A prática do futebol amador como lazer na perspectiva de tempo livre e atitude de jogadores amadores em um município no interior sul cearense brasileiro / The practice of amateur football as leisure in the perspective of free time and attitude of amateur players in a municipality in the interior of south cearense

O futebol é um fenômeno sociocultural que está diretamente relacionado com a formação da identidade brasileira. Agindo nas mais diversas esferas da cultura do país, sendo uma delas a do lazer. Para o brasileiro, o futebol é um referencial de lazer, seja na condição de jogador ou torcedor. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a relação de uma equipe de jogadores amadores com o lazer na perspectiva do tempo livre e a atitude na prática do Futebol Amador no interior sul cearense brasileiro. O estudo delineia-se de cunho etnográfico e observacional com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados elementares de observação foram registrados em diário de campo e a análise dos registros foram feitas com base em outros estudos referentes ao tema do futebol e lazer. Para isso, foram realizadas observações sistemáticas de quatro jogos de Futebol Amador da equipe do Sítio São Paulo Futebol Clube, em um Campeonato Municipal de Futebol Amador da cidade de Caririaçu, Ceará, Brasil. No tocante às observações e análises, percebeu-se que existe uma relação direta com o tempo destinado à prática do Futebol Amador, em meio as obrigações cotidianas, como também, a atitude em que os jogadores procuraram e sentiram a satisfação de participar dos jogos da equipe, na busca do prazer, divertimento e lazer. Desse modo, a relação entre o tempo livre e a atitude contribuiu para que os jogadores da equipe tenham buscado o prazer e o lazer no tempo livre para participar dos jogos.

Football is a sociocultural phenomenon that is directly related to the formation of Brazilian identity. Acting in the most diverse spheres of the country's culture, one of which is leisure. For Brazilians, football is a reference for leisure, whether as a player or fan. The present study aims to describe the relationship of a team of amateur players with leisure in the perspective of free time and the attitude in the practice of Amateur Football in the interior of southern Brazil. The study has an ethnographic and observational nature with a qualitative approach. The elementar observation data were recorded in a field diary and the analysis of the records was based on other studies related to the subject of football and leisure. For this, systematic observations were made of four Amateur Football matches of the Sítio São Paulo Futebol Clube team, in a Municipal Amateur Football Championship in the city of Caririaçu, Ceará, Brazil. With regard to the observations and analyses, it was noticed that there is a direct relationship with the time devoted to the practice of Amateur Football, in the midst of daily obligations, as well as the attitude in which the players sought and felt the satisfaction of participating in the games of the team, in pursuit of pleasure, fun and leisure. In this way, the relationship between free time and attitude contributed to the team's players seeking pleasure and leisure in their free time to participate in the games

(Not) being granted the right to belong-Amateur football clubs in Germany.

Empirical studies show that first- and second-generation immigrants are less likely to be members of sports clubs than their non-immigrant peers. Common explanations are cultural differences and socioeconomic disadvantages. However, lower participation rates in amateur sport could be at least partly due to ethnic discrimination. Are minority ethnic groups granted the same right to belong as their non-immigrant peers? To answer this question, this paper uses publicly available data from a field experiment in which mock applications were sent out to over 1,600 football clubs in Germany. Having a foreign-sounding name significantly reduces the likelihood of being invited to participate. The paper concludes that amateur football clubs are not as permeable as they are often perceived to be. It claims that traditional explanations for lower participation rates of immigrants need to be revisited.

Experiência e sabedoria em campo: uma representação social positiva sobre o processo de envelhecimento dos "veteranos" no "campo" futebolístico amador de Ponta Grossa­Paraná (2014-2017) / Experience and wisdom in the field: a positive social representation of the aging process of the "veterans" in the amateur football "field" in Ponta Grossa, Paraná (2014-2017)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o processo de construção e manutenção de uma representação social positiva sobre os jogadores veteranos, presentes no campo futebolístico amador existente na cidade de Ponta Grossa (PR). Para tanto, optou-se pelos direcionamentos metodológicos da etnografia, pois eles guiam os pesquisadores no processo interpretativo da "visão sobre o mundo" dos indivíduos pertencentes ao grupo social investigado, através das interpretações de suas práticas simbólicas. As representações revelaram que mesmo no campo esportivo em que, tradicionalmente, o rendimento técnico-físico é o que determina a visão sobre os diferentes agentes; na análise em questão descobriu-se que através de ancoragens compensatórias, tais como não se tem vigor físico mas tem sabedoria/experiência, somado ao capital simbólico adquirido historicamente os idosos foram representados como figuras centrais deste espaço social. Conclui-se que em Ponta Grossa o futebol amador veterano apresenta-se como uma manifestação sociocultural, que tensiona o olhar negativo que comumente é estabelecido para o processo de envelhecimento e para a velhice. (AU)

The objective of the present study was to analyze the process of building and maintaining a positive social representation about the veteran players of the amateur football field in the city of Ponta Grossa, PR. In order to do so, we chose the methodological orientations of ethnography, since they guide the researchers in the interpretative process of the "world view" of the individuals belonging to the social group investigated, through the interpretations of their symbolic practices. It is concluded that in Ponta Grossa football presents itself as a sociocultural manifestation, which makes it possible to hold the negative eye on the process of aging and old age. The social representations revealed that even in the sports field, where it is aprioristically imagined that the performance is what determines the vision on the different agents, in the analysis in question it was discovered that through compensatory anchorages (there is no physical force, but has intelligence) and the acquired symbolic capital, legitimize the elderly as nuclear figures of the field. (AU)

