to achieve the public health gains of such a reduction would result in markedly increasing prices-a situation unlikely to be implemented in Europe. Finally, the introduction of beer and wine with an alcoholic strength below 0.5% led to some substitutions of higher-strength beverages, but did not show a marked public health impact. New taxation initiatives to achieve the potential of a reduction of alcoholic strength will need to be implemented.

Are Australian regulatory codes adequate in scope to protect youth from alcohol advertising?

ISSUE ADDRESSED: Exposure to alcohol advertising has been found to be associated with more positive attitudes toward alcohol and heavier drinking among youth. Appropriate regulation of alcohol advertising is thus crucial for reducing use among members of this population group. To assist policy makers in their alcohol control efforts, this study explored the scope of Australian alcohol advertising codes and the extent to which they address issues relating to youth exposure. METHODS: Two researchers assessed 628 unique alcohol advertisements against youth-related provisions of the Alcohol Advertising Review Board (AARB) Code and Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). A third researcher resolved discrepancies. The ads sampled were those that had been the subject of formal complaints to the AARB. RESULTS: Most (94%) ads were assessed as violating at least one of the AARB Code provisions relating to youth, while 36% were found to violate at least one of the ABAC youth provisions. The most frequently violated AARB Code provision related to placement, with 88% of ads located in places or broadcast at times where young people were likely to be exposed. The most frequently violated ABAC provision related to appeal to minors (33%). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that self-regulation is an ineffective means of protecting youth from alcohol advertising, with the ABAC failing to capture many ads featuring content that appeals to youth. SO WHAT?: Greater efforts are required to protect youth from alcohol advertising. Findings from the present study reinforce calls for mandatory, evidence-based regulation that is administered independently of the alcohol industry. SUMMARY: An analysis of 628 unique alcohol advertisements found that the vast majority were in violation of the AARB Code's youth-related provisions whereas substantially fewer were in violation of the ABAC, supporting arguments that self-regulation is an ineffective means of protecting youth from alcohol advertising.

[Trends in alcohol consumption among school-aged adolescents in Spain (2010-2018)]. / Tendencias en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes escolarizados en España (2010-2018).

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in beer, wine, and distilled spirits consumption, as well as drunkenness among school-aged adolescents in Spain from 2010 to 2018 by sex and age. METHOD: The sample is composed of 35,310 adolescents aged 15 to 18. The data is representative of the adolescent school population in Spain in 2010, 2014, and 2018. The alcohol consumption questionnaire and the drunkenness questionnaire provided by the international team of the study (removed for blinded review) were employed. Prevalence Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: the data show a general decrease in alcohol consumption (beer, wine, as well as distilled spirits) and in drunkenness, but the decrease mainly occurs between 2010 and 2014. Sex differences (higher consumption and drunkenness among boys) are found among adolescents aged 17-18 but not in the age group of 15-16 years old. Older adolescents show higher levels of consumption and drunkenness than younger adolescents. DISCUSSION: the results confirm the relevance of carrying out specific analyses in order to identify risk groups which are not detected through general analyses. This data highlights the need to maintain alcohol prevention and control policies due to the risk of stabilization in alcohol-related behaviours.

Examining beverage-specific trends in youth drinking in Australia before and after the implementation of the alcopops tax.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Alcohol consumption among young Australians has declined markedly since the early 2000s. As yet, there has been no data on how this decline has been spread across different beverages and instead high-level survey data with significant potential for recall and other bias has been used. Trends in beverage choice among young people following an increase in the 'alcopops' tax have also not received much attention. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data on 'yesterday' drinking occasions were obtained from five waves (2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016) of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey. A total of 23 536 respondents aged 14-29 years were included in this study. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to explore trends in alcohol consumption and changes in beverage preferences. RESULTS: Youth drinking declined by 45% across the study period, with declines of 66% in premix, 48% in spirits, 46% in beer and 33% in wine. Consumption of premix was significantly lower in 2013 and 2016 compared to 2007 amongst the overall sample, males, females, respondents aged 14-21 and 22-29 years, light and heavy drinkers. Significant reductions were also observed in the consumption of premix immediately following the tax (2010) for the younger age group, males and light drinkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Youth consumption of alcohol has declined during the study period with significant variation across beverage types. We found some evidence of a separate impact for the alcopops tax, although for some groups, declines in premix consumption occurred well after the implementation of the tax.

Pistacia terebinthus Resin as Yeast Immobilization Support for Alcoholic Fermentation.

