Antimutagenic Activity as a Criterion of Potential Probiotic Properties.

The antimutagenic activity of probiotic strains has been reported over several decades of studying the effects of probiotics. However, this activity is rarely considered an important criterion when choosing strains to produce probiotic preparations and functional food. Meanwhile, the association of antimutagenic activity with the prevention of oncological diseases, as well as with a decrease in the spread of resistant forms in the microbiota, indicates its importance for the selection of probiotics. Besides, an antimutagenic activity can be associated with probiotics' broader systemic effects, such as geroprotective activity. The main mechanisms of such effects are considered to be the binding of mutagens, the transformation of mutagens, and inhibition of the transformation of promutagens into antimutagens. Besides, we should consider the possibility of interaction of the microbiota with regulatory processes in eukaryotic cells, in particular, through the effect on mitochondria. This work aims to systematize data on the antimutagenic activity of probiotics and emphasize antimutagenic activity as a significant criterion for the selection of probiotic strains.

Efecto antigenotóxico de las semillas de Salvia hispanica "chia" utilizando la prueba de Allium cepa / Antigenotoxic effect of Salvia hispanica "chia" seeds using the Allium cepa test

Objetivo: El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto antigenotóxico de las semillas de Salvia hispanica expuestas al efecto genotóxico de la azida de sodio utilizando la prueba de Allium cepa. Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental, las unidades de análisis fueron células meristemáticas de 40 bulbos de Allium cepa. Se dispuso 5 grupos de trabajo: control negativo, control positivo, pretratamiento, simultáneo y postratamiento, además de dos concentraciones (10% y 20%). Las raíces se expusieron a los tratamientos por un total de 48 horas. Resultados: Se observó una disminución significativa del índice mitótico (IM) del control negativo (23,7) respecto al control positivo (3,4) confirmando la acción genotóxica de la azida de sodio. En el grupo pretratamiento, la reducción de daño (RD%) fue de -151,2% y -59,2% señalando su nulo papel desmutagénico. En el grupo postratamiento y simultáneo, la RD% fue de 37,6%, 67,2% y 59,2%, 64,8% respectivamente para ambas concentraciones indicando su actividad bioantimutagénica dependiente de la concentración. Sin embargo, a las concentraciones evaluadas no se halló significancia estadística. Conclusión: Las semillas de Salvia hispanica expuestas al efecto genotóxico de la azida de sodio utilizando la prueba de Allium cepa no tienen un efecto antigenotóxico a las concentraciones de 10% y 20%.

Objective: The objective was to assess the antigenotoxic effect of Salvia hispanica seeds exposed to the genotoxic effect of sodium azide using the Allium cepa test. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study. The analyzed units were meristem cells from forty Allium cepa bulbs Five working groups were available: negative controls, positive controls, pre-treatment, simultaneous, and post-treatment, and two concentrations (10% and 20%) were used. Bulbs were exposed to treatment for a total 48-hour time. Results: A significant reduction in the mitotic index (MI) of negative controls (23.7) was observed, compared to positive controls (3.4), confirming the genotoxic action of sodium azide. In the pre-treatment group, damage reduction values (DR%) were -151.2% and -59.2%, indicating their absent demutagenic role. In both posttreatment and simultaneous groups, DR% values were 37.6 %, 67.2 %, 59.2 %, and 64.8 % for both concentrations, respectively, indicating their concentration-dependent bioantimutagenic activity. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the concentrations tested. Conclusion: Salvia hispanica seeds exposed to the genotoxic effect of sodium azide using the Allium cepa test have no antigenotoxic effect at 10% and 20% concentrations.