Anatomical landscape of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A single cancer center study in UAE.

Objectives: This study aimed to present demographic and clinicopathological aspects of OSCC identified in Pathology service in the UAE over a 13-year period and compare these findings to a cohort of 523 cases of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the Cancer Genome Atlas's cBioPortal database (http://cbioportal.org). Material and methods: Histological examination of all hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides and assessment of all demographic and clinical information from laboratory records were performed on all OSCC diagnosed between 2005 and 2018. Results: Males made up 71.4% of the sample of 231 OSCCs that were evaluated. The patients' average age was 55.38 years. The two most prevalent afflicted sites were the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (57.6%) and the cheek (28.1%). The most prevalent site among smokers were the floor of mouth, cheek, and jaw bones. There was a link between tumor size and numerous anatomical subsites that was shown to be highly significant. OSCC in the FOM was associated with a 25% mortality rate. Patients with OSCC of the anterior tongue and cheek had the best prognosis, with only 15.7% and 15.3% of patients dying during follow-up. Conclusion: The present investigation found a correlation between the diverse clinicopathological characteristics of the various anatomical subsites in OSCC. Different anatomical subsites also displayed varying degrees of gene mutation.

A novel automated planning approach for multi-anatomical sites cancer in Raystation treatment planning system.

PURPOSE: To develop an automated planning approach in Raystation and evaluate its feasibility in multiple clinical application scenarios. METHODS: An automated planning approach (Ruiplan) was developed by using the scripting platform of Raystation. Radiotherapy plans were re-generated both automatically by using Ruiplan and manually. 60 patients, including 20 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 20 patients with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), and 20 patients with rectal cancer (RECA) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Dosimetric and planning efficiency parameters of the automated plans (APs) and manual plans (MPs) were statistically compared. RESULTS: For target coverage, APs yielded superior dose homogeneity in NPC and RECA, while maintaining similar dose conformity for all studied anatomical sites. For OARs sparing, APs led to significant improvement in most OARs sparing. The average planning time required for APs was reduced by more than 43% compared with MPs. Despite the increased monitor units (MUs) for NPC and RECA in APs, the beam-on time of APs and MPs had no statistical difference. Both the MUs and beam-on time of APs were significantly lower than that of MPs in ESCA. CONCLUSIONS: This study developed a new automated planning approach, Ruiplan, it is feasible for multi-treatment techniques and multi-anatomical sites cancer treatment planning. The dose distributions of targets and OARs in the APs were similar or better than those in the MPs, and the planning time of APs showed a sharp reduction compared with the MPs. Thus, Ruiplan provides a promising approach for realizing automated treatment planning in the future.

The comparison of risk factors for colorectal neoplasms at different anatomical sites.

AIM: Both the clinical manifestation and molecular characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) vary according to the anatomical site. We explored the risk factors for four groups of colorectal neoplasms (CRN) at different anatomical sites. METHODS: We extracted data from the database of Tianjin Colorectal Cancer Screening Program from 2010 to 2020. According to the CRN anatomical sites, patients were divided into four groups: the proximal colon group, the distal colon group, the rectum group, and the multiple colorectal sites. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the differences in risk factors of CRN at different anatomical sites. RESULTS: The numbers of patients with CRN in the proximal colon, distal colon, rectum, and multiple colorectal sites were 4023, 6920, 3657, and 7938, respectively. Male sex was associated with a higher risk from the proximal colon to the rectum. Advanced age and obesity were also significantly associated with overall colorectal CRN risk, but there were some differences between men and women. Smoking was associated with CRN risk only in the distal colon and rectum in both men and women. Frequent alcohol consumption and family history of CRC in first-degree relatives (FDRs) were associated with the risk of multisite colorectal CRN only in males. CONCLUSIONS: We observed differences in advanced age, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history of colorectal cancer at different anatomical sites of colorectal neoplasms. These factors vary by gender.

Convolutional neural network based anatomical site identification for laryngoscopy quality control: A multicenter study.

