RESUMO
Often, criminal acts involving a vehicle are caught on digital video surveillance systems. While potentially useful for an investigation, the recording conditions are typically less than optimal for the extraction of key information for the identification of the perpetrator, such as a license plate. Providing the make, model and year of a questioned vehicle is a common request for examiners, to narrow the field of potential suspect vehicles. This study seeks to compare the performance of a nonpeer-reviewed make, model, and year determination between two separate groups, specifically, trained forensic image examiners and nontrained individuals. Results show that even with varied image capture conditions and quality, the trained forensic image examiners more correctly and completely identified the test group of questioned vehicles make, model, and year.
RESUMO
O presente trabalho elege o estudo do conceito de unidade mínima de análise no intuito de demonstrar os meios pelos quais os pressupostos metodológicos marxianos se realizam na investigação do psiquismo humano por Vigotski, que buscava lançar os fundamentos de uma psicologia concreta. A seleção desse conceito justifica-se pelo fato de este sintetizar o movimento dialético de ascensão do abstrato ao concreto multideterminado, o qual rege a revelação das leis gerais que submetem o desenvolvimento categorial dos fenômenos e desvenda as dissimulações da aparência fenomênica. Demonstrou-se que, da mesma forma que Marx anuncia a mercadoria como unidade mínima de análise da sociedade capitalista, Vigotski adota o signo como categoria fundamental que contém o psiquismo humano em sua totalidade, como síntese de determinações singulares e universais, individuais e sociais, biológicas e culturais, históricas e sociais, de significados e sentidos. Conclui-se que, em consonância com os fundamentos do materialismo histórico-dialético, a psicologia concreta deve buscar na unidade mínima de análise a superação das dicotomias lógico-formais e a especificidade do psiquismo humano, que tem na ação consciente o potencial para construir, sobre as cinzas das inversões burguesas, o devir de uma sociedade sem classes que tenha a humanidade como centro do processo produtivo.
The present work chooses the study of the concept of a minimum unit of analysis in order to demonstrate the means by which the marxian methodological assumptions are realized in the investigation of human psyche by Vigotski, who sought to lay the foundations of a concrete psychology. The selection of this concept is justified by the fact that it synthesizes the dialectical movement of ascension from the abstract to the multi-determined concrete, which governs the revelation of the general laws that subject the categorical development of the phenomena and unveils the disguises of the phenomenal appearance. It was shown that, in the same way that Marx announces the commodity as the minimum unit of analysis of capitalist society, Vigotski adopts the sign as a fundamental category that contains the human psyche in its entirety, as a synthesis of singular and universal,, individual and social, biological and cultural, historical and social determinations of meanings and senses. We conclude that, in consonance with the foundations of historical-dialectic materialism, concrete psychology must seek in the minimum unit of analysis to overcome the logical-formal dichotomies and the specificity of the human psyche, which has in conscious action the pontential to build on the ashes of bourgeois inversions, the becoming of a classless society that has humanity as the center of the productive process.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) and U.K. Resuscitation Council (UKRC) updated guidance on newborn resuscitation in late 2010. OBJECTIVES: To describe delivery room (DR) practice in stabilisation following very preterm birth (<32 weeks gestation) in the U.K. METHODS: We emailed a national survey of current DR stabilisation practice of very preterm infants to all U.K. delivery units and conducted telephone follow-up calls. RESULTS: We obtained 197 responses from 199 units (99%) and complete data from 186 units. Tertiary units administered surfactant in the DR (93% vs. 78%, P=0.01), instituted DR CPAP (77% vs. 50%, P=0.0007), provided PEEP in the delivery room (91% vs. 69%, P=0.0008), and started resuscitation in air or blended oxygen (91% vs. 78%, P=0.04) more often than non-tertiary units. Routine out of hours consultant attendance at very preterm birth was more common in tertiary units (82% vs. 55%, P=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Marked variation in DR stabilisation practice of very preterm infants persisted one year after the publication of revised UKRC guidance. Delivery room care provided in non-tertiary units was less consistent with current international guidance.
