Anxiety Symptoms Influence Food Consumption Differently Depending on Nutritional Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study with University Students.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety symptoms are factors that directly affect eating habits, but this interference can be heterogeneous depending on the nutritional status of the individuals. OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether the presence of anxiety symptoms at the beginning of the pandemic influenced the change in food consumption according to its purpose and extent of processing during a one-year follow-up and whether this association occurs equally with excess weight and without excess weight university students. METHODS: This longitudinal study was carried out with 583 university students from a public Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Brazil. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to verify whether anxiety symptoms were associated with changes in food consumption over time. RESULTS: The results showed that previous moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with an increased frequency of consumption of both fresh or minimally processed foods (ß: 0.2 95%CI: 0.1; 0.7 p = 0.013) and ultra-processed foods (ß: 5.6 95%CI: 1.8; 17.7 p = 0.003), but with different magnitudes. In university students who were not excess weight, previous moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with a reduction in the frequency of consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods (ß: -2.0 95%CI: -3.5; -0.5 p = 0.008), while in those who were excess weight, there was an increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods (ß: 4.5 95%CI: 2.2; 6.8 p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the influence of anxiety symptoms on food consumption according to the extent and purpose of processing. In addition, these results emphasize the role of psychological distress in the university population, and that this factor can affect excess weight and without excess weight individuals differently.

Associations between social network addiction, anxiety symptoms, and risk of metabolic syndrome in Peruvian adolescents-a cross-sectional study.

Background: The link between physical and mental health and screen time in adolescents has been the subject of scientific scrutiny in recent years. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the association between social network addiction (SNA) and metabolic risk in this population. Objective: This study determined the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, who completed a Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2), between September and November 2022. A total of 903 participants were included in the study using a non-probability convenience sample. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were also collected. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with MetS in a cross-sectional analysis. Results: Males were more likely to have MetS than females (OR = 1.133, p = 0.028). Participants who were 16 years of age or older and those with excess body weight were 2.166, p = 0.013 and 19.414, p < 0.001 times more likely to have MetS, respectively. Additionally, SNA (OR = 1.517, p = 0.016) and the presence of anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.596, p < 0.001) were associated with MetS. Conclusion: Our findings suggest associations between SNA, anxiety symptoms, and MetS among youth. However, more studies are needed to better understand this association and to deepen the possible clinical and public health implications.

Factors associated with the presence of fear of contagion and burnout syndrome in nursing personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing personnel presented a higher prevalence of fear of contagion, anxiety symptoms, depression, and burnout syndrome. However, the variables associated with these conditions in Mexico are unknown. Objective: To determine the clinical, sociodemographic, and psychological variables associated with fear of contracting COVID-19 and burnout syndrome in nursing personnel. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional correlational study. It included 423 Mexican nursing professionals, working in public and private institutions, of different specialties aged 18-61 years (M = 36 years), the sampling was non-probabilistic by convenience. The instruments used were: COVID-19 fear scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyse the results. Results: The factors associated with fear of contagion were anxiety symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR]: 7.806, p < 0.05), caring for patients with COVID-19 (OR: 5.460, p < 0.05, 0.001) and mild emotional exhaustion (OR: 5.181, p < 0.05). The syndrome dimensions were: depressive symptoms (OR: 12.062; 7.667, p < 0.05), fear of contagion (OR: 4.978; 4.913; 4.921; 4.921, p < 0.01), marital status (OR: 3.404; 3.219, p < 0.05) and young age (OR: 1.064; 1.084, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The factors associated with fear of contagion and burnout syndrome found were having clinical psychological symptoms, as well as being young, being single, being married and being in the health system caring for patients with COVID-19.

Life satisfaction, positive affect, depression and anxiety symptoms, and their relationship with sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables in a general elderly population sample from Chile.

Background: This study aims to describe the relationship between life satisfaction, positive affect, depression and anxiety symptoms with sociodemographic, psychosocial and clinical variables, and to identify the relative importance of these predictor groups. Methods: We evaluated life satisfaction (SWLS), positive affect (PANAS), depressive (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAI) symptoms and their association with sociodemographic, psychosocial and clinical variables in a multistage, random general population sample of fully functioning individuals aged 60-80 years from the Concepción province and Gran Santiago, Chile (n = 396). We performed weighted multiple regression analysis, considering the complex sample structure with age group, sex, and geographical area, complemented with general and conditional dominance analyses to estimate the relevance of the predictor groups. Results: We found significant associations with the geographical area, sex, age, education level, household members, having a partner, employment status, caregiver status, economic satisfaction, presence of chronic diseases, medication use, and alcohol use. Satisfaction with health was the most important predictor for positive affect (p < 0.001), depressive (p < 0.001), and anxiety (p < 0.001) symptoms, while alcohol use was the most significant predictor for life satisfaction (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Simultaneously studying the positive and negative dimensions of wellbeing and mental health in older adults allows for a more comprehensive perspective on the challenges faced during this stage of life. This study accounts for previously unknown associations and contributes to the identification of common and specific predictors in both dimensions.

