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1.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 99(5): 195-204, May. 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-VR-70

RESUMO

La degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) constituye una de las principales causas de la pérdida de agudeza visual (AV) en los mayores de 50 años en el mundo, siendo la DMAE neovascular (DMAEn) la causante del 80% de los casos de pérdida de visión severa debido a esta enfermedad. Hace ya más de una década que se emplean los fármacos antifactor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (anti-VEGF) para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad, cambiando drásticamente el pronóstico visual de estos pacientes. Sin embargo, los primeros estudios de los que se disponían datos de los resultados eran a corto plazo. En la actualidad existen ya diferentes series publicadas de los resultados de la DMAE a largo plazo tras el tratamiento con anti-VEGF, siendo el objetivo de la presente revisión sintetizar dichos resultados. El seguimiento medio de los estudios incluidos fue de 8,2 años (rango: 5-12 años). La AV inicial media fue 55,3 letras del Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) (rango: 45,6-65) siendo la AV final media 50,1 letras (rango: 33,0-64,3), existiendo una pérdida media de 5,2 letras. Al final del seguimiento un 29,4% de los pacientes mantuvieron una AV>70 letras. El 67,9% de los pacientes se mantuvo estable al final del seguimiento (<15 letras de pérdida), existiendo una pérdida severa (≥15 letras) del 30,1%. La fibrosis y la atrofia fueron las principales causas de pérdida de AV a largo plazo, presentándose al final del seguimiento en un 52,5% y un 60,5%, respectivamente.(AU)


Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of visual acuity (VA) loss in people over 50 years of age worldwide, with neovascular AMD (nAMD) accounting for 80% of cases of severe vision loss due to this disease. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs have been used for the treatment of this disease for more than a decade, changing drastically the visual prognosis of these patients. However, initial studies reporting data on outcomes were short term. Currently, there are different series published on the long-term results of AMD after treatment with anti-VEGF, and the aim of this review is to synthesize these results. The mean follow-up of the included studies was 8.2 years (range 5-12 years). The mean initial VA was 55.3 letters in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) (range 45.6-65) and the mean final VA was 50.1 letters (range 33.0-64.3), with a mean loss of 5.2 letters. At the end of follow-up, 29.4% of the patients maintained a VA>70 letters. The 67.9% of patients remained stable at the end of follow-up (<15 letter loss), with a severe loss (≥15 letters) of 30.1%. Fibrosis and atrophy were the main causes of long-term VA loss, occurring at the end of follow-up in 52.5% and 60.5%, respectively.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Degeneração Macular , Inibidores da Angiogênese , Prognóstico , Membrana Epirretiniana , Oftalmologia , Oftalmopatias
2.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 99(5): 195-204, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38216049

RESUMO

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of visual acuity (VA) loss in people over 50 years of age worldwide, with neovascular AMD (nAMD) accounting for 80% of cases of severe vision loss due to this disease. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs have been used for the treatment of this disease for more than a decade, changing drastically the visual prognosis of these patients. However, initial studies reporting data on outcomes were short term. Currently, there are different series published on the long-term results of AMD after treatment with anti-VEGF, and the aim of this review is to synthesize these results. The mean follow-up of the included studies was 8.2 years (range 5-12 years). The mean initial VA was 55.3 letters in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) (range 45.6-65) and the mean final VA was 50.1 letters (range 33.0-64.3), with a mean loss of 5.2 letters. At the end of follow-up, 29.4% of the patients maintained a VA > 70 letters. The 67.9% of patients remained stable at the end of follow-up (< 15 letter loss), with a severe loss (≥ 15 letters) of 30.1%. Fibrosis and atrophy were the main causes of long-term VA loss, occurring at the end of follow-up in 52.5% and 60.5%, respectively.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese , Acuidade Visual , Humanos , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Degeneração Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Degeneração Macular Exsudativa/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Tempo , Idoso , Seguimentos
3.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 36(3)sept. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550940

RESUMO

Dentro de las enfermedades vasculares de la retina, la oclusión venosa retiniana es relativamente frecuente y debido a sus complicaciones afecta de forma moderada o grave la visión. Las opciones terapéuticas aplicadas en el edema macular y los desprendimientos de retina traccionales causados por las oclusiones venosas son varias. Se realizó una revisión en la literatura científica para valorar la eficacia y seguridad del uso combinado de diferentes terapias que incluye los antiangiogénicos y esteroides intravítreos con o sin aplicación de láser, así como la vitrectomía pars plana como alternativas de tratamiento de las complicaciones de la enfermedad oclusiva venosa retiniana. Aun cuando los antiangiogénicos se consideren como primera línea de tratamiento en la oclusión venosa retiniana, en varios casos hay mejor respuesta en sus combinaciones y de los esteroides con láser. Para resolver el desprendimiento de retina traccional y hemorragia vítrea, debidas a las oclusiones venosas, se requiere, mayormente, operación de vitrectomía pars plana. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas como PubMed, Cochrane y otras publicaciones relacionadas con las alternativas de tratamiento de la obstrucción venosa retiniana en los últimos años.