A natural resin retrieved from Pistacia terebinthus tree was evaluated as an immobilization carrier of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AXAZ-1 cells targeting successive fermentation batches of sugar synthetic mediums. Fermentation times below 54 h were recorded at temperatures 28-14 °C. In total, 147 compounds were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, including alcohols, esters, ketones, aldehydes, acids, and terpenes. Principal component analysis indicated that the state of cells (free/immobilized) and the fermentation temperature primarily affected terpenes' composition. Importantly, no spoilage of the fermented beverages was noted during 90 days of storage at room temperature, most likely due to the high content of extracted terpenoids and phenols (up to 579.01 mg L-1 and 171.8 mg gallic acid equivalent L-1, respectively). Likewise, the developed novel biocatalyst (yeast cells immobilized within Pistacia terebinthus resin) was suitable for the production of low alcohol beverages with an enhanced aromatic profile. The obtained results revealed that the proposed bioprocess shows great commercialization potential in the new fast-growing low-alcohol beverages sector.

Factors associated with risky consumption of alcohol in a sample of university students.

INTRODUCTION: During the university period, student wellbeing is exposed to the negative effects of many stressful factors, including the use and abuse of alcoholic beverages. The aim of this study is to estimate the risky alcohol consumption within the student population of the University of Palermo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An anonymous online questionnaire was provided to students enrolled in the mailing list of the Regional Agency for the Right to University Study (ERSU) of the University of Palermo. the first section investigated demographic and social data, while in the second section the A.U.D.I.T. C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption) test was administered. RESULTS: 539 subjects agreed to the informed consent and completed the questionnaire. The average age of the sample is 22.65 years (SD ± 2.95). Considering as dependent variable "students with risky consumption of alcohol", the statistically significant independent variables associated were: "age class ≤22 years old" (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.18-3.44, p=0.019), "don't live with own family" (aOR 3.21, 95% CI 1.81-5.69, p&0.001) and "I currently smoke" (aOR 6.44, 95% CI 3.85-10.79, p&0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that about 19% of students experience risky alcohol consumption. This percentage seems not to be gender related. Information and training campaigns focused on alcoholism and related risks are of great importance in order to educate students on the socio-economic costs of alcohol related diseases to public health; parents can play a crucial role in minimising the use of alcohol in their sons/children through dialogue if properly trained to address these issues. In fact, our study seems to show that those who no longer live in the household have a higher risk of alcohol consumption.

Toxic AGE (TAGE) Theory for the Pathophysiology of the Onset/Progression of NAFLD and ALD.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are among the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the westernized world. NAFLD and ALD are frequently accompanied by extrahepatic complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma and cardiovascular diseases, which have a negative impact on patient survival. The chronic ingestion of an excessive daily diet containing sugar/high-fructose corn syrup increases the level of the fructose/glucose metabolite, glyceraldehyde (GA), while the chronic consumption of an excessive number of alcoholic beverages increases the level of the alcohol metabolite, acetaldehyde (AA) in the liver. GA and AA are known to react non-enzymatically with the ε- or α-amino groups of proteins, thereby generating advanced glycation end-products (AGEs, GA-AGEs, and AA-AGEs, respectively) in vivo. The interaction between GA-AGEs and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) alters intracellular signaling, gene expression, and the release of pro-inflammatory molecules and also elicits the production of reactive oxygen species by human hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, all of which may contribute to the pathological changes associated with chronic liver diseases. We herein discuss the pathophysiological roles of GA-AGEs and AA-AGEs (toxic AGEs, TAGE) and a related novel theory for preventing the onset/progression of NAFLD and ALD.

Consumo de álcool por enfermeiros e implicações para o trabalho em saúde ­ revisão integrativa / Consumo de alcohol por enfermeros y cómo eso impacta en el trabajo en salud ­ revisión integrativa / Alcohol use by nurses and its effects on health care ­ integrative review

Trata-se de estudo exploratório descritivo com objetivo de descrever o padrão de consumo de álcool entre enfermeiros e suas implicações para o trabalho em saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada em outubro de 2015, em cincobases eletrônicas de dados. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a amostra final resultou em seis publicações. Os estudos selecionados mostraram que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas por profissionais de enfermagemestava presente, de forma preocupante, em todas as pesquisas analisadas. Os resultados mostraram que há prevalência de profissionais de enfermagem com problemas relacionados ao consumo abusivo de álcool, em alguns menos e em outros mais acentuados. Observou-se que o trabalho noturno, longas jornadas de trabalho e carga horária semanal elevada demonstraram relação positiva com o consumo de álcool. Além disso, estresse, depressão, ansiedade e insatisfação com o trabalho foram apontados como fatores de risco para o abuso de álcool nos estudos (AU).