Associação entre ansiedade e depressão em brasileiros durante o isolamento social da pandemia de covid-19 / Association between anxiety and depression in brazilians during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic / Asociación entre ansiedad y depresión en brasileños durante el aislamiento social por la pandemia del COVID-19

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a associação entre ansiedade e depressão durante o isolamento social da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil. Dados de 1.053 adultos brasileiros entre 18 e 59 anos foram coletados por meio de questionário online, entre abril e maio de 2020, para este estudo transversal. Foi utilizada a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão, e foram analisados fatores sociodemográficos e econômicos. Houve 37% e 20% de risco moderado e alto de ansiedade, respectivamente. Foi observada uma relação direta entre ansiedade e ser do sexo feminino (OR: 1,55; IC95%: 1,02-2,34), ser mais jovem (OR: 4,78; IC95%: 2,71-8,42, para pessoas entre 18-28 anos) e ter rendimentos mais baixos (OR: 1,51; IC95%: 1,69-1,96). Os resultados foram na mesma direção para a depressão, e, adicionalmente, foi demonstrada associação entre isolamento social (parcial ou total) e depressão (OR: 1,42; IC95%: 1,01-2,01). Este estudo encontrou uma associação entre mulheres, populações mais jovens e indivíduos de menor renda e o risco de sofrer ansiedade e depressão durante o confinamento decretado devido à pandemia de covid-19. Além disso, o isolamento social foi associado ao risco de depressão.

The aim of this study is to analyze the association between anxiety and depression during the social isolation for COVID-19 in Brazil. Data of 1,053 Brazilian adults between 18 and 59 years old were gathered by an online questionnaire, between April and May 2020, for this cross-sectional study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used and sociodemographic and economic factors were analyzed. There was a 37% and 20% of moderate and high risk of anxiety, respectively. A direct relationship was observed between anxiety and being female (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.02-2.34), younger (OR: 4.78; 95% CI: 2.71-8.42, for people between 18-28 years old), and having lower incomes (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.69-1.96). Results were in the same vein for depression and, additionally, an association between social isolation (partial or total) and depression was shown (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.01-2.01). This study reported an association between women, younger populations, and subjects with lower incomes and the risk of suffering anxiety and depression during the confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, social isolation was associated with risk of depression.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la asociación entre ansiedad y depresión durante el aislamiento social por la pandemia del COVID-19 en Brasil. Se recolectaron datos de 1.053 adultos brasileños, de entre 18 y 59 años de edad, mediante un cuestionario en línea, entre abril y mayo de 2020, para este estudio transversal. Se utilizó la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria, y se analizaron factores sociodemográficos y económicos. Hubo el 37% de riesgo moderado de ansiedad y el 20% de riesgo alto. Se observó una relación directa entre la ansiedad y ser mujer (OR: 1,55; IC 95%: 1,02-2,34), ser más joven (OR: 4,78; IC 95%: 2,71-8,42 para personas de entre 18 y 28 años) y tener menores ingresos (OR: 1,51; IC 95%: 1,69-1,96). Los resultados fueron los mismos para la depresión y, además, se demostró una asociación entre el aislamiento social (parcial o total) y la depresión (OR: 1,42; IC 95%: 1,01-2,01). Este estudio encontró una asociación entre ser mujer, poblaciones más jóvenes y personas de bajos ingresos con el riesgo de experimentar ansiedad y depresión durante el confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19. Además, el aislamiento social se asoció con el riesgo de depresión.

Cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência: um estudo exploratório randomizado utilizando a Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso em grupo / Family caregivers of people with dementia: an exploratory randomized study using Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Introdução: Estima-se que a prevalência de sintomas ansiosos em cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência é igual ou maior do que a prevalência de sintomas depressivos, embora a ansiedade tenha sido pouco explorada na literatura voltada para este público. Estudos têm demonstrado que a Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso (ACT) pode ser utilizada com cuidadores familiares, com efeitos positivos sobre sintomas ansiosos. Entretanto, a ACT ainda não foi avaliada no formato em grupo e tampouco em países em desenvolvimento para este público. Objetivos: O trabalho foi subdividido em dois estudos. O objetivo do Estudo 1 foi revisar a literatura através de uma meta-análise e avaliar quantitativamente a eficácia da ACT em grupo, presencialmente, nos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão de adultos com 18 anos ou mais. O objetivo do Estudo 2 foi adaptar e avaliar os efeitos da ACT, em grupo, nos sintomas de ansiedade de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência. Método: No Estudo 1, quatro bases de dados foram pesquisadas em agosto/2018 e uma busca atualizada foi realizada em novembro/2021. Foram incluídos 48 estudos clínicos randomizados (3292 participantes: ansiedade = 34 ECRs; depressão = 40 ECRs). O Estudo 2, é um estudo exploratório randomizado, realizado em um único centro, não-cego. Cinquenta e sete cuidadores familiares de pessoas com demência foram randomizados para o grupo intervenção (n = 29) ou lista de espera (n = 28). O grupo intervenção participou de oito sessões de ACT em grupo, realizadas por vídeo conferência, semanalmente. Os participantes responderam aos questionários de avaliação de ansiedade, depressão, flexibilidade psicológica, qualidade de vida e sobrecarga, em três momentos diferentes: semanas 0, 9 e 20. Análises de regressão múltipla foram realizadas para comparar os escores dos participantes do grupo intervenção e controle, na semana 9 e 20. Os escores da linha de base foram usados como controle nas análises de intenção de tratamento (ITT) e dos participantes que participaram em pelo menos seis sessões de intervenção. Resultados: No Estudo 1 o tamanho de efeito para sintomas ansiosos foi de médio a grande (g=0,52, p < 0,001; 95% IC=0,30 ­ 0,73), já o tamanho de efeito para sintomas depressivos foi de pequeno a médio (g=0,47, p < 0,001; 95% IC=0,31 ­ 0,64). A amostra do Estudo 2 foi composta em sua maioria mulheres, de baixo a médio nível socioeconômico, com uma idade média de 52 anos e mediana de escolaridade de 15 anos. Participantes do grupo intervenção apresentaram pontuações mais baixas para sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, comparados com participantes do grupo controle. Este resultado foi encontrado nas semanas 9 e 20, tanto na análise de ITT, quanto na análise daqueles que completaram seis sessões ou mais. Apenas os participantes que participaram de pelo menos seis sessões, apresentaram redução da sobrecarga nas semanas 9 e 20, além de apresentarem melhora na qualidade de vida na semana 9. Os resultados não indicaram efeitos da intervenção na flexibilidade psicológica. Conclusão: Este estudo oferece evidências a favor da utilização da ACT em grupo, com familiares de pessoas com demência, auxiliando na redução dos sintomas ansiosos e depressivos.