OBJECTIVES: Video laryngoscopy is an important diagnostic tool for head and neck cancers. The artificial intelligence (AI) system has been shown to monitor blind spots during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. This study aimed to test the performance of AI-driven intelligent laryngoscopy monitoring assistant (ILMA) for landmark anatomical sites identification on laryngoscopic images and videos based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The laryngoscopic images taken from January to December 2018 were retrospectively collected, and ILMA was developed using the CNN model of Inception-ResNet-v2 + Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SENet). A total of 16,000 laryngoscopic images were used for training. These were assigned to 20 landmark anatomical sites covering six major head and neck regions. In addition, the performance of ILMA in identifying anatomical sites was validated using 4000 laryngoscopic images and 25 videos provided by five other tertiary hospitals. RESULTS: ILMA identified the 20 anatomical sites on the laryngoscopic images with a total accuracy of 97.60 %, and the average sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100 %, 99.87 %, 97.65 %, and 99.87 %, respectively. In addition, multicenter clinical verification displayed that the accuracy of ILMA in identifying the 20 targeted anatomical sites in 25 laryngoscopic videos from five hospitals was ≥95 %. CONCLUSION: The proposed CNN-based ILMA model can rapidly and accurately identify the anatomical sites on laryngoscopic images. The model can reflect the coverage of anatomical regions of the head and neck by laryngoscopy, showing application potential in improving the quality of laryngoscopy.

Cutaneous homeostasis and epidermal barrier function in a young healthy Caucasian population.

BACKGROUND: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and skin surface pH are indicators of skin barrier integrity. There is scant evidence on normative data for cutaneous homeostasis parameters in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVES: To develop normative data for skin erythema, melanin, pH, SCH, and TEWL; identify differences in these variables among different anatomical locations; and explore factors that may modify these values. MATERIAL & METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 87 healthy volunteers (34 males) aged 20 to 40 years. TEWL, SCH, pH, erythema, and melanin were measured on the cheeks, volar forearms, and palms. RESULTS: The lowest TEWL value corresponded to volar forearms (9.69 ± 2.94 g m-2·h-1) and the highest to palms (49.32 ± 14.55 g m-2·h-1). Erythema was more evident on cheeks than palms or volar forearms (413.51 arbitruary units [AU] vs. 259.98 AU vs. 252.02 AU). The lowest melanin index was documented for palms (92.72 ± 41.70 AU). pH levels were similar among the different locations. The erythema index was significantly higher in males versus females for all locations. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and SCH revealed an increase in 0.45 ± 0.18 g m-2·h-1 for TEWL on the cheek and 0.32 ± 0.10 g m-2·h-1 for TEWL on the forearm for each one-year increase in age. CONCLUSION: We provide normative data for individuals aged 20-40 years, across three anatomical locations, and propose a predictive model for TEWL on the cheek and forearm as a function of age and SCH.

Micropore Closure Rates following Microneedle Application at Various Anatomical Sites in Healthy Human Subjects.

INTRODUCTION: The continuous availability of open micropores is crucial for a successful microneedle (MN) drug delivery strategy. However, micropore lifetime depends on intrinsic skin functional and anatomical characteristics, which vary significantly at different anatomical sites. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study explored if differences exist in micropore closure timeframes at 3 anatomical sites - upper arm, volar forearm, and abdomen. METHODS: Healthy subjects (n = 35) self-identifying as Asian (n = 9), Bi-/multiracial (n = 2), Black (n = 9), Latino (n = 6), and White (n = 9) completed the study. The upper arm, volar forearm, and abdomen were treated with MNs; skin impedance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at baseline and post-MN to confirm micropore formation. Impedance was measured for 3 days to evaluate micropore lifetime. Measurements of L*, which quantifies the skin lightness/darkness, were made using a tristimulus colorimeter. Micropore lifetime was determined by comparing baseline and post-MN impedance measurements, and micropore closure half-life was predicted using mathematical modeling. RESULTS: Post-MN increase in TEWL and decrease in impedance were significant (p < 0.05), confirming successful micropore formation at all anatomical sites. When data were analyzed according to subject self-identified racial/ethnic groups, the mean micropore closure time at the abdomen (63.09 ± 13.13 h) was longer than the upper arm (60.34 ± 14.69 h) and volar forearm (58.29 ± 16.76 h). The predicted micropore closure half-life at anatomical sites was the abdomen (25.86 ± 14.96 h) ≈ upper arm (23.69 ± 13.67 h) > volar forearm (20.2 ± 11.99 h). Differences were not statistically significant between groups. Objective categorization by L* showed that the darker skin may be associated with longer micropore closure time at the abdomen site. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that anatomical site of application may not be a source of significant variability in micropore closure time. These findings may help reduce the number of physiological parameters that need to be explicitly considered when developing drug products to support MN-assisted drug delivery strategies.