Among retinal vascular diseases, retinal venous occlusion is relatively frequent and due to its complications, it moderately or severely affects vision. The therapeutic options applied in macular edema and tractional retinal detachments caused by venous occlusions are several. A review of the scientific literature was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of the combined use of different therapies including intravitreal antiangiogenics and steroids with or without laser application, as well as pars plana vitrectomy as treatment alternatives for the complications of retinal venous occlusive disease. Even when antiangiogenics are considered as first line of treatment in retinal venous occlusion, in several cases there is better response in their combinations and steroids with laser. To resolve tractional retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage due to venous occlusions, a pars plana vitrectomy operation is mostly required. A search was made in electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane and other publications related to treatment alternatives for retinal venous obstruction in recent years.

4.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 35(3)sept. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441747

RESUMO

En los últimos años, la aparición de los fármacos antiangiogénicos ha revolucionado el tratamiento de numerosas enfermedades de la retina, su asociación con la hipertensión ocular tras las inyecciones ha sido objeto de estudio en numerosas ocasiones. Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente con glaucoma y degeneración macular asociada a la edad con la que se estudió la relación entre la administración de antiangiogénicos intravítreos y la elevación de la presión intraocular, a corto y largo plazo. La administración de fármacos antiangiogénicos es en la actualidad el procedimiento oftalmológico más empleado en las consultas de todo el mundo. La administración de intravítreas se ha asociado a la producción de un pico hipertensivo transitorio en el momento agudo y a la elevación de la presión intraocular a largo plazo. Un estrecho intervalo entre inyecciones ( 7 al año), pacientes con cámara estrecha, fáquicos y con diagnóstico previo de glaucoma son los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de una elevación sostenida de presión intraocular tras el tratamiento intravítreo con antiangiogénicos. Identificar a los pacientes con alto riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión ocular tras el uso de inyecciones intravítreas y adoptar medidas que reduzcan dicho riesgo, como la administración de hipotensores tópicos antes de la inyección, es fundamental para mejorar su salud visual. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 78 años de edad con diagnóstico de glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto de cinco años de evolución en ambos ojos(AU)


In recent years, the emergence of antiangiogenic drugs has revolutionized the treatment of numerous retinal diseases, their association with ocular hypertension after injections has been the subject of study on numerous occasions. We present a clinical case of a patient with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration in which the relationship between the administration of intravitreal antiangiogenic drugs and the elevation of intraocular pressure, in the short and long term, was studied. The prescribing of antiangiogenic drugs is currently the most widely used ophthalmologic procedure in practices worldwide. Intravitreal administration has been associated with the production of a transitory hypertensive peak in the acute setting and long-term elevation of intraocular pressure. A narrow interval between injections ( 7 per year), patients with narrow chamber, phakic and with a previous diagnosis of glaucoma are the main risk factors for the development of sustained intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal treatment with antiangiogenics. Identifying patients at high risk of developing ocular hypertension after intravitreal injections and adopting measures to reduce this risk, such as the administration of topical hypotensives before the injection, is essential to improve their eyesight health. The case of a 78-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma of five years of evolution in both eyes is presented(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/diagnóstico , Injeções Intravítreas/métodos , Degeneração Macular/etiologia
5.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 22(3): 14-21, jul.-set. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: biblio-1399579

RESUMO

O objetivo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos discentes do último ano do curso de odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco, acerca da etiológia e manejo da osteonecrose dos maxilares. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com os alunos do 9° e 10° períodos, onde 45 alunos responderam voluntariamente, após firmarem o aceite do termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, questionário estruturado mediante informações básicas sobre drogas antirreabsortivas e antiangiogênicas, além do manejo de pacientes com osteonecrose dos maxilares. Resultados: Dos 45 discentes que aceitaram responder o questionário 22 (48,8%) eram do 9° período e 23 (51,11%) do 10° período; 82% relataram que não aprenderam sobre medicamentos antirreabsortivos e antiangiogênicos; 84,4% tiveram informações sobre a osteonecrose durante a formação acadêmica. Em relação à possibilidade terapêutica 43,6% indicaram o tratamento cirúrgico (desbridamento); 20,5% laser de baixa intensidade e antibiótico; 12,8% ressecção cirúrgica; 10,3% laser de baixa intensidade; 7,7% oxigenação hiperbárica; (5,12%) infusão de PRP (plasma rico em plaquetas). Conclusão: O atual padrão de conhecimento passado sobre a etiologia e manejo da osteonecrose dos maxilares, induzida por fármacos, não está dando o suporte necessário para a tomada de decisão ao término do processo formal de ensino e aprendizagem no curso de odontologia... (AU)


The objective was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the final-year dental students of the Universidade de Pernambuco about the etiology and management of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with students from the 9th and 10th periods. Informed Consent, a structured questionnaire with basic information about antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs, besides the management of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaws. Results: Of the 45 students who agreed to answer the questionnaire, 22 (48.8%) were from the 9th period and 23 (51.11%) from the 10th period; 82% reported that they did not learn about antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs; 84.4% had information about osteonecrosis during their academic training. Regarding the therapeutic possibility 43.6% indicated surgical treatment (debridement); 20.5% low intensity laser and antibiotic; 12.8% surgical resection; 10.3% low intensity laser; 7.7% hyperbaric oxygenation; (5.12%) infusion of PRP (platelet rich plasma). Conclusion: The current pattern of past knowledge on the etiology and management of drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws is not providing the necessary support for decision making at the end of the formal teaching and learning process in the dental course... (AU)