Background: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms is estimated to be equal to or higher than the prevalence of depressive symptoms in family carers of people with dementia. However, anxiety is currently somehow neglected in the carer literature. Previous studies demonstrated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is effective for treating anxiety symptoms in family carers of people with dementia, but the vast majority of these studies were conducted in developed countries. Objectives: The thesis was divided into two studies. Study 1 was a meta-analysis which aimed to quantitatively examine the efficacy of group-based ACT, delivered face-to-face, on anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults aged 18 or older. The Study 2 adapted and investigated the effectiveness of an ACT group intervention on the anxiety symptoms in Brazilian family carers of people with dementia. Method: In Study 1, four electronic databases were searched in August, 2018 and an update search was conducted in November, 2021. Forty-eight randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review (3292 participants: anxiety = 34 RCTs, depression = 40 RCTs). Study 2 was a single-centre, unblinded, double-arm exploratory randomised trial. Fifty-seven family carers of people with dementia presenting with mild to severe anxiety symptoms were randomised to the intervention group (n = 29) or waiting list group (n = 28). The intervention group received eight weekly sessions of group ACT, delivered through videoconference. Participants completed the measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms, caregiver burden, psychological flexibility and quality of life at Weeks 0, 9 and 20. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate whether there was a significant difference in scores between the intervention and control groups, at weeks 9 and 20, while controlling for the baseline scores using both intention-to-treat (ITT) and completers data analyses. Results: In Study 1 the overall effect size for anxiety symptoms was medium-to-large (g = 0.52, p < 0.001; 95% CI =0.30­0.73), while the overall effect size was small-to-medium for depressive symptoms (g = 0.47, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.31­0.64). In Study 2 Participants were mostly women, from low- to middle-income socioeconomic levels, with a mean age of 52 years and median education of 15 years. Participants in the intervention group had lower scores of anxiety and depression symptoms compared to participants in the control condition at weeks 9 and 20 in both the ITT and completer analyses. Only participants who attended six or more sessions (i.e., completer sample) demonstrated reduced caregiver burden at both follow-up points. The completer sample also showed improvement in quality of life at week 9. The results did not show any effect of the intervention on psychological flexibility. Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the use of group ACT, delivered through videoconference, with family carers of people with dementia to help them cope better with anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em idosos na atenção primária à saúde em Maceió ­ AL / Anxiety and depression symptoms in older adults in Primary Health Care in Maceió ­ AL

Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em idosos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e não probabilístico realizado com 171 idosos com idade entre 60-94 anos atendidos em unidade de saúde atenção primária. Os idosos responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI).Resultados: Os resultados demonstram uma alta prevalência de indivíduos do sexo feminino 72,5%. Além disso, identificou-se que idosos com idade entre 60-69 anos e baixa escolaridade apresentam maiores "sintomas depressivos". Os fatores "ser divorciado" e "baixa escolaridade" foram associados a "sintomas ansiosos" nos idosos. Conclusão: Os fatores sociodemográficos têm demonstrado bastante influência na ocorrência dos sintomas depressivos e ansiosos entre a população idosa. [au]

Objective: To analyze the occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms in older adults treated in Primary Health Care. Method: This is a cross-sectional and non-probabilistic study carried out with 171 older adults aged 60-94 years old treated in a Primary Health Care unit. The aged individuals answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Results: The results show high prevalence of the symptoms in females (72.5%). In addition to that, it was identified that older adults aged 60-69 years old and with low schooling levels present higher levels of "depression symptoms". "Being divorced" and "low schooling" were factors associated with "anxiety symptoms" in older adults. Conclusion: The sociodemographic factors have proved to be quite influential in the occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms among older adults [au]

Association between Anxiety and Sleepiness in Medical Students of the University of Guadalajara (Mexico) / Asociación entre ansiedad y somnolencia diurna en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Guadalajara (México) / Associação entre ansiedade e sonolência diurna em estudantes de medicina da Universidade de Guadalajara (México)