Cancer research in the 57 Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries, 2008-17.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The 57 countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) are experiencing rapid increases in their burden of cancer. The First Ladies Against Cancer meeting at the 2016 OIC meeting in Istanbul committed to the importance of cancer control and the need for more evidence to support national cancer control planning (NCCP). Strong research systems are a crucial aspect of NCCP, but few data exist to support policy-makers across this political grouping. METHODOLOGY: We identified all cancer research papers from OIC countries in the Web of Science from 2008 to 2017 with a filter based on journal names and title words, with high precision and recall. We analysed the country outputs, the cancer sites investigated, the types of research, sources of funding and the citations to the papers. RESULTS: There were 49,712 cancer research papers over this period. The leading countries in terms of output were Turkey, Iran, Egypt and Malaysia, but the most cited papers were from Qatar, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. International collaboration was low, except in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The site-specific cancers accounting for most research were breast and blood, correlating with their disease burden in the OIC countries, but lung, cervical and oesophageal cancers were relatively under-researched. Most funding from within the OIC countries was from their own university sector. CONCLUSION: Cancer is seriously under-researched in most of the OIC countries. This will undermine the ability of these countries and OIC as a whole to deliver on better cancer control for their populations. New policies, OIC leadership and funding are urgently needed to address this situation.

Comparative epidemiology and factors associated with major healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones among interconnected acute-, intermediate- and long-term healthcare facilities in Singapore.

OBJECTIVES: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has spread across countries and healthcare settings, with different clones occupying different ecological niches. It is crucial to understand the comparative epidemiology of MRSA clones between healthcare settings and independent factors associated with colonization of specific clones. METHODS: We conducted annual cross-sectional surveillance studies in a network comprising an acute-care hospital and six closely-affiliated intermediate- and long-term care facilities in Singapore between June and July, 2014-2016; 5394 patients contributed 16 045 nasal, axillary and groin samples for culture and MRSA isolates for whole-genome sequencing. Multivariable multilevel multinomial regression models were constructed to assess independent factors associated with MRSA colonization. RESULTS: MRSA clonal complex (CC) 22 was more prevalent in the acute-care hospital (n = 256/493; 51.9%) and intermediate-care facilities (n = 348/634; 54.9%) than in long-term care (n = 88/351; 25.1%) facilities, with clones other than CC22 and CC45 being more prevalent in long-term care facilities (n = 144/351; 41.0%) (p < 0.001). Groin colonization with CC45 was six times that of nasal colonization (aOR 6.21, 95%CI 4.26-9.01). Prior MRSA carriage was associated with increased odds of current MRSA colonization in all settings, with a stronger association with CC22 (aOR 6.45, 95%CI 3.85-10.87) than CC45 (aOR 4.15, 95%CI 2.26-7.58). CONCLUSIONS: Colonization by MRSA clones differed between anatomical sites and across healthcare settings. With CC22 having a predilection for the nares and CC45 the groin, MRSA screening should include both sites. Prior MRSA carriage is a risk factor for colonization with predominant MRSA clones in the acute-care hospital and intermediate- and long-term care facilities. Contact precautions for prior MRSA carriers on admission to any healthcare facility could prevent intra- and inter-institutional MRSA transmission.

Uncommon anatomical sites and anatomopathological presentations of lymphoma in dogs / Sítios anatômicos e apresentações anatomopatológicas incomuns do linfoma em cães

Lymphomas are the tumors most frequently associated with the death or euthanasia of dogs in most parts of the world. In dogs, they almost always occur as disseminated (multicentric lymphoma), gastrointestinal (alimentary lymphoma), or nodal mediastinal (mediastinal lymphoma) diseases. However, other uncommon presentations can occasionally occur. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of these unusual types of lymphoma and demonstrate to veterinary pathologists how they present pathologically. From a total of 100 cases of lymphoma in dogs diagnosed between 1965 and 2017, 16 cases (16/100) were considered by us as non-traditional presentations of the disease: follicular lymphoma, (5/100), peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS (2/100), angiocentric lymphoma (2/100), intravascular large T-cell lymphoma (2/100), lymphomatoid granulomatosis (1/100), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (1/100), hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (1/100), and chronic small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma, intermediate type (1/100). We hope that the results presented here can help veterinary pathologists to recognize such cases of "atypical lymphoma" in their diagnostic routines.(AU)