El objetivo es evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes del último año del curso de odontología de la Universidad de Pernambuco, sobre la etiología y el manejo de la osteonecrosis de los maxilares. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con los estudiantes de los periodos 9° y 10°, en el que 45 estudiantes respondieron voluntariamente, tras firmar el término de Consentimiento Livre y Esclarecido, a un cuestionario estructurado mediante información básica sobre drogas antirreabsortivas y antiangiogénicas, además del manejo de pacientes con osteonecrosis de los maxilares. Resultados: De los 45 estudiantes que accedieron a contestar el cuestionario, 22 (48,8%) eran del 9º periodo y 23 (51,11%) del 10º periodo; el 82% informó de que no había aprendido sobre los fármacos antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos; el 84,4% tuvo información sobre la osteonecrosis durante su formación académica. En cuanto a la posibilidad terapéutica, el 43,6% indicó tratamiento quirúrgico (desbridamiento); el 20,5%, láser de baja intensidad y antibiótico; el 12,8%, resección quirúrgica; el 10,3%, láser de baja intensidad; el 7,7%, oxigenación hiperbárica; el 5,12%, infusión de PRP (plasma rico en plaquetas). Conclusión: El modelo actual de conocimientos previos sobre la etiología y el tratamiento de la osteonecrosis de los maxilares inducida por fármacos no está proporcionando el apoyo necesario para la toma de decisiones al final del proceso formal de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el curso de odontologia... (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Osteonecrose , Estudantes de Odontologia , Doenças Maxilares , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Tomada de Decisão Clínica
6.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 97(4): 184-190, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35523464

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused chaos in all health systems on the planet. It has been difficult to cope with COVID 19, but also to maintain the activity in other specialties. In ophthalmology, the scientific societies recommended providing urgent care, including the intravitreal treatment of patients with active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), since a delay in treatment implies a potential loss of visual acuity (VA). The main objective of this study was to measure the impact of the coronavirus lockdown on the activity and visual results in patients with neovascular AMD in Area 3 of Madrid. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective observational study was conducted of all patients with neovascular AMD who attended a consultation and/or received intravitreal treatment in the 3 months before the lockdown. RESULTS: In the 3 months before the lockdown, 144 patients with neovascular AMD were treated, of whom only 51 attended a consultation during the lockdown and, at 6 months after it, only 117 patients had resumed their follow-up. Mean VA before the lockdown was 58.0 ±â€¯23.7 letters and was statistically significantly reduced to 53.0 ±â€¯27.1 letters at 6 months after the lockdown. We also observed a significant decrease in the number of visits during the lockdown, despite the security measures implemented. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that patients with neovascular AMD have had a statistically significant decrease in VA due to the lockdown. A VA of almost 58 letters was reduced to 53 at 6 months after the lockdown. The percentage of patients who lost 15 or more letters doubled. We observed a 63.3% loss of temporary follow-up during the lockdown and a 14.58% loss of permanent follow-up at 6 months after the lockdown.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Degeneração Macular Exsudativa , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Humanos , Injeções Intravítreas , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Acuidade Visual , Degeneração Macular Exsudativa/tratamento farmacológico
7.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 97(4): 191-197, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35523465

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has improved significantly since the advent of antiangiogenic treatments. However, several «real life¼ studies have shown lower number of injections and a markedly worse visual prognosis than pivotal clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of the treatment of neovascular AMD and analyse clinical factors related to the functional and structural prognosis in routine clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational, single-centre study that included 143 eyes of 122 patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD between the years 2015 and 2016, who received treatment with antiangiogenic drugs and were followed up for two or more years. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved in 45% of patients after two years of treatment. The mean decrease in central macular thickness was 85 µm (p < 0.001) and the mean number of injections was 13. Retinal pigment epithelium rupture was present in 3.5%. Ranibizumab was the drug most used as a first option, although 79 patients (55.2%) required a change in treatment, most being switched to aflibercept. A greater number of visits (p < 0.001) and a lower number of injections (p < 0.01) were predictors of worse structural outcome. The number of visits was associated with better visual acuity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment has demonstrated its efficacy by improving visual acuity and central macular thickness. However, the number of injections performed has generally been higher than in other real-life studies.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese , Degeneração Macular Exsudativa , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Injeções Intravítreas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Acuidade Visual , Degeneração Macular Exsudativa/tratamento farmacológico
8.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 97(4): 184-190, abr. 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-208839

