Origem e destinação da fauna silvestre: levantamento de dados no estado de Sergipe / Origin and destination of wildlife: survey data in the state of Sergipe

A biodiversidade da Região Nordeste Brasileira encontra-se ameaçada pela ação humana devido a atividades como o desmatamento e a retirada de espécies silvestres do seu ambiente de origem. Assim, objetiva-se, com esta pesquisa, realizar um levantamento descritivo acerca das ações de recebimento e destinação dos animais silvestres realizadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) no estado de Sergipe. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados provenientes dos registros de captura realizados pelo IBAMA/SE entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Os animais que compunham esse banco de dados foram classificados conforme sua classe taxonômica, sendo: aves, répteis ou mamíferos. A origem dos animais que chegaram ao IBAMA foi subdividida da seguinte forma: oriundos de apreensão, de resgate ou de entrega voluntária. Já a destinação desses animais foi classificada como: óbito, soltura, cativeiro ou outros (quando não se enquadravam nas classes anteriores). Foi elaborado um banco de dados utilizando o software Excel®, e os dados foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Dos 5.247 indivíduos apreendidos ao longo do período estudado, a maior parte pertencia à classe das aves (81,9%), seguida pela dos répteis (16,4%) e dos mamíferos (1,7%). A apreensão foi a origem mais comum dos animais recebidos pelo IBAMA/SE em todos os anos avaliados; em segundo e terceiro lugar estão a entrega voluntária e o resgate, respectivamente. Para todas as classes taxonômicas, a principal destinação dos animais foi a soltura, enquanto o envio para cativeiros foi a alternativa menos frequente em todos os anos.

The biodiversity of the Brazilian Northeast region is threatened by human action due to activities such as deforestation and the removal of wild species from their original environment. Thus, this research aims to carry out a descriptive survey about the actions of reception and destination of wild animals performed by the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources Brazilian Institute Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) in the State of Sergipe. For this, data from capture records carried out by IBAMA/SE between 2016 and 2020 were used. The animals that made up this database were classified according to their taxonomic class, being, Birds, Reptiles, or Mammals. The origin of animals that arrived at IBAMA was subdivided as follows: from seizure, rescue, or voluntary delivery. The destination of these animals was classified as: death, release, captivity, or others (when they did not fit into the previous classes). A database was created using Excel® software, and the data were analyzed descriptively. Of the 5247 individuals apprehended over the period studied, most belonged to the bird class (81.9%), followed by reptiles (16.4%) and mammals (1.7%). Seizure was the most common origin of animals received by IBAMA/SE in all evaluated years, in second and third place are voluntary delivery and rescue, respectively. For all taxonomic classes, the main destination of the animals was release, while sending to captivity was the least frequent alternative in all years.

Bactérias zoonóticas isoladas de Passeriformes silvestres recuperados do tráfico de animais no estado do Ceará/Brasil / Zoonotic bacteria isolated from wild Passeriformes recovered from animal trafficking in the State of Ceará/Brazil

A ordem dos Passeriformes é uma das mais pressionadas pelas ações antrópicas, especialmente as relativas ao tráfico de animais, que, devido às más condições de manejo e higiênico-sanitárias, favorecem a infecção dos espécimes por patógenos virulentos e zoonóticos, como cepas de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp., cujo isolamento em suabes cloacais, bem como a análise dos genes de virulência das cepas de E. coli foram objetivos do estudo. Para isso, 120 Passeriformes silvestres nativos, recebidos pelo Cetas/CE, foram avaliados individualmente. As cepas isoladas foram submetidas a teste de disco difusão para determinação da sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Em etapa posterior, foi realizada PCR para a detecção de oito genes de virulência dos principais patotipos diarreiogênicos de E. coli. Quanto aos resultados, nenhuma cepa de Salmonella spp. foi isolada, no entanto a ocorrência de E. coli foi de 40,8%. Foi observada elevada resistência, principalmente aos antimicrobianos tetraciclina, ampicilina e sulfazotrim, ocorrendo multirresistência em 42,8% das cepas. Pela análise molecular, foram diagnosticados quatro entre os nove genes pesquisados, com a identificação de EPEC típicas, EPEC atípicas, ETEC, EHEC e EAEC. Os resultados apontam para a importância de Passeriformes como possíveis disseminadores de zoonoses.(AU)