Linfomas são os tumores mais associados a morte ou eutanásia de cães na maior parte do mundo. Nessa espécie animal ocorrem quase sempre como uma doença disseminada (linfoma multicêntrico), gastrintestinal (linfoma alimentar) ou nodal mediastinal (linfoma mediastínico), entretanto, ocasionalmente, outras apresentações bem menos comuns podem ser encontradas. O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer a prevalência desses pouco usuais tipos de linfoma e demonstrar aos patologistas veterinários como eles se apresentam anatomopatologicamente. De um total de 100 casos de linfoma em cães diagnosticados entre os anos de 1965 e 2017, 16 casos (16/100) foram considerados como apresentações não tradicionais da doença: linfoma folicular (5/100), linfoma de células T periférico inespecífico (2/100), linfoma angiocêntrico (2/100), linfoma intravascular de grandes células T (2/100), granulomatose linfomatoide (2/100), linfoma de grandes células anaplásicas (1/100), linfoma hepatoesplênico de células T (1/100) e linfoma linfocítico crônico de pequenas células B - tipo intermediário (1/100). Esperamos que os resultados aqui demonstrados auxiliem patologistas veterinários a reconhecerem tais casos de "linfomas atípicos" em suas rotinas diagnósticas.(AU)

Mapping the face of young population in China: Influence of anatomical sites and gender on biophysical properties of facial skin.

BACKGROUND: Facial skin exhibits unique biophysical properties, which are influenced by anatomical regions and genders. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the regional and gender differences in facial skin biophysical parameters among Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 12 skin biophysical parameters at four distinct facial skin sites (forehead, cheek, canthus and chin) were measured in a normal population (n = 212) with 42 males and 141 females aged 18-29 years living in Beijing. These parameters consisted of skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, sebum content, erythema/melanin indices, L*a*b* color, skin gloss and elasticity, all quantifying with non-invasive instruments. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the characteristics of the facial skin were significantly different between the regions and genders. The forehead had weaker skin barrier function but secreted the most sebum content, while the cheek was the driest and brightest region on the face. The canthus was the most hydrated area and the chin displayed higher sebum secretion, darker skin color and less elastic. The females showed more hydrated, less oil, lighter and more elastic facial skin compared with males. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the young Chinese facial skin significantly varies with face anatomical regions and differs between genders.

Prevalence of anal, oral, penile and urethral Human Papillomavirus in HIV infected and HIV uninfected men who have sex with men.

Aims of the study were to evaluate Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and type-specific prevalence in four anatomical sites in HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) compared with HIV uninfected MSM. Participants were recruited among the attendees of Infectious Diseases Clinics in Central Italy. A trained medical practitioner collected by interview sociodemographic data and information on medical history, sexual behavior, and drug use. Swabs from anal canal, oral cavity, urethral mucosa, and coronal sulcus were tested for HPV DNA and genotyping. Ninety MSM were enrolled, 45 subjects within each group. Overall, 48.9% MSM were HPV positive and prevalence was higher in HIV infected men (60.0% vs 37.8%, P = 0.035). HPV at multiple anatomic sites occurred in 59.1% MSM, with 34.1% and 22.7% at two and three sites, respectively. Prevalence of anal, coronal sulcus, oral, and urethral HPV was 96.3%, 37%, 21.6%, and 18.5% in HIV infected MSM, and 70.6%, 70.6%, 29.4%, and 23.5% among HIV uninfected. A similar proportion of HIV infected and uninfected MSM (59.2% and 58.8%) carried at least one high-risk genotype. Prevalence of types covered by nonavalent vaccine was 77.8% in HIV infected compared with 82.3% in HIV uninfected MSM. HPV 58 and 16 were mostly detected in HIV positive (43.7% and 31.2%) and negative MSM (50.0% and 40.0%). HPV detection rate underlined the high vulnerability of MSM to acquire multisite infections, characterized by various genotype combinations. Since nonavalent vaccine could have prevented 80% of HPV infections, study findings support the implementation of vaccination programs among MSM.