Introduction: Medical students could potentially be considered as a vulnerable group in terms of increased risk for anxiety and sleep disorders. This could be caused by high academic demands, and high levels of stress. There is little information, however, when it comes to the relationship between anxiety and exces-sive daytime sleepiness among medical students, and the potentially negative effects this relationship could have upon student health and academic performance. The objective was to identify the association between anxiety and excessive daytime sleepiness in medical students of the University of Guadalajara (Mexico). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, evaluating 173 students between January and April of 2019. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used for the determination of excessive day-time sleepiness, while the anxiety symptoms were measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. According to the cut-off points for the Epworth scales, the cut-off point was from 10 and for the Beck anxiety inventory it was 8. Chi square and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. A value of p<0.05 was consid-ered statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the students when comparing the presence and absence of excessive daytime sleepiness and anxiety with a value of p = 0.036 and Odds Ratio of 2.161. Conclusion: A high prevalence of anxiety and insomnia was found in the group of medical students which was evaluated. Additionally, it was found that students who suffer from anxiety are more likely to develop excessive daytime sleepiness

Introducción: los estudiantes de medicina pueden ser considerados un grupo vulnerable para presentar ansiedad y trastornos del sueño, debido a las altas exigencias académicas y al estrés; sin embargo, se cuenta con pocos datos sobre la relación entre la ansiedad y la somnolencia en estudiantes de medicina, relación que podría generar complicaciones tanto académicas como de salud. El objetivo fue la asociación entre ansiedad y somnolencia excesiva diurna en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Guadalajara (México). Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal con 173 estudiantes entre enero y abril del 2019. Para la determinación de somnolencia excesiva diurna se aplicó la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth (punto de corte = 10), mientras que para evaluar los síntomas de ansiedad excesiva se utilizó el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (punto de corte = 8). Se emplearon chi cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher para el análisis estadístico. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los estudiantes al comparar la presencia y la ausencia de somnolencia y ansiedad con un valor de p = 0.036 y un odds ratio de 2.161. Conclusión: hay una alta prevalencia de ansiedad e insomnio en los estudiantes de medicina evaluados, y aquellos con ansiedad tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar somnolencia excesiva diurna

Introdução: estudantes de medicina podem ser potencialmente considerados um grupo vulnerável em ter-mos de risco aumentado para ansiedade e distúrbios do sono. Isso pode ser causado por altas demandas acadêmicas e altos níveis de estresse. No entanto, há poucas informações sobre a relação entre ansiedade e sonolência diurna excessiva entre estudantes de medicina e os efeitos potencialmente negativos que essa relação pode ter sobre a saúde e o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos. O objetivo foi identificar a associação entre ansiedade e sonolência diurna excessiva em estudantes de medicina da Universidade de Guadalajara (Mêxico). Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal, avaliando 173 alunos entre janeiro e abril de 2019. A Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ponto de corte = 10) foi utilizada para a determina-ção da sonolência diurna excessiva, enquanto os sintomas de ansiedade foram medidos por meio do Inventário de Ansiedad de Beck (ponto de corte = 8). Qui-quadrado e prova exata Fisher foram usados para análise estatística. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados:foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os alunos ao comparar a presença e ausência de sonolência diurna excessiva e ansiedade com um valor de p = 0,036 e um Odds Ratio de 2,16. Conclusão: foi encontrada alta prevalência de ansiedade e insônia no grupo de estudantes de medicina avaliados. Além disso, verificou-se que os alunos que sofrem de ansiedade têm maior probabilidade de desenvolver sonolência diurna excessiva

Ansiedad, Depresión y Adaptación Psicosocial en Pacientes Adultos con DM tipo 2 / Anxiety, Depression and Psychosocial Adaptation in Adult Patients with type 2 DM

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la presencia de síntomas de ansiedad, síntomas depresivos y la adaptación psicosocial a la enfermedad en personas con diagnóstico de DM2 que acuden a una unidad de primer nivel de atención en Tabasco, México. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional; muestra integrada por 103 adultos de 20 a 60 años, con diagnóstico de DMT2. Muestreo por conveniencia. Resultados: 32% presentó síntomas de ansiedad moderada y 68% síntomas leves; 90.3% refirió síntomas depresivos. Se halló una correlación negativa significativa entre síntomas de ansiedad y cuidado de la salud (p=<0.000) que sugiere entre más síntomas de ansiedad peor adaptación. Síntomas de ansiedad y ambiente laboral mostraron una correlación negativa y significativa (p=0.000), que sugiere peor adaptación a más síntomas ansiedad. En contraste, la correlación entre síntomas de depresión y ambiente laboral, mostró relación positiva y significativa (0.530, p=<0.000) que indica entre más síntomas de depresión peor es la adaptación. Conclusiones: Los participantes mostraron síntomas de ansiedad entre leve y moderada, alto porcentaje mostró síntomas de depresión moderada y alta. Los síntomas de ansiedad y cuidado de salud, mostraron correlación negativa, síntomas de depresión y ambiente laboral se correlacionaron de forma positiva. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones para los proveedores de cuidado de personas con DM2.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the relationship between the presence of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and psychosocial adaptation in people with a diagnosis of DM2 who attend a first level care unit in Tabasco, Mexico. Material and Methods: descriptive correlational study; sample made up of 103 adults between 20 and 60 years old, diagnosed with T2DM. Sampling for convenience. Results: 32% had moderate anxiety symptoms and 68% mild symptoms; 90.3% referred depressive symptoms. A significant negative correlation was found between anxiety symptoms and health care (p = <.000) that suggests the more anxiety symptoms the worse the adaptation. Symptoms of anxiety and work environment showed a negative and significant correlation (p = .000), which suggests worse adaptation to more anxiety symptoms, In contrast, the correlation between symptoms of depression and work environment, showed a positive and significant relationship (.530, p = <.000) which indicates the more depression symptoms the worse the adaptation. Conclusions: participants showed symptoms of anxiety between mild and moderate, a high percentage showed symptoms of moderate and high depression. Symptoms of anxiety and health care showed a negative correlation, symptoms of depression and work environment were positively correlated. These results have implications for caregivers of people with DM2

[Association of COVID-19 dissemination with symptoms of anxiety and depression among university students]. / Asociación de la diseminación del COVID-19 con síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes universitarios.