Descriptive and exploratory study aimed to describe the patterns of alcohol use among nurses and its effects on healthcare. The study was conducted in October 2015, with the search of five electronic databases. After implementation of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of six publications. The selected publications showed that alcohol use by nursing professionals is a matter of concern, since there is a prevalence of nursing professionals with less or more severe problems related to alcohol use. Night work, long working hours and excessive weekly workloads were positively correlated to alcohol use. In addition, stress, depression, anxiety and dissatisfaction with work were reported as risk factors for excessive drinking in the studies (au).

Estudio exploratorio descriptivo cuyo objetivo fue describir el modelo de consumo de alcohol entre enfermeros y sus implicaciones para el trabajo en salud. La investigación fue realizada en octubre de 2015, en cinco bases electrónicas de datos. Despues de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la muestra final resultó en seis publicaciones. Los estudios seleccionados mostraron que el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas por profesionales de enfermería fue constante, de modo preocupante, en todas las investigaciones analizadas. Los resultados revelaron prevalencia de profesionales de enfermería con problemas relacionados al consumo abusivo de alcohol, algunos menos y otros más acentuados. Se observó que el trabajo nocturno, largas jornadas de trabajo y carga horaria semanal elevada presentaron relación con el consumo de alcohol. Además, estrés, depresión, ansiedad e insatisfacción con el trabajo fueron apuntados como factores de riesgo para el abuso de alcohol en los estudios (AU).

Profile of the use of legal and illegal drugs by college students at a private university / Perfil da utilização de drogas lícitas e ilícitas por universitários de uma instituição privada / Perfil de la utilización de drogas lícitas e ilícitas por universitarios de una institución privada

The study investigated the prevalence of legal and/or illegal drugs among students enrolled in Health Sciences Courses (HSC) at a university located in the Quixadá municipality, State of Ceará. The study was conducted through a questionnaire administered to 345 HSC students. The resulting profile was of single white females, ages 16-20 years old, unemployed, with a household income of 2-4 minimum wage salaries. The vast majority does not use any legal or illegal drugs. However, 39 and 16% use alcohol and cocaine, especially for the high, and mainly because of peer pressure during social events. The majority of the students self-medicate. The study suggests that alcohol and drug use within this population is alarming and that new surveys need to be conducted.

O trabalho investigou a prevalência do uso de drogas lícitas e/ou ilícitas entre os universitários dos Cursos de Ciências da Saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior do município de Quixadá, Ceará. O estudo foi realizado por meio de um questionário aplicado entre 345 universitários dos Cursos de Ciências da Saúde em questão. O perfil dos universitários estudados é de mulheres na faixa etária de 16 a 20 anos, solteiras, brancas, que não exerciam atividade remunerada, com renda familiar de 2 a 4 salários-mínimos. A grande maioria não fazia uso de nenhuma droga lícita ou ilícita. Entretanto, entre 39 e 16% fazia uso do álcool e da cocaína, respectivamente, devido, em especial, à sensação de alegria, e, principalmente, pela influência dos amigos em eventos sociais. A maioria dos universitários pratica automedicação. O estudo realizado sugere que o problema de uso de drogas e álcool nessa população é preocupante e novos levantamentos precisam ser realizados.

El trabajo investigó la superioridad del uso de drogas lícitas y/o ilícitas entre los universitarios de los Cursos de Ciencias de la Salud (CCS) de una institución de enseñanza superiora del municipio de Quixadá, Ceará. El estudio fue realizado por medio de un cuestionario aplicado entre 345 universitarios del CCS en cuestión. El perfil de los universitarios estudiados es de mujeres con banda etaria de 16 a 20 años, solteras, blancas, que no ejercen actividad remunerada con renta familiar de 2 a 4 salarios mínimos. La grande mayoría no hace uso de ninguna droga lícita o ilícita. Mientras, 39 y 16% hace uso del alcohol y de la cocaína, respectivamente, debido en especial a la sensación de alegría, y principalmente por la influencia de los amigos en eventos sociales. La mayoría de los universitarios practica automedicación. El estudio realizado sugiere que el problema de uso de drogas y alcohol en esa población es preocupante y nuevos levantamientos necesitan ser realizados.