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo La pandemia SARS-CoV-2 ha supuesto un caos organizativo para todos los sistemas sanitarios del planeta. No solo ha sido complicado hacer frente a la COVID 19, sino también ajustar la actividad asistencial en otras especialidades. En oftalmología las recomendaciones de las sociedades científicas eran dar asistencia urgente y dentro de esta se contemplaba el tratamiento intravítreo de los pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad neovascular (DMAEn) activa, puesto que el retraso en el tratamiento supone una pérdida potencialmente irrecuperable de agudeza visual (AV). El objetivo primario del presente estudio es medir el impacto en la actividad y los resultados visuales del confinamiento por coronavirus en los pacientes con DMAEn en el área 3 de la Comunidad de Madrid. Material y método Se plantea un estudio observacional retrospectivo de todos los pacientes con DMAEn que habían acudido a consulta y/o recibido tratamiento intravítreo los 3 meses previos al inicio del confinamiento. Resultados Los 3 meses previos al confinamiento se atendieron a 144 pacientes con DMAEn de los cuales solo 51 acudieron durante el confinamiento y a los 6 meses tras el confinamiento solo 117 pacientes han retomado su seguimiento. La AV media antes del confinamiento era de 58±23,7 letras y se redujo de forma estadísticamente significativa a 53±27,1 letras a los 6 meses tras el confinamiento. También observamos una disminución significativa del número de visitas durante el confinamiento a pesar de las medidas de seguridad implementadas. Conclusiones Nuestro estudio demuestra que los pacientes con DMAEn presentan una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la AV durante el confinamiento. De una AV de casi 58 letras, se redujo a 53 a los 6 meses del confinamiento. El porcentaje de pacientes que perdió 15 o más letras se duplicó (AU)


Background and objective The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused chaos in all health systems on the planet. It has been difficult to cope with COVID 19, but also to maintain the activity in other specialties. In ophthalmology, the scientific societies recommended providing urgent care, including the intravitreal treatment of patients with active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), since a delay in treatment implies a potential loss of visual acuity (VA). The main objective of this study was to measure the impact of the coronavirus lockdown on the activity and visual results in patients with neovascular AMD in Area 3 of Madrid. Material and method A retrospective observational study was conducted of all patients with neovascular AMD who attended a consultation and/or received intravitreal treatment in the 3 months before the lockdown. Results In the 3 months before the lockdown, 144 patients with neovascular AMD were treated, of whom only 51 attended a consultation during the lockdown and, at 6 months after it, only 117 patients had resumed their follow-up. Mean VA before the lockdown was 58.0±23.7 letters and was statistically significantly reduced to 53.0±27.1 letters at 6 months after the lockdown. We also observed a significant decrease in the number of visits during the lockdown, despite the security measures implemented. onclusions Our study shows that patients with neovascular AMD have had a statistically significant decrease in VA due to the lockdown. A VA of almost 58 letters was reduced to 53 at 6 months after the lockdown. The percentage of patients who lost 15 or more letters doubled. We observed a 63.3% loss of temporary follow-up during the lockdown and a 14.58% loss of permanent follow-up at 6 months after the lockdown (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Degeneração Macular Exsudativa/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acuidade Visual , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Pandemias , Injeções Intravítreas
9.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 97(4): 191-197, abr. 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-208843

RESUMO

Antecedentes El pronóstico de la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) ha mejorado significativamente desde la aparición de los tratamientos antiangiogénicos. Sin embargo, diversos estudios realizados en «vida real» han demostrado un número de inyecciones inferior y un pronóstico visual notablemente peor de los ensayos clínicos pivotales. Objetivo Valorar la efectividad y seguridad del tratamiento de la DMAE neovascular y analizar factores clínicos relacionados con el pronóstico funcional y estructural en la práctica clínica habitual. Materiales y métodos Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y unicéntrico. Se incluyeron 143 ojos de 122 pacientes diagnosticados de DMAE neovascular entre los años 2015 y 2016, que recibieron tratamiento con antiangiogénicos y con un seguimiento de dos o más años. Resultados La agudeza visual mejoró en el 45% de pacientes tras dos años de tratamiento. La disminución media de grosor macular central fue de 85 μm (p < 0,001) y el número medio de inyecciones fue de 13. Un 3,5% presentó una rotura del epitelio pigmentario. Ranibizumab fue el más utilizado como primera opción, aunque 79 pacientes (55,2%) requirieron un cambio de fármaco, pasando la mayoría a ser tratados con aflibercept. Fueron predictores de peor resultado estructural un mayor número de visitas (p < 0,001) y un menor número de inyecciones (p < 0,01). El número de visitas se asoció a mejor agudeza visual (p < 0,001). Conclusiones El tratamiento ha demostrado su eficacia mejorando la agudeza visual y el grosor macular central. Sin embargo, el número de inyecciones realizado ha sido en general superior al de otros estudios de vida real (AU)


Background The prognosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has improved significantly since the advent of antiangiogenic treatments. However, several «real life» studies have shown lower number of injections and a markedly worse visual prognosis than pivotal clinical trials. Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of the treatment of neovascular AMD and analyse clinical factors related to the functional and structural prognosis in routine clinical practice. Material and method Retrospective, observational, single-centre study that included 143 eyes of 122 patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD between the years 2015 and 2016, who received treatment with antiangiogenic drugs and were followed up for two or more years. Result Visual acuity improved in 45% of patients after two years of treatment. The mean decrease in central macular thickness was 85 microns (p < 0.001) and the mean number of injections was 13. Retinal pigment epithelium rupture was present in 3.5%. Ranibizumab was the drug most used as a first option, although 79 patients (55.2%) required a change in treatment, most being switched to aflibercept. A greater number of visits (p < 0.001) and a lower number of injections (p < 0.01) were predictors of worse structural outcome. The number of visits was associated with better visual acuity (p < 0.001). Conclusions The treatment has demonstrated its efficacy by improving visual acuity and central macular thickness. However, the number of injections performed has generally been higher than in other real-life studies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Degeneração Macular Exsudativa/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Injeções Intravítreas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Acuidade Visual , Resultado do Tratamento , Prognóstico
10.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389786