BACKGROUND: Evidence about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of specific subpopulations- such as university students-is needed as communities prepare for future waves. AIMS: To study the association of proximity of COVID-19 with symptoms of anxiety and depression in university students. METHODS: This trend study analyzed weekly cross-sectional surveys of probabilistic samples of students from the University of British Columbia for 13 weeks through the first wave of COVID-19. The main variable assessed was propinquity of COVID-19, defined as "knowing someone who tested positive for COVID-19", which was specified at different levels: knowing someone anywhere globally, in Canada, in Vancouver, in their course, or at home. Proximity was included in multivariable linear regressions to assess its association with primary outcomes, including 30-day symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. RESULTS: Of 1,388 respondents (adjusted response rate=50%), 5.6% knew someone with COVID-19 in Vancouver, 0.8% in their course, and 0.3% at home. Ten percent were overwhelmed and unable to access help. Knowing someone in Vancouver was associated with an 11 percentage-point increase in the probability of 30-day anxiety symptoms (SE=0,05; p≤0,05), moderated by gender, with a significant interaction of the exposure and being female (coefficient= 20(SE=0,09), p≤0,05). No association was found with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Propinquity of COVID-19 cases may increase the likelihood of anxiety symptoms in students, particularly amongst men. Most students report coping well, but additional supports are needed for an emotionally overwhelmed minority who report being unable to access help.

Association Between Socio-Affective Symptoms and Glutathione and CD4 and CD8 Lymphocytes in College Students.

Background: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in young students is associated with biosocial factors and scholastic stress. However, few studies have evaluated emotional-affective symptoms that are related to the immune system and antioxidant parameters in young individuals without diagnoses of affective disorders. Aim: This study aims to assess the relationship between emotional-affective symptoms and glutathione concentrations and CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts in college students. Methods: College students (n = 177) completed standardized psychometric instruments, including the Perceived Stress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Familiar Social and Friends Support Scale, and Rosenberg Scale. Blood samples were biochemically analyzed. Analyses of variance were conducted between four groups according to symptom severity. Results: A considerable prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms was observed and negatively correlated with self-esteem and socio-familiar support. Perceived stress was sexually dimorphic. Although biochemical parameters were within reference ranges, glutathione, CD4, and CD8 tended to be lower in participants with anxiety and depression symptoms, which may be of predictive value. Conclusion: The relationship between antioxidant/immune parameters and socio-affective scores is latent in undiagnosed college students who might develop affective disorders. The findings suggest that during the initial development of affective disorders, stress management strategies should be implemented to help college students cope with the academic load and monitor negative changes in their physiological state.

Perinatal Anxiety Symptoms: Rates and Risk Factors in Mexican Women.

Anxiety during pregnancy and after childbirth can have negative consequences for a woman and her baby. Despite growing interest in the perinatal mental health of Mexican women living in the U.S., perinatal anxiety symptom (PAS) rates and risk factors have yet to be established for women in Mexico. We sought to determine PAS rates and identify risk factors, including the traditional female role (TFR) in a sample of Mexican women. This secondary data analysis is based on 234 Mexican women who participated in a longitudinal study on perinatal depression in Mexico. Anxiety symptoms were assessed in pregnancy and at six weeks postpartum. Rates were determined through frequencies, and multiple logistics regressions were conducted to identify risk factors in the sample. The PAS rate was 21% in pregnancy and 18% postpartum. Stressful life events and depressive symptoms were associated with a higher probability of PAS. Adherence to TFR increased the probability of prenatal anxiety; lower educational attainment and low social support during pregnancy increased the probability of postpartum anxiety. The PAS rates were within the range reported in the literature. The TFR was only associated with anxiety in gestation, highlighting the role of this culturally relevant risk factor. Culturally responsive early interventions are therefore required.

Psychopathological Comorbid Symptoms in Animal Hoarding Disorder.

The main goal of this research is to describe the psychopathological symptoms comorbid to animal hoarding disorder. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of a 33 individuals sample diagnosed with animal hoarding disorder. For data collection, a Sociodemographic Data questionnaire and a Semi-Structured Clinical Interview were used, based on the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure. The sample consisted of 24 women (72.7%) and 9 men (27.30%), with a prevalence of 64% of the elderly. The mean number of self-reported animals per residence was 41.12 (DP = 24.41), totaling 1357 animals: 915 (68%) dogs, 382 (28%) cats, and 50 (4%) ducks. The results indicated animal hoarding disorder the comorbid psychopathological symptoms of depression (36%), anxiety (36%), memory deficits (27%), mania (21%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (18%). The analyses revealed a higher occurrence of these symptoms among participants who had hoarded animals for over 20 years.

Pilot Study Exploring Migration Experiences and Perinatal Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Immigrant Latinas.

