RESUMO
An analysis of the distribution of surnames through time and space allows us to understand the structure of human groups, their exchanges or even their possible isolation. The French population has already been studied through surnames and it has been shown that the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region differed from the rest of France in both the 20th and 21st centuries (Mourrieras et al., ; Scapoli et al., ). The objective of this study was to understand the population evolution and particularities of the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region through an analysis of the distribution of surnames over an earlier period: the 19th century. For this work, 806,069 birth records from 521 communes between 1810 and 1890 were recorded and a total of 23,340 surnames were collected. The estimation of various isonymic parameters has allowed a description of this corpus never exploited before. In order to appreciate the population evolution, the data set was divided into three periods of 25 years. The canton was the geographical unit of this study, and similarities and differences between each of them were evaluated using Lasker distances, which allow the construction of dendrograms. A positive and significant correlation (p<0.0001) was found between Lasker distances and geographical distances using the Mantel test. The lowest inbreeding estimates were found in the Durance Valley. Migration, estimated from the v-index of Karlin and McGregor (), showed higher values in the south-western quarter of the region. The decrease in Rst values across the three periods is consistent with a homogenization of the patronymic between the cantons. This three-period approach showed a population evolution influenced by linguistic, cultural, historical and migratory phenomena since the Middle Ages, disrupted by the socioeconomic changes of the 19th century.
Assuntos
Nomes , População Rural , Humanos , Declaração de Nascimento , População Branca , Geografia , Genética PopulacionalRESUMO
Resumen La descentralización educativa, proyectada mediante la oferta localizada y pertinente al territorio, cuenta con poca información respecto al impacto que se ha logrado después de tres décadas de presencia de la universidad en la región del Oriente Antioqueño. Este artículo presenta los resultados del estudio realizado con 91 egresados de la Facultad de Educación, el cual valoró las transformaciones que la educación superior generó en sus trayectorias de vida y, a través de estas experiencias, en los territorios a los que pertenecen, encontrando que se favoreció significativamente la acumulación de capitales para el desarrollo de los sujetos y el territorio.
Abstract Educational decentralization, which is projected through the localized and relevant offer to the territory, has little information regarding the impact achieved after three decades of the university's presence, in the Eastern Region of Antioquia. This article presents the results of the study carried out with 91 graduates of the Faculty of Education, which valued the transformations that higher education generated in their life trajectories and, through these experiences, in the territories to which they belong, finding that the accumulation of capital for the development of subjects and territory was significantly favored.
RESUMO
Hypertension prevalence is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like South Africa, and migration and its concomitant urbanization are often considered to be associated with this rise. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and internal migration - a highly prevalent population process in LMICs. This study employed data for a group of 194 adult men and women from an original pilot dataset drawn from the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System in north-east South Africa conducted in 2012. Migrants in the sample were identified, tracked and interviewed. The relationship between BP and migration distance and the number of months an individual spent away from his/her home village was estimated using robust OLS regression, controlling for a series of socioeconomic, health and behavioural characteristics. It was found that migrants who moved a longer distance and for longer durations had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with shorter-term migrants and those who remained nearby or in their home village. These associations remained robust and statistically significant when adjusting for measures of socioeconomic conditions, as well as body mass index and the number of meals consumed per day. Migration, both in terms of distance and time away, explained significant variation in the blood pressure of migrants in this typical South African context. The findings suggest the need for further studies of the nutritional and psycho-social factors associated with geographic mobility that may be important to understand rising hypertension levels in LMICs.