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a medicamentos (OMAM) se define como la presencia de hueso necrótico expuesto de los maxilares en pacientes con historia de tratamiento farmacológico antirresortivo o antiangiogénico. Se describen diferentes estadios se severidad, con tratamiento conservador para estadios 0 y I, y tratamiento médico-quirúrgico para II-III. Objetivo: Describir los factores desencadenantes, opciones de tratamiento médico-quirúrgico y resultados en pacientes con OMAM estadios II-III. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de pacientes diagnosticados con OMAM estadios II y III que requirieron manejo médico-quirúrgico en la Red de Salud UC-Christus entre los años 2007 y 2018. Resultados: Todos los pacientes presentaron historia de tratamiento con bifosfonatos intravenosos. La mayoría de los registros de seguimiento de pacientes estuvo disponible para su análisis. El tratamiento consistió en aseo quirúrgico, decorticación y secuestrectomía. Se reportó disminución de la sintomatología con resolución parcial en la mitad de los casos y cierre completo de la exposición ósea en los restantes. Conclusión: Sugerimos que el tratamiento médico-quirúrgico en pacientes con OMAM en etapas II y III es efectivo en términos de disminución de sintomatología y control de infección. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar nuevos estudios prospectivos, con mayor cantidad de pacientes y tiempo de seguimiento.


Abstract Introduction: Medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is defined as the presence of exposed necrotic bone of the jaws in patients with a history of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drug treatment. Different stages of severity are described, with conservative treatment for stages 0 and I, and medical-surgical treatment for II-III. Aim: To describe the triggers, medical-surgical treatment options and outcomes in patients with stage II-III MRONJ. Material and Method: Retrospective, descriptive study of patients diagnosed with MRONJ stages II and III that required medical-surgical management in the UC-Christus Health Network between 2007 and 2018. Results: All patients had a history of treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates. Most of the patient follow-up records were available for analysis. Treatment consisted of surgical grooming, decortication, and sequestrectomy. A decrease in symptoms was reported with partial resolution in half of the cases, and complete closure of bone exposure in the remainder. Conclusion: We suggest that medical-surgical treatment in patients with MRONJ in stages II and III is effective in terms of reducing symptoms and controlling infection. However, it is necessary to carry out new prospective studies, with a greater number of patients and follow-up time.

11.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 96(5): 251-264, mayo 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217826

RESUMO

La coriorretinopatía serosa central (CSC) es una de las principales causas de disminución de la agudeza visual en pacientes menores de 60 años. Su fisiopatología sigue siendo parcialmente desconocida, aunque se ha postulado una hiperpermeabilidad coroidea que produce típicamente un desprendimiento neurosensorial y/o un desprendimiento del epitelio pigmentario de la retina en el polo posterior. La CSC aguda generalmente no requiere tratamiento, mientras que cuando es crónica debe ser tratada para evitar un deterioro visual. Con el desarrollo de las nuevas técnicas de imagen ha existido una mejora en el diagnóstico y se han propuesto diferentes estrategias terapéuticas. Actualmente diversos tratamientos para el manejo de la CSC crónica han demostrado ser útiles para mejorar o estabilizar la agudeza visual, la resolución del fluido subretiniano y para prevenir recurrencias. Los tratamientos más empleados en la actualidad son la terapia fotodinámica con verteporfina, el láser subumbral de micropulso, el tratamiento con antagonistas de los mineralocorticoides o los fármacos intravítreos antiangiogénicos. Pero existen otras propuestas y, además, se están desarrollando nuevos tratamientos con resultados prometedores. Esta revisión pretende ofrecer al lector una visión global de la evidencia científica actual de las diferentes opciones de tratamientos disponibles para la CSC para ayudar en la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica (AU)


Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is one of the main causes of impaired visual acuity in patients younger than 60 years. Its pathophysiology remains partially unknown, although it has been postulated that choroidal hyper-permeability may be involved. This typically produces a neurosensory retinal detachment and/or a detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium in the posterior pole. Although acute CSC generally does not require treatment, when chronic it must be treated to avoid visual impairment. With the development of new imaging techniques, there has been an improvement in diagnosis, and different therapeutic strategies have been proposed. Various treatments for the management of chronic CSC have currently been shown to be useful to improve or stabilise visual acuity, the resolution of subretinal fluid, and to prevent recurrences. The most commonly used treatments today are photodynamic therapy, micropulse subthreshold laser, mineralocorticoid antagonists, or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs. There are also other proposals and new treatments being developed, with promising results. This review aims to provide the reader with an overview of the current scientific evidence of the different treatment options available for CSC in order to help decision-making in clinical practice (AU)


Assuntos
Coriorretinopatia Serosa Central/terapia , Fotocoagulação a Laser , Fotoquimioterapia , Terapia a Laser , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica
12.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 96(5): 251-264, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32891458