INTRODUCTION: Migration-related experiences can increase Latinas' risk of perinatal depression and anxiety. Few studies have investigated these associations among Latinas due to a lack of survey instruments explicitly assessing migration experiences. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the Migration Experiences Survey (MES), a newly-developed measure of migration and deportation fears and explored associations between those experiences and mental health in a sample of immigrant Latinas in the perinatal period. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited women from community health clinics in Chapel Hill, NC between July 2013 and 2014. Twenty-five immigrant women were enrolled in the study during their third trimester of pregnancy. Women were interviewed in English or Spanish during pregnancy and at 8 weeks postpartum. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to determine anxiety symptoms. The MES was administered at 8 weeks postpartum. Nonparametric tests were conducted to determine associations between deportation fears and maternal mood. RESULTS: Results show that the MES is acceptable for collecting data on migration experiences and assessing deportation fears among immigrant Latinas, regardless of depressive or anxiety symptoms. More than 40% had migration safety concerns and fears of deportation. Self or family-related fears of deportation were significantly associated with prenatal state anxiety and trait anxiety (p < .05). No significant associations between deportation fears and depressive symptoms were observed. DISCUSSION: The MES is a useful tool for gathering information about migration experiences associated with perinatal anxiety.

Sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade e de estresse em habitantes de munícipio realocado por barragem / Depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress in population in municipality reallocated by dam / Síntomas depresivos, ansiedad y el estrés de la población en el municipio de reubicado por presa

O aumento da necessidade de energia elétrica faz com que a instalação de usinas hidrelétricas seja um investimento importante; entretanto, os impactos ambientais e humanos decorrentes da instalação de barragens precisam ser apropriadamente avaliados. Buscou-se investigar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade e de estresse de uma população que passou pelo processo de realocação devido à construção de uma barragem para usina hidrelétrica (n=50) em comparação com um município onde não houve este processo (n=50). Foi identificado que, vinte anos após a instalação da barragem e realocação do município, os escores de sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade e de estresse estão na faixa da população não clínica, e foram mais elevados no município de comparação do que no município onde a barragem foi instalada. Estudos sobre a instalação de barragens e realocação humana precisam considerar, além dos impactos ambientais, seus reflexos sobre a saúde mental das pessoas.

The increased need for electricity, especially with less environmental impact, makes the installation of hydroelectric plants an essential alternative. However, environmental and human impacts of the dam installation need to be evaluated in depth. We had investigated the prevalence of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms of a population that has passed by the relocation process due to construction of a dam for hydroelectric power plant (n=50) compared to another county which had not been passed by this process (n=50). It was identified that scores of depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress are in the range of non-clinical population twenty years after the relocation of the city, and were higher in the county where the dam was not installed. Studies on the impact of the installation of dams and human allocation need to consider the assessment of depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress to identify possible impacts on the mental health.

La mayor necesidad de energía eléctrica hace que la instalación de centrales hidroeléctricas es una inversión importante; Sin embargo, los impactos ambientales y humanos derivados de la instalación de presas deben ser evaluados correctamente. Hemos tratado de investigar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos, ansiedad y el estrés de una población que pasa el proceso de reubicación debido a la construcción de una presa para hidroeléctricas (n=50) en comparación con un municipio donde no había este processo (n=50). Se identificó que veinte años después de la instalación de la presa y la reubicación de la ciudad, las puntuaciones de los síntomas de depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés están en el rango de la población no clínica, y fueron mayores en el municipio de la comparación. Los estudios sobre la instalación de presas y reubicación humana deben tener en cuenta, además de los impactos ambientales, sus efectos sobre la salud mental.

Padrão de uso de internet por adolescentes e sua relação com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade / Adolescent internet patterns use and depressive and anxiety symptoms / El uso de los patrones de Internet de los adolescentes y los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad

A dependência de internet é uma condição que se caracteriza por apresentar fatores físicos e psicológicos, e usualmente apresenta comorbidade. Os adolescentes, por sua vez, são o grupo etário mais suscetível para apresentar sintomas de dependência de internet. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o padrão de uso de internet e sua relação com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade em adolescentes, tendo sido aplicados o Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Escala de Rastreamento Populacional para Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos (CES-D), Inventário de Ansiedade Traço (IDATE) e o Levantamento de Intensidade de Sintomas Depressivos (LIS-D) numa amostra de 150 adolescentes. Foi possível identificar que a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade ficou dentro da faixa não-clínica; contudo, 61,33 % (n=92) dos adolescentes apresentaram risco de dependência. A análise de variância das faixas do IAT identificou diferenças de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade; contudo, não foram identificadas correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas entre os escores do IAT e os sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade. É fundamental investigar o padrão de uso de internet no adolescente e a presença ou não de comorbidade, para que seja possível encaminhar precocemente o adolescente para acompanhamento psicológico.(AU)

Internet addiction is a condition characterized by physical and psychological factors, and usually presents comorbidity. Teenagers are the most likely age group to experience symptoms of Internet addiction. This study aims to investigate the pattern of Internet use and its relationship to symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Population Screening Scale for Depression Epidemiological Studies Center (CES- D), Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Depressive Symptoms Intensity Survey (LIS-D) were applied to a sample of 150 adolescents. It was observed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was within the non-clinical range; however, addiction was identified in 61,33% (n=92) of the adolescents. Variance analysis of IAT tracks identified differences in depression symptoms and anxiety; however, there were no statistically significant positive correlations between the scores of IAT and depression and anxiety symptoms. It is essential to investigate the pattern of Internet use in adolescents and the presence or absence of comorbidity, so that teenagers can be sent early on to counseling.(AU)