Comparison and treatment of left-and right-side colon cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Various studies have focused on differences between colon can-cers on the left and right sides. These types of colon cancer differ in terms of their molecular features, embryologic origin, anatomy, pathogenesis to physiological functions, clinical features, treatment response, and prognosis. Therefore, the left-and right-side colon cancers are regarded as different diseases. These differences have significant effect on clinical decision-making and personalized medi-cine.

Retinal dystrophy and congenital glaucoma as major causes of vision loss in students attending two institutions for the visually disabled in Tunis city, Tunisia.

PURPOSE: To assess vision loss, identify affected anatomical sites, determine etiologies and potentially avoidable causes in students attending two institutions for the visually disabled in Tunis city. METHODS: A visit for a complete ophthalmological examination was performed. All students attending these schools were recruited in our study. The World Health Organisation Programme for the Prevention of Blindness (WHO/PBL) examination record for children was used. Data was analysed by the SPSS version 17 statistical software. RESULTS: A total of 172 students were recruited with mean age of 11.9±3.3 years (between 6 and 18 years). One hundred and thirty-seven (79.6%) were under 16 years. The sex-ratio was 1.17. Ninety students (52.3%) had low vision and eighty-two (47.7%) were blind. We reported retina (29%), whole globe (29%), globe appears normal (11%) and optic nerve (9.8%) as the common sites of ocular abnormalities. Retinal dystrophy (22.7%) and congenital glaucoma (22.7%) were the most reported ocular diseases. The main etiologies were hereditary (54.1%) and unknown (30.8%). Consanguinity was reported in 108 students (62.8%), and fifty-five students (32%) had a positive family history. Overall, 50.5% (87/172) of ocular diseases were potentially treatable or preventable. CONCLUSION: Retinal dystrophy and congenital glaucoma were the most common eye diseases. Heredity was the main etiology, and consanguinity was high. To decrease their incidence, awareness of the family members of the risks of consanguinous marriage and appropriate therapy for congenital glaucoma/cataract may significantly improve the child's visual prognosis.

SDS-Page and numerical analysis of Candida albicans from human oral cavity and other anatomical sites

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the protein polymorphism degrees among forty-eight C. albicans isolates from fourteen anatomical sites of clinical patients by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and numerical analyzes, in order to identify subspecies and their similarities in some infectious niches. Cell cultures were grown in YEPD medium, collected by centrifugation, and washed in cold saline solution. The whole-cell proteins were extracted by cell disruption using glass beads and submitted to SDS-PAGE technique. After electrophoresis, the protein bands were stained with coomassie-blue and analyzed by statistics package NTSYS-pc version 1.70 software. Similarity matrixes and dendrograms were generated by application of similarity coefficient of simple matching and UPGMA algorithm, respectively. The results obtained showed several C. albicans subtypes and their similarity degrees (80% to 100%). Such data showed that same patients may be infected by two or more C. albicans subtypes in certain anatomical sites (i.e. only in oral cavity of immunocompromised patients, blood, or tracheal secretion), or yet, two or more patients can be infected in identical anatomical sites (i.e. bronchial washing, urine, oral cavity, tracheal secretion, vaginal secretion, and healthy saliva) with a same C. albicans subtype. However, two or more patients also can show infections in corresponding sites (i.e. oral cavity of immunocompromised patients, blood, oropharyngeal secretion, oral cavity, tracheal secretion, vaginal secretion, and healthy saliva) by different C. albicans subtypes. Besides, two or more patients also can be infected with identical or different C. albicans subtypes in different anatomical sites (i.e.1. identical subtypes in vaginal secretion, tracheal secretion, and urine; abdominal secretion and spittle; drainage and oral cavity; catheter and healthy saliva - i.e.2. subtypes different in bronchial washing, oropharyngeal secretion, pulmonary secretion, oral cavity of immunocompromised patients, and blood). Complementary studies involving C. albicans sample isolated from several anatomical sites of immunocompetent or immunocompromised patients (before, during and after specifics therapies) and their families or hospital workers must be done in order to establish the sources of C. albicans colonization. The whole-cell proteins profile performed by SDS-PAGE associated with computer-assisted numerical analysis may provide preliminary criteria for taxonomic and epidemiological studies of such microorganisms.