RESUMO

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is one of the main causes of impaired visual acuity in patients younger than 60 years. Its pathophysiology remains partially unknown, although it has been postulated that choroidal hyper-permeability may be involved. This typically produces a neurosensory retinal detachment and/or a detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium in the posterior pole. Although acute CSC generally does not require treatment, when chronic it must be treated to avoid visual impairment. With the development of new imaging techniques, there has been an improvement in diagnosis, and different therapeutic strategies have been proposed. Various treatments for the management of chronic CSC have currently been shown to be useful to improve or stabilise visual acuity, the resolution of subretinal fluid, and to prevent recurrences. The most commonly used treatments today are photodynamic therapy, micropulse subthreshold laser, mineralocorticoid antagonists, or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs. There are also other proposals and new treatments being developed, with promising results. This review aims to provide the reader with an overview of the current scientific evidence of the different treatment options available for CSC in order to help decision-making in clinical practice.

13.
Arch Esp Urol ; 73(10): 996-1006, 2020 12.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33269718

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Over the last 30 years researchon metastatic bladder cancer has been slow and limited to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has provided high initial response rates but very few complete responses that remain overtime. Recently, European medical agency has granted approval to immunotherapy inmetastatic disease. We will review the clinical trials that drove to EMA approval as well as new promising therapies for metastatic bladder cancer. METHODS: A search on PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov through the combination of the following words in English and Spanish was performed: "carcinoma urotelial","cáncer de vejiga", "localmente avanzado","metastásico", "inmunoterapia", "CTLA-4", "PD1","PDL-1", "atezolizumab", "nivolumab", "ipilimubab", "pembrolizumab", "avelumab", "durvalumab", "tremelimumab", "terapia antiangiogénica", "terapia molecular dirigida" e "inhibidores VEGF". RESULTS: Cisplatin chemotherapy-based regimens remain standard treatment for metastatic bladder cancer as per phase III trials. Immunotherapy is available for cisplatin-ineligible patients with high PD-L1 expression,including atezolizumab or pembrolizumab. Trials comparing immunotherapy, chemotherapy or antiangiogenic drugs o targeted drugs are recruiting. CONCLUSIONS: The publication of the comparative studies on chemotherapy and immunotherapy as well as targeted therapy would provide a window of opportunity for an effective personalized treatment. Those treatment would decrease side-effects as well.


OBJETIVO: Durante los últimos 30 años las investigaciones en carcinoma vesical metastásico han estado paralizadas, limitándose el tratamiento de dicha patología al empleo de fármacos quimioterápicos, los cuales, a pesar de presentar una elevada tasa de respuesta inicial, tienen excepcionales respuestas completas y mantenidas en el tiempo. Recientemente, la Agencia Europea del Medicamento ha autorizado el empleo de fármacos inmunoterápicos para el tratamiento de esta patología en estadío metastásico. Este artículo tiene como objeto el análisis de los ensayos clínicos que permitieron dicha autorización, así como la revisión de nuevas terapias para el tratamiento del carcinoma urotelial localmente avanzado o metastásico.MÉTODO: Búsqueda bibliográfica realizada en Pub-Med y ClinicalTrials.gov mediante la combinación de las palabras clave, en español e inglés: "carcinoma urotelial", "cáncer de vejiga", "localmente avanzado","metastásico", "inmunoterapia", "CTLA-4", "PD1", "PDL-1", "atezolizumab", "nivolumab", "ipilimubab", "pembrolizumab","avelumab", "durvalumab", "tremelimumab", "terapia antiangiogénica", "terapia molecular dirigida" e "inhibidores VEGF". RESULTADOS: La poliquimioterapia a base de cisplatino sigue siendo el estándar de tratamiento para el carcinoma vesical metastásico de acuerdo con los resultados de los ensayos clínicos fase III publicados, sólo considerándose la inmunoterapia con atezolizumab o permbrolizumab electiva en aquellos pacientes no aptos para recibir cisplatino con alta expresión PDL1. Actualmente, están en curso estudios comparativos de terapias quimioterápicas frente a inmunoterapia, así como múltiples combinaciones que buscan efecto aditivo con fármacos antiangiogénicos o terapias dirigidas. CONLUSIONES: La publicación de los ensayos comparativos que se encuentran actualmente en curso, junto con los previsibles progresos en terapia dirigida, implicarán la posibilidad de abrir una esperanzadora línea de trabajo dirigida hacia una terapia efectiva y personalizada, que permita reducir los eventos adversos atribuibles al empleo de fármacos quimioterápicos.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico
14.
Rev. ADM ; 77(4): 197-202, jul.-ago. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129803