La dependencia a internet es una condición que se caracteriza por presentar factores psíquicos y físicos, y normalmente presenta comorbilidad. A su vez los adolescentes son un grupo etario más susceptible para presentar síntomas de dependencia a internet. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el uso patrón de internet y su relación con los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos en adolescentes, a través del Test de Adicción a Internet (IAT), Escala de Rastreo Poblacional para Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D), Inventario de Rasgos de Ansiedad (IDATE) y el Inventario de Intensidad de Síntomas de Depresión (LIS-D), con una muestra de 150 adolescentes. Fue posible identificar que la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad se mantuvo dentro de la línea no-clínica. Sin embargo, 61.33% (n=92) de los adolescentes presentaron riesgo de dependencia. El análisis de varianza de las trayectorias del IAT identificó diferencias en los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad; no obstante, no fueron identificados correlaciones positivas estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones del IAT y los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad. Es fundamental investigar el patrón de uso de internet en el adolescente y la presencia o no de comorbilidad, para que sea posible encaminar precozmente el adolescente y poder tener acompañamiento psicológico.(AU)

Padrão de uso de internet por adolescentes e sua relação com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade / Adolescent internet patterns use and depressive and anxiety symptoms / El uso de los patrones de Internet de los adolescentes y los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad

A dependência de internet é uma condição que se caracteriza por apresentar fatores físicos e psicológicos, e usualmente apresenta comorbidade. Os adolescentes, por sua vez, são o grupo etário mais suscetível para apresentar sintomas de dependência de internet. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o padrão de uso de internet e sua relação com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade em adolescentes, tendo sido aplicados o Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Escala de Rastreamento Populacional para Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos (CES-D), Inventário de Ansiedade Traço (IDATE) e o Levantamento de Intensidade de Sintomas Depressivos (LIS-D) numa amostra de 150 adolescentes. Foi possível identificar que a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade ficou dentro da faixa não-clínica; contudo, 61,33 % (n=92) dos adolescentes apresentaram risco de dependência. A análise de variância das faixas do IAT identificou diferenças de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade; contudo, não foram identificadas correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas entre os escores do IAT e os sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade. É fundamental investigar o padrão de uso de internet no adolescente e a presença ou não de comorbidade, para que seja possível encaminhar precocemente o adolescente para acompanhamento psicológico.

Internet addiction is a condition characterized by physical and psychological factors, and usually presents comorbidity. Teenagers are the most likely age group to experience symptoms of Internet addiction. This study aims to investigate the pattern of Internet use and its relationship to symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Population Screening Scale for Depression Epidemiological Studies Center (CES- D), Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Depressive Symptoms Intensity Survey (LIS-D) were applied to a sample of 150 adolescents. It was observed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was within the non-clinical range; however, addiction was identified in 61,33% (n=92) of the adolescents. Variance analysis of IAT tracks identified differences in depression symptoms and anxiety; however, there were no statistically significant positive correlations between the scores of IAT and depression and anxiety symptoms. It is essential to investigate the pattern of Internet use in adolescents and the presence or absence of comorbidity, so that teenagers can be sent early on to counseling.

La dependencia a internet es una condición que se caracteriza por presentar factores psíquicos y físicos, y normalmente presenta comorbilidad. A su vez los adolescentes son un grupo etario más susceptible para presentar síntomas de dependencia a internet. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el uso patrón de internet y su relación con los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos en adolescentes, a través del Test de Adicción a Internet (IAT), Escala de Rastreo Poblacional para Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D), Inventario de Rasgos de Ansiedad (IDATE) y el Inventario de Intensidad de Síntomas de Depresión (LIS-D), con una muestra de 150 adolescentes. Fue posible identificar que la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad se mantuvo dentro de la línea no-clínica. Sin embargo, 61.33% (n=92) de los adolescentes presentaron riesgo de dependencia. El análisis de varianza de las trayectorias del IAT identificó diferencias en los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad; no obstante, no fueron identificados correlaciones positivas estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones del IAT y los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad. Es fundamental investigar el patrón de uso de internet en el dolescente y la presencia o no de comorbilidad, para que sea posible encaminar precozmente el adolescente y poder tener acompañamiento psicológico.

The association of acculturation and depressive and anxiety symptoms in immigrant chronic dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: Among immigrant chronic dialysis patients, depressive and anxiety symptoms are common. We aimed to examine the association of acculturation, i.e. the adaptation of immigrants to a new cultural context, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in immigrant chronic dialysis patients. METHODS: The DIVERS study is a prospective cohort study in five urban dialysis centers in the Netherlands. The association of five aspects of acculturation ("Skills", "Social integration", "Traditions", "Values and norms" and "Loss") and the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was determined using linear regression analyses, both univariate and multivariate. RESULTS: A total of 249 immigrant chronic dialysis patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 51% and 47%, respectively. "Skills" and "Loss" were significantly associated with the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively ("Skills" ß=0.34, CI: 0.11-0.58, and "Loss" ß=0.19, CI: 0.01-0.37; "Skills" ß=0.49, CI: 0.25-0.73, and "Loss" ß=0.33, CI: 0.13-0.53). The associations were comparable after adjustment. No significant associations were found between the other subscales and depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that less skills for living in the Dutch society and more feelings of loss are associated with the presence of both depressive and anxiety symptoms in immigrant chronic dialysis patients.