Interdependências estabelecidas na configuração futebolística amadora pontagrossense: uma análise etnográfica (2013-2016) / Interterdependencies established in the amateur footballistic configuration of Ponta Grossa: an ethnographic analysis (2013-2016) / Interdependencias establecidas en la configuración futbolística aficionado de Ponta Grossa: un análisis etnográfico (2013- 2016)

O objetivo deste artigo foi interpretar e analisar as interdependências estabelecidas na configuração futebolística amadora da cidade de Ponta Grossa (PR), entre os anos de 2013 e 2016. Para tanto, optou-se pelos direcionamentos da etnografia, pois eles guiam os pesquisadores no processo compreensivo da "visão sobre o mundo" dos indivíduos pertencentes ao grupo investigado. Neste período, observou-se os indivíduos nos jogos oficiais, nas peladas, nos jogos treino, nos amistosos e nos espaços de socialização, totalizando 120 saídas in loco. Concluiuse que nesta configuração existem micro tensões nas ordens estabelecidas na sociedade, as quais podem contribuir para a mudança de certos habitus em longo prazo, auxiliando no empoderamento dos indivíduos marginalizadas em outras configurações sociais.

The aim of this article was to interpret and analyze the interdependencies established in the amateur soccer configuration of Ponta Grossa, between the years of 2013 and 2016. For that purpose, it was chosen the directing of ethnography, since they guide the researchers in the understanding process of "vision about The world"of the individuals belonging to the investigated group. In this period, were observed these individuals in official matches, in pick-up soccer games, in training sessions games, in friendly matches and in leisure spaces, totaling 120 enquiries in loco. It was concluded that in this configuration there are micro-tensions to the orders established by the society, which can contribute to the change of certain habitus in the long term, contributing to the empowerment of the marginalized individuals in other social configurations.

El objetivo de este artículo fue interpretar y analizar las interdependencias establecidas en la configuración futbolística aficionado de Ponta Grossa, entre los años de 2013 y 2016. Por tanto, se optó por los direccionamientos de la etnografía, pues ellos guían a los investigadores en el proceso comprensivo de la "visión sobre el mundo" de los individuos pertenecientes al grupo invesstigado. En este período se observó a los individuos en los juegos oficiales, en las "recochas", en los entrenamientos, en los amistosos y en los espacios de socialización, totalizando 120 salidas in loco. Se concluye que en esta configuración existen micro tensiones al orden establecido socialmente, las quales pueden contribuir para el cambio de ciertos habitus a largo plazo, auxiliando al empoderamiento de los individuos marginalizados en otras configuraciones sociales.

[Injury prevention in amateur football with FIFA 11+ : What is implemented on the football pitch?] / Verletzungsprävention im Amateurfußball mit FIFA 11+ : Was kommt auf dem Sportplatz an?

BACKGROUND: The warm-up and injury prevention program FIFA 11+ was developed to reduce injuries in recreational and amateur level football. Despite systematic education it is uncertain what amount of knowledge is passed down to the lower recreational level football players and what exercises are implemented in the daily routine. This study presents the summarized experiences of German coaches about the implementation of exercises on the football pitch. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study 142 coaches who participated in 1 (of 5) of the 2­day courses between 2013 and 2017 were sent a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions, which were developed by the football union of Lower Saxony. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A total of 121 questionnaires could be analyzed, which is a response rate of 85.2%. The mean time period between the 2­day training and answering the questionnaire was 29 months. Of the participating coaches 82.6% indicated that they use the program regularly (22% of the coaches use it twice a week or more frequently, 34% use it only once a week) and 6% of the coaches use additional programs to prevent injuries. A total of 86% of the participants believed in a reduction in the incidence of injuries induced by the FIFA 11+ concept, 89% of the participants rated the FIFA 11+ program as good ors very good, 91% rated the teaching concept as good or very good and 94% of the participants would recommend the 2­day advanced course to others. DISCUSSION: The prevention program as well as the advanced training concept were evaluated very positively. Most coaches use the program regularly. Nevertheless, many coaches use the FIFA 11+ exercises less than the recommended twice a week. Most coaches praised the good structure of the program, but also wished for the possibility of variations. CONCLUSION: The prevention program FIFA 11+ is seen by coaches in recreational and amateur football as an effective tool to prevent injury. Implementation on the football pitch is regular but not as frequent as the evidence-based recommendations in the training concept.

Influence of preparation and football skill level on injury incidence during an amateur football tournament.

INTRODUCTION: Scientific studies on injury characteristics are rather common in professional football but not in amateur football despite the thousands of amateur football tournaments taking place worldwide each year. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preparation and injury patterns of players of two different football skill levels who participated in an international amateur football tournament. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, an international amateur football tournament of medical doctors in 2011 was analysed with regard to training and warm-up preparation, the level of football played before the tournament and injury data during the tournament by means of standardised injury definitions and data samples for football. RESULTS: Amateur players of registered football clubs had higher training exposure before the tournament (p < 0.001) than recreational players and had more frequently performed warm-up programmes (p < 0.001). Recreational football players showed a significantly higher overall injury incidence (p < 0.002), particularly of overuse injuries (p < 0.001), during the tournament than amateur players. In almost 75% of players in both groups, the body region most affected by injuries and complaints was the lower extremities. Orthopaedic and trauma surgeons had the lowest overall injury incidence and anaesthetists the highest (p = 0.049) during the tournament. CONCLUSION: For the first time, this study presents detailed information on the injury incidence and injury patterns of an amateur football tournament. Less-trained recreational players sustained significantly more injuries than better-trained amateur players, probably due to the lack of sufficient preparation before the tournament. Preventive strategies against overuse and traumatic injuries of recreational football players should start with regular training and warm-up programmes in preparation for a tournament.