RESUMO

La osteonecrosis de los maxilares está definida como la exposición de hueso necrótico en la región maxilofacial al menos por ocho semanas en pacientes que están recibiendo medicamentos antirresortivos para el tratamiento del cáncer primario o metastásico hacia el hueso, osteoporosis o enfermedad de Paget, sin historia previa de radiación. Desde el año 2003, la terminología utilizada estaba en relación con los bifosfonatos, en la actualidad ha sido introducido el término osteonecrosis de los maxilares relacionada por medicamentos (OMAM). La cirugía oral (implantología o cirugía periapical) incrementa el riesgo de OMAM, así como los desbalances concomitantes de la salud oral (inflamación dental y formación de abscesos). Las estrategias conservadoras en el tratamiento varían desde el cuidado local conservador hasta la resección quirúrgica radical del hueso necrótico. En el presente artículo se expone un análisis sistemático retrospectivo de la literatura en páginas como PubMed, ScienceDirect y Springer, Cochrane Library. Con el objetivo de resaltar el aumento de la incidencia de OMAM a nivel mundial con el uso de antirresortivos y otros medicamentos asociados en su patogenia en el Hospital Regional «General Ignacio Zaragoza¼ del ISSSTE, UNAM, en la Ciudad de México (AU)


Osteonecrosis of the jaws is defined as the exposure of necrotic bone in the maxillofacial region for at least 8 weeks in patients receiving antiresorptive medications for the treatment of primary or metastatic cancer towards the bone, osteoporosis, or Paget's disease, without previous history of radiation. Since 2003, the terminology used was related to bisphosphonates, the term medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws has now been introduced. Oral surgery (implantology or periapical surgery) increases the risk of avascular necrosis, as well as concomitant imbalances in oral health (dental inflammation and abscess formation). Conservative strategies in treatment vary from conservative local care to radical surgical resection of the necrotic bone. In this article, a systematic retrospective analysis of the literature is presented on pages such as PubMed, Science Direct and Springer, Cochrane Library. And in which the objective is to highlight the increase in the incidence of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws worldwide with the use of antiresorptive, and other associated medications in its pathogenesis at the Hospital Regional «General Ignacio Zaragoza¼ ISSSTE, UNAM in Mexico City (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Difosfonatos/efeitos adversos , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos , Osteoporose , Neoplasias Ósseas , Inibidores da Angiogênese , Unidade Hospitalar de Odontologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Bevacizumab , Sunitinibe , México
15.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 95(10): 516-520, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32636041

RESUMO

The case is presented on an 80-year-old woman with IgA multiple myeloma (MM), who developed retinal changes similar to mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, with micro-aneurysms and intraretinal fluid. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy for MM, and with bevacizumab intravitreal injections, with control of her ocular disorder for 22 months. Anti-angiogenic therapy can be useful in the control of retinopathy secondary to MM, as long as the systemic disease has been controlled.

16.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 95(6): 279-283, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32376128

RESUMO

CLINICAL CASE: Forteen year old patient presenting progressive decrease in visual acuity of the left eye after 3 months of evolution. On examination he presents bilateral drusen of papilla, associated with juxtapapillary neovascular membrane, which seriously compromises the vision and visual field of the left eye. RESULT: Treatment with 3 consecutive injections of intravitreal ranibizumab resulted in the inactivation of the neovascular membrane with reabsorption of subretinal fluid and improvement of the best corrected visual acuity of the left eye. After 9 months of follow-up, it was 20/20 and stable. CONCLUSION: Although optic nerve head drusen are considered benign, neovascular membranes can be a complication. Anti-VEGFs are an effective alternative for treatment.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Neovascularização de Coroide/tratamento farmacológico , Drusas do Disco Óptico/tratamento farmacológico , Ranibizumab/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Neovascularização de Coroide/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Drusas do Disco Óptico/etiologia
17.
Arch Esp Urol ; 73(2): 147-154, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32124846

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Kidney cancer is around 2-3% of malignant tumours in adults. It has an important tendency to metastasize, being the most affected organs lungs, liver,brain, bone and adrenal glands. The pancreas is a rare site of kidney metastasis, with an incidence of 1-2.8%. The aim of this paper is to analyze the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the pancreatic metastasis secondary to kidney cancer. METHOD: We present a retrospective descriptive analysis of 6 cases of pancreatic metastasis of primary kidney cancer diagnosed at Cruces University Hospital since 2011.We describe the cases individually also making a global analysis of the pathology and literature review. RESULTS: Two of the patients had pancreatic and extrapancreatic metastatic lesions, being treated systemic treatment without adjacent surgery. They showed an overall worse prognosis. The rest of the patients had only pancreatic disease,rational for surgical removal of all masses without need of further adjuvant treatment. The results after surgery were encouraging, with longer overall survival, progression free survival and better quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic metastases of kidney cancer are very rare and they can appear several years after nephrectomy. Patients with history of kidney cancer should be followed for long term after surgery. When metastases are limited to the pancreas, radical surgery has longer overall survival, progression free survival and better quality of life outcomes.