Violencia escolar y su relación con síntomas ansiosos / Bullying and its association with anxiety symptoms

INTRODUCCIÓN: Violencia escolar es la persecución física o psicológica de un alumno o alumna contra otro, convirtiéndolo en víctima de repetidos ataques. Es un importante marcador de riesgo de conductas antisociales futuras, y se relaciona con mayor prevalencia de síntomas ansiosos. OBJETIVO: Establecer si existe asociación entre la presencia de ansiedad patológica y la práctica de violencia escolar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo observacional y transversal. Se estudió a 166 alumnos de cuarto a octavo básico, de un colegio particular subvencionado de la comuna de Lo Barnechea, en Santiago de Chile. De ellos, 77 fueron hombres y 89 mujeres, entre 9 y 16 años. Se aplicó la escala de Autoreporte de Ansiedad para Niños y Adolescentes (AANA) y el cuestionario de Maltrato entre Iguales por Abuso de Poder (MIAP). Además, se recopilaron datos tales como sexo, edad, número de personas que viven en el hogar y si vive o no con sus padres. RESULTADOS: De los estudiantes evaluados, el 46,99 por ciento clasificó como testigo de violencia escolar, 19,28 por ciento víctima, 10,84 por ciento agresor, 10,84 por ciento víctima-agresor, y un 12,05 por ciento no clasificó en ninguna categoría. Se obtuvo un 36,1 por ciento de prevalencia de ansiedad patológica en el total de individuos; un 41,67 por ciento en agresores y 30,61 por ciento en no agresores, con chi-cuadrado P > 0,05.DISCUSIÓN: La prevalencia de ansiedad patológica en agresores de violencia escolar es mayor que en quienes no la practican; sin embargo, esta asociación no llega a valores estadísticamente significativos.

INTRODUCTION: Bullying is the physical or psychological persecution of one student against another, making him a victim of recurrent attacks. It is one of the most important risk markers for future antisocial behavior, which has also been associated with higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms. OBJECTIVE: Establish if there is an association between pathological anxiety and bullying. METHODS: This is a descriptive, observational and transversal study. 166 students from fourth to eight grades were studied from a semi private school from Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile. From this population, 77 were male and89 female, between 9 and 16 years old. The Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (AAA) and the Survey of High School Bullying Abuse of Power questionnaires were applied. Also, data such as sex, age, number of people who are living in their homes and whether they live with their parents or not was collected. RESULTS: From the students evaluated, 46.99 percent classified as bullying witnesses, 19.28 percent as victims, 10.84 percent as aggressors, 10.84 percent aggressor-victim and 12.05 percent didn't classify in any category. A 36.1 percent prevalence of pathologic anxiety was obtained from the totality of individuals. In the aggressor category 41.67 percent had pathological anxiety and 30.61 percent in non-aggressors, with a chi-square P > 0.05. DISCUSSION: Prevalence of pathological anxiety is higher in the aggressor than in the non-aggressor group, however this association is statistically non-significant

Relación entre los cambios del ambiente laboral ocasionados postevento sísmico del 27 febrero 2010 y la presencia de ansiedad y estrés laboral en el profesional de enfermería / Relationship between the change of work environment caused by 27 february 2010 seismic post-event and the presence of anxiety and stress in professional nursing

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre síntomas de ansiedad y estrés laboral en el profesional de enfermería de dos establecimientos hospitalarios de la Provincia de Ñuble con los cambios en el ambiente laboral postevento sísmico. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, en 64 profesionales de enfermería. Se aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory, la escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg y un cuestionario para identificar los cambios en el ambiente laboral postevento sísmico. Resultados: El 56,25% de los sujetos presentó síntomas de ansiedad, un 59,38% de depresión, el 84,38% un nivel medio de estrés. La modificación del espacio físico fue el cambio más estresante. El cambio en la calidad de los insumos utilizados, patología de los usuarios y en el flujograma de atención se asocian estadísticamente con la presencia de ansiedad en los profesionales de enfermería. Conclusión: El evento sísmico ocasionó diversas modificaciones en el ambiente laboral, cuyos cambios pueden ser relacionados con la generación de ansiedad en el profesional de enfermería, que es un pilar fundamental de todas las atenciones de salud; por tanto, en la medida que tengan buena salud mental sus prestaciones serán más efectivas, eficaces y oportunas, incrementando la calidad en la atención a los usuarios.

Objective: Determine the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and occupational stress in nursing professionals of two hospitals of the Province of Ñuble with changes in the work environment by seismic post-event. Method: quantitative and correlational study in 64 nurses. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Anxiety and Depression Scale of Goldberg and a questionnaire to identify changes in the work environment in seismic post-event, were applied. Results: 56.25% of the subjects had symptoms of anxiety, 59.38% of depression, 84.38% an average stress level. Modification of the physical space was the most stressful change. The change in the quality of supplies used, pathology of user and attention flowchart, associate statistically with the presence of anxiety in nurses. Conclusion: The seismic event caused several changes in the work environment, and those changes can be related to the generation of anxiety in the nursing professional, who is a cornerstone of all health care, therefore, as having good mental health their services will be more effective, efficient and timely, increasing the quality of care to users.