Desenvolvimento cognitivo e sintomas depressivos em adolescentes que fazem uso de bebidas alcoólicas / Cognitive development and depressive symptoms in adolescent alcohol users / Desarrollo cognitivo y síntomas depresivos em adolescentes que consumen bebidas alcohólicas

Levantamentos sobre o uso de álcool mostram que o consumo dessa substância começa na adolescência. É comum, nessa etapa do desenvolvimento, algumas pessoas apresentarem sintomas depressivos. A combinação do uso de álcool e sintomas depressivos pode afetar o desenvolvimento cognitivo e escolar de estudantes. Esta pesquisa visa identificar e discutir a relação entre o uso de álcool pelos adolescentes, a depressão e a consequência desse uso no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Participaram da pesquisa 127 alunos de duas escolas do interior do Estado de São Paulo, que responderam ao Audit, o BDI e Provas para o Desenvolvimento Operatório. Resultados mostram que o consumo de álcool em excesso é significativo, mas não se observou relação entre o uso de álcool, sintomas depressivos e o baixo rendimento cognitivo.

Surveys on alcohol use show that people usually begin using this substance as adolescents. In this stage of development, it is common for some people to show depressive symptoms. The combination of alcohol and depressive symptoms may affect students’ cognitive and school development. This study aims at identifying and discussing on the relationship between alcohol use in adolescents, depression and the consequences on cognitive development. Participants were 127 students of two schools in the state of São Paulo, who answered the AUDIT, the BDI and Tests for Operatory Development. Results show that excessive alcohol use is significant, but we did not observe a relationship between alcohol use, depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance.

Datos sobre el consumo de alcohol demuestran que el uso de esa sustancia comienza en la adolescencia. Es común, en esa etapa del desarrollo, que algunas personas presenten síntomas depresivos. La combinación del consumo de alcohol y síntomas depresivos puede afectar el desarrollo cognitivo y escolar de estudiantes. Esta investigación apunta a identificar y discutir la relación entre el consumo de alcohol por parte de los adolescentes, la depresión y la consecuencia del consumo en el desarrollo cognitivo. Participaron de la investigación 127 alumnos de dos escuelas del interior del estado de San Pablo, que respondieron el AUDIT, el BDI y Pruebas para el Desarrollo Operatorio. Los resultados demuestran que el consumo excesivo de alcohol es significativo, pero no observamos una relación entre ingesta de alcohol, síntomas depresivos y el bajo rendimiento cognitivo.

Desenvolvimento cognitivo e sintomas depressivos em adolescentes que fazem uso de bebidas alcoólicas / Cognitive development and depressive symptoms in adolescent alcohol users / Desarrollo cognitivo y síntomas depresivos em adolescentes que consumen bebidas alcohólicas

Levantamentos sobre o uso de álcool mostram que o consumo dessa substância começa na adolescência. É comum, nessa etapa do desenvolvimento, algumas pessoas apresentarem sintomas depressivos. A combinação do uso de álcool e sintomas depressivos pode afetar o desenvolvimento cognitivo e escolar de estudantes. Esta pesquisa visa identificar e discutir a relação entre o uso de álcool pelos adolescentes, a depressão e a consequência desse uso no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Participaram da pesquisa 127 alunos de duas escolas do interior do Estado de São Paulo, que responderam ao Audit, o BDI e Provas para o Desenvolvimento Operatório. Resultados mostram que o consumo de álcool em excesso é significativo, mas não se observou relação entre o uso de álcool, sintomas depressivos e o baixo rendimento cognitivo.(AU)

Surveys on alcohol use show that people usually begin using this substance as adolescents. In this stage of development, it is common for some people to show depressive symptoms. The combination of alcohol and depressive symptoms may affect students’ cognitive and school development. This study aims at identifying and discussing on the relationship between alcohol use in adolescents, depression and the consequences on cognitive development. Participants were 127 students of two schools in the state of São Paulo, who answered the AUDIT, the BDI and Tests for Operatory Development. Results show that excessive alcohol use is significant, but we did not observe a relationship between alcohol use, depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance.(AU)

Datos sobre el consumo de alcohol demuestran que el uso de esa sustancia comienza en la adolescencia. Es común, en esa etapa del desarrollo, que algunas personas presenten síntomas depresivos. La combinación del consumo de alcohol y síntomas depresivos puede afectar el desarrollo cognitivo y escolar de estudiantes. Esta investigación apunta a identificar y discutir la relación entre el consumo de alcohol por parte de los adolescentes, la depresión y la consecuencia del consumo en el desarrollo cognitivo. Participaron de la investigación 127 alumnos de dos escuelas del interior del estado de San Pablo, que respondieron el AUDIT, el BDI y Pruebas para el Desarrollo Operatorio. Los resultados demuestran que el consumo excesivo de alcohol es significativo, pero no observamos una relación entre ingesta de alcohol, síntomas depresivos y el bajo rendimiento cognitivo.(AU)