OBJETIVO: El cáncer renal constituye el 2-3% de los tumores malignos del adulto y tiene una gran tendenciaa metastatizar, siendo el pulmón, hígado, cerebro, hueso y suprarrenales los órganos diana más frecuentes. Sin embargo, también puede afectar a otros órganos más inusuales,como el páncreas, con una incidencia de 1-2,8%.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la presentación, tratamiento y pronóstico de las metástasis pancreáticas de cáncer renal.MÉTODO: Se realiza un análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de 6 casos de metástasis pancreáticas de tumor primario renal diagnosticados en el Hospital Universitario Cruces desde 2011. Se presentan los casos individualmente, se realiza un análisis global y revisión de la literatura. RESULTADO: En dos pacientes se objetivaron lesiones pancreáticas y extrapancreáticas, por lo que se decidió tratamiento sistémico, presentando estos pacientes un pronóstico peor. En el resto de los pacientes no se objetivó enfermedad extrapancreática, por lo que las lesiones pancreáticas se trataron quirúrgicamente, obteniendo una mejoría importante en la supervivencia, tiempo libre de enfermedad y calidad de vida, sin necesidad de tratamiento adyuvante. CONCLUSIONES: Las metástasis pancreáticas de cáncer renal son raras y pueden aparecer muchos años después de la nefrectomía, por lo que debería realizarse seguimiento a largo plazo en los pacientes con antecedentes de tumor renal. Cuando la enfermedad metastásica está limitada al páncreas, la cirugía radical mejora la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Carcinoma de Células Renais/secundário , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Nefrectomia , Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos
18.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 107(2): 72-78, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1016110

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los conocimientos actuales sobre el manejo clínico-odontológico de pacientes que consumen medicamentos antirresortivos y medicamentos antiangiogénicos o quimioterapéuticos, en relación con la prevención y/o el tratamiento de la osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a medicamentos. Se evaluaron similitudes y diferencias entre los bifosfonatos, denosumab y medicamentos antiangiogénicos, así como el manejo clínico de pacientes, vacaciones de medicamentos y el manejo de osteonecrosis de los maxilares ya instalada. Se encontraron similitudes en la presentación clínica, la prevención, el uso de antibioticoterapia antes de procedimientos invasivos y el tratamiento de la osteonecrosis ya instalada. Entre las diferencias, podemos mencionar que el tratamiento quirúrgico respondería mejor en pacientes medicados con denosumab o antiangiogénicos, y su suspensión sería más efectiva si se iniciara un proceso de osteonecrosis, al igual que su tasa de resolución. En cuanto a las vacaciones de medicamentos, no hay datos concluyentes para guiar esta decisión, al igual que no existe un protocolo clínico de atención en pacientes que consumen denosumab o antiangiogénicos (AU)


The aim of this study is to review the currents knowledge about the clinical and dental management of patients who consume antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents or chemotherapeutic drugs, in relation to the prevention and/or treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaws related to medication. Similarities and differences between bisphosphonates, denosumab and antiangiogenic medications were evaluatted, as well as the clinical management of patients, drugs holidays and management of osteonecrosis of the jaws already setted. Similarities were found in the clinical presentation, prevention, use of antibiotic therapy before invasive procedures and the treatment of osteonecrosis already installed. Regarding the differences, we can mention that the surgical treatment would be better in patients medicated with denosumab or antiangiogenics and its suspension would be more effective if an osteonecrosis process is initiated, as well as its resolution rate. There are no conclusive data about drug holidays to guide this decision, and no clinical protocol of care in patients who consume denosumab or antiangiogenic agents (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Inibidores da Angiogênese , Difosfonatos/efeitos adversos , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/complicações , Denosumab/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/prevenção & controle , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/tratamento farmacológico
19.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 94(1): 41-44, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30337096

RESUMO

A 55 year-old female patient with unilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN) developed macular oedema (MO) after the resolution of her necrosis. The macular oedema (MO) was managed and controlled for four years with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Anti-VEGF therapy could be useful for the treatment of MO secondary to ARN, the same as for treating MO resulting from panuveitis, where its efficacy has been already demonstrated.


Assuntos
Edema Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Necrose Retiniana Aguda/complicações , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Aciclovir/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Edema Macular/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ranibizumab/uso terapêutico , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Necrose Retiniana Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem
20.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 31(1): 90-99, ene.-mar. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-73358

RESUMO

Con este trabajo nos proponemos revisar las evidencias científicas relacionadas con el tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética. Para la investigación documental se examinaron los artículos de la temática indexados en las bases de datos Pubmed, Pubmed Central y Scielo, que correspondieron a los descriptores DeCs-MeSH: retinopatía diabética y tratamiento actual. La evaluación de los datos se realizó mediante el análisis de contenido de tipo directo. El progreso de la retinopatía diabética va desde los estados más benignos hasta los más severos cuando no se aplica una intervención médica apropiada. Es importante reconocer cada estado de la retinopatía diabética para que el tratamiento sea más efectivo. Varias décadas de estudios clínicos han proporcionado excelentes datos sobre el curso natural de la enfermedad y la estrategia de tratamiento que son efectivas en alrededor de un 90 por ciento para prevenir la pérdida visual severa(AU)


The purpose of the study was to present scientific evidence associated with the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Document analysis was conducted based on examination of papers about the topic indexed in the databases PubMed, PubMed Central and SciELO, using the DeCs-MeSH terms 'diabetic retinopathy' and 'current treatment'. Data were evaluated with the method of direct content analysis. Diabetic retinopathy evolves from its most benign stages to the severest when appropriate medical action is not taken. It is important to identify each stage of diabetic retinopathy and apply the most effective treatment. Several decades of clinical studies have provided excellent data about the natural course of the disease, as well as about treatment strategies which are effective in around 90 percent of the cases to prevent severe visual loss(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Fotocoagulação a Laser/efeitos adversos , Retinopatia Diabética/terapia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Resultado do Tratamento
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