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar os graus de polimorfismos protéicos entre isolados de C. albicans provenientes de diversos sítios anatômicos de quarenta e dois pacientes clínicos, através do emprego da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) e análise numérica, a fim de se identificar subespécies e suas similaridades nos diversos nichos infecciosos. Culturas celulares foram desenvolvidas em meio YEPD, coletadas por centrifugação e lavadas com solução salina gelada. As proteínas celulares totais, foram extraídas por rompimento celular, usando pérolas de vidro e submetidas à técnica de SDS-PAGE. Após a eletroforese, as bandas de proteínas foram coradas com coomassie-blue e analisadas pelo conjunto de programas estatístico NTSYS-pc versão 1,70. Matrizes de similaridade e dendrogramas foram gerados pela aplicação do coeficiente de similaridade simple-matching e do algoritmo UPGMA, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos revelaram vários subtipos de C. albicans e seus graus de similaridade (80% a 100%). Tais dados permitiram demonstrar que, certos pacientes podem estar infectados com dois ou mais subtipos de C. albicans em determinados sítios anatômicos (i.e. apenas na cavidade oral de pacientes imunocomprometidos, sangue ou secreção traqueal), ou ainda, dois ou mais pacientes podem estar infectados em sítios anatômicos idênticos (i.e. apenas em lavagem brônquica, urina, cavidade oral, secreção traqueal, secreção vaginal ou saliva saudável) com um mesmo subtipo de C. albicans. No entanto, dois ou mais pacientes também podem apresentar infecções em sítios correspondentes (i.e. apenas na cavidade oral de pacientes imunocomprometidos, sangue, secreção orofaríngea, cavidade oral, secreção traqueal, secreção vaginal e saliva saudável) por diferentes subtipos de C. albicans. Além disso, dois ou mais pacientes também podem estar infectados com subtipos idênticos ou não de C. albicans em diferentes sítios anatômicos (i.e.1. idênticos subtipos na secreção vaginal, secreção traqueal e urina; secreção abdominal e escarro; drenagem e cavidade oral; cateter e saliva saudável - i.e.2. diferentes subtipos em lavagem brônquica, secreção orofaríngea, secreção pulmonar, cavidade oral de pacientes imunocomprometidos e sangue). Dados complementares envolvendo amostras de C. albicans isoladas de vários sítios anatômicos de pacientes imunocompetentes ou imunocomprometidos (antes, durante e após terapias específicas) e seus familiares ou trabalhadores hospitalares, deverão ser obtidos a fim de se estabelecer as possíveis fontes de colonização por esses microrganismos. De modo geral, os perfis de proteínas totais obtidos por SDS-PAGE associados com análise numérica computadorizada, permitem a obtenção de critérios adicionais para os estudos epidemiológicos e taxonômicos de C. albicans.

A Study of Transepidermal Water Loss at Various Anatomical Sites of the Skin / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The regional variation in transepidermal water loss(TEWL) is related to the varying skin structure, particularly the epidermis and its horny layer, and the regional distribution of the eccrine sweat glands, which are concentrated on the palms and soles. OBJECTIVE: We tried to evaluate the TEWL values at various anatomic sites and compare of TEWL values between male and female, left and right, dominant and non-dominant forearm. METHODS: In this study 24 healthy volunteers(mean age 26.6 years, range 20-34 years, 14 males and 10 females) with no history of atopic dermatitis were included. Measurements were performed at various anatomical sites of the skin using Tewameter TM 210(R)(Courage+Khazaka, Koln, Germany). Prior to the measurement of TEWL values, subjects stayed still for 30 minutes in the room where the temperature was controlled(18-23degrees C) with a relative humidity of 35-45%. RESULTS: 1. TEWL values at various anatomical sites of the skin ranked as follows ; palm > sole > back = calf = chin > forearm. TEWL values of wrist forearm was statistically higher than those of proximal forearm and mid-forearm. 2. TEWL values at paim and sole were higher in male than in female(p<0.05), although we could not see any statistically significant difference in TEWL values between male and female at other sites of the skin. 3. Comparing TEWL values of right side of forearm, palm, and sole with those of left side, there were no statistical significance in differences. 4. There were no statisically significant differences in TEWL values at forearm between dominant portion(right handed person's right forearm in 20 persons and left handed person's left forearm in 4 persons) and non-dominant portion. CONCLUSION: There were significant variations in TEWL values at various anatomical site of the skin. It may be necessary to consider the anatomical site of the skin, when we compare the TEWL values which studying the irritant contact dermatitis.