The order Passeriformes is one of the most pressured by anthropic actions, especially those related to animal trafficking. Due to poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, the infection of the specimens is favored by virulent and zoonotic pathogens such as strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., whose isolation in cloacal swabs as well as the analysis of the virulence genes of E. coli strains were the objectives of the study. For this, 120 native wild Passeriformes, received by CETAS/CE were individually evaluated. The isolated strains were submitted to diffusion disc test to determine sensitivity to antimicrobials. In a later stage, PCR was performed for the detection of eight virulence genes from the main E. coli diarrhoeagenic pathogens. Regarding the results, no strain of Salmonella spp. was isolated; however, the occurrence of E. coli was 40.8%. High resistance was observed, mainly to the antimicrobials Tetracycline, Ampicillin and Sulfazotrim, with multi-resistance in 42.8% of the strains. By molecular analysis, four of the nine genes were diagnosed, identifying typical EPEC, atypical EPEC, ETEC, EHEC and EAEC. The results point to the importance of Passeriformes as possible disseminators of zoonoses.(AU)

Bactérias zoonóticas isoladas de Passeriformes silvestres recuperados do tráfico de animais no estado do Ceará/Brasil / Zoonotic bacteria isolated from wild Passeriformes recovered from animal trafficking in the State of Ceará/Brazil

A ordem dos Passeriformes é uma das mais pressionadas pelas ações antrópicas, especialmente as relativas ao tráfico de animais, que, devido às más condições de manejo e higiênico-sanitárias, favorecem a infecção dos espécimes por patógenos virulentos e zoonóticos, como cepas de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp., cujo isolamento em suabes cloacais, bem como a análise dos genes de virulência das cepas de E. coli foram objetivos do estudo. Para isso, 120 Passeriformes silvestres nativos, recebidos pelo Cetas/CE, foram avaliados individualmente. As cepas isoladas foram submetidas a teste de disco difusão para determinação da sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Em etapa posterior, foi realizada PCR para a detecção de oito genes de virulência dos principais patotipos diarreiogênicos de E. coli. Quanto aos resultados, nenhuma cepa de Salmonella spp. foi isolada, no entanto a ocorrência de E. coli foi de 40,8%. Foi observada elevada resistência, principalmente aos antimicrobianos tetraciclina, ampicilina e sulfazotrim, ocorrendo multirresistência em 42,8% das cepas. Pela análise molecular, foram diagnosticados quatro entre os nove genes pesquisados, com a identificação de EPEC típicas, EPEC atípicas, ETEC, EHEC e EAEC. Os resultados apontam para a importância de Passeriformes como possíveis disseminadores de zoonoses.(AU)

The order Passeriformes is one of the most pressured by anthropic actions, especially those related to animal trafficking. Due to poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, the infection of the specimens is favored by virulent and zoonotic pathogens such as strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., whose isolation in cloacal swabs as well as the analysis of the virulence genes of E. coli strains were the objectives of the study. For this, 120 native wild Passeriformes, received by CETAS/CE were individually evaluated. The isolated strains were submitted to diffusion disc test to determine sensitivity to antimicrobials. In a later stage, PCR was performed for the detection of eight virulence genes from the main E. coli diarrhoeagenic pathogens. Regarding the results, no strain of Salmonella spp. was isolated; however, the occurrence of E. coli was 40.8%. High resistance was observed, mainly to the antimicrobials Tetracycline, Ampicillin and Sulfazotrim, with multi-resistance in 42.8% of the strains. By molecular analysis, four of the nine genes were diagnosed, identifying typical EPEC, atypical EPEC, ETEC, EHEC and EAEC. The results point to the importance of Passeriformes as possible disseminators of zoonoses.(AU)

Back home? Uncertainties for returning seized animals to the source-areas under climate change.

Regardless of the economic, social and environmental impacts caused by wild animal trafficking worldwide, the suitable destination of seized specimens is one of the main challenges faced by environmental managers and authorities. In Brazil, returning seized animals to the wild has been the most frequent path in population restoration programs, and has been carried out, as a priority, in areas where the animals were captured. However, in addition to the difficulty in identifying the locations of illegal captures, little scientific knowledge is available on the future viability of the source-areas to global climate change. Thus, the current work aims to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the main source-municipalities for animal trafficking in Brazil, referred to herein as source-areas. For this, using ecological niche modeling, the environmental suitability of the source-areas for illegal animal captures was evaluated in two scenarios at two different time horizons: optimistic (RCP 26) and pessimistic (RCP 85) emission scenarios in both 2050 and 2070 projections. Moreover, the source-areas were compared with the Brazilian Federal protected areas, used here as the control group. According to the results, Brazilian source-municipalities are not always the best option for maintaining the most seized species in the future simulations, and, therefore, seem not be the best option for projects that aim for the return of these animals to the wild. In this sense, despite the genetic and ecological issues inherent in translocation projects, our results suggest that population restoration programs for seized species need to be rethought, and furthermore other suitable areas could be considered for truly ensuring the survival and maintenance of overexploited populations in the long term.