Cuidados paliativos para personas con enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada. Revisión sistemática / Palliative care for people with advanced Parkinson's disease. A systematic review

Introducción: Los cuidados paliativos hacen referencia al tratamiento dirigido a la identificación precoz e impecable del dolor y otros problemas físicos, psicosociales y espirituales que limitan la calidad de vida de la persona, la familia y sus cuidadores. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar las intervenciones paliativas utilizadas para la valoración y el control de síntomas en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) avanzada. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló una revisión sistémica de la bibliografía aplicando los pasos propuestos por Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). La búsqueda se orientó a partir de una pregunta de revisión estructurada y se incluyeron estudios originales de pacientes con EP avanzada publicados en bases de datos como Medline y Google Scholar entre 2010 a 2021. Resultados: Se revisaron 31 estudios en texto completo y se excluyeron 12 estudios por no alcanzar los criterios de calidad. En total, se incluyeron 19 trabajos en esta revisión sistemática, identificando 10 herramientas clínicas para valorar las necesidades paliativas en EP avanzada, cuatro intervenciones farmacológicas, y tres intervenciones no farmacológicas centradas en disminuir síntomas motores, mejorar la calidad de vida y evitar el estado on/off. Un estudio notificó la derivación del paciente a terapias complementarias y asistidas por dispositivos. Conclusión: Como parte del abordaje paliativo se han descrito un conjunto de herramientas para identificar síntomas y valorar necesidades de atención paliativa. Las intervenciones en la EP avanzada se enfocan en el control de los síntomas motores y no motores para disminuir el impacto de la enfermedad sobre la calidad de vida.(AU)

Introduction: Palliative care refers to treatment aimed at the early and comprehensive identification of pain and other physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems that limit the quality of life of the person, their family and their caregivers. The aim of this article is to identify palliative interventions used for the assessment and control of symptoms in people with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Materials and methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the steps proposed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was guided by a structured review question and included original studies of patients with advanced PD published in databases such as Medline and Google Scholar between 2010 and 2021. Results: Thirty-one full-text studies were reviewed and 12 were excluded due to not meeting quality criteria. A total of 19 papers were included in this systematic review, which identified 10 clinical tools to assess palliative needs in advanced PD, four pharmacological interventions, and three non-pharmacological interventions focused on reducing motor symptoms, improving quality of life and avoiding the on/off state. One study reported the referral of patients to complementary and device-assisted therapies. Conclusion: As part of the palliative approach, a set of tools for identifying symptoms and assessing palliative care needs have been described. Interventions in advanced PD focus on the control of motor and non-motor symptoms so as to reduce the impact of the disease on quality of life.(AU)

Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of drotaverine versus mebeverine in irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized double-blind controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Drotaverine and Mebeverine are used for alleviating the pain of IBS, but the evidence for their efficacy is scarce. In this randomised control study, we evaluated and compared their efficacy in improving severity, frequency of pain and its associated symptoms. METHODS: Patients fulfilling the ROME III criteria of IBS were evaluated in this randomised control trial during 4 weeks of treatment. Group A (n = 100) received 80 mg Drotaverine and Group B (n = 100) received 135 mg Mebeverine three times a day, 1 hour before meals. Primary outcome measure was, the reduction in severity of pain (>30% reduction) assessed by VAS (0 to 10 scale) & PSS (patient symptoms scores). RESULTS: The pain severity score fell from 6.02 to 4.8 on day 3 in Group A as compared to decrease from 6.72 to 6.62 in Group B (p < 0.01). This significant reduction in pain severity was observed till the end of the study, reducing from 6.02 to 1.78 (74% reduction) in Group A compared to 6.72 to 3.62 (46.1% reduction) in Group B (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in pain frequency, straining on stool, a change in one score in Bristol stool chart (BSC), achievement of complete spontaneous smooth bowel movement in Group A, compared to Group B patients. A significant improvement in Patient's evaluation of Global Assessment of Symptoms (p < 0.05) and Patient Assessment of Constipation - Quality Of Life (PAC-QOL) (p < 0.01) was observed in Group A compared to Group B. CONCLUSION: Drotaverine was significantly superior in efficacy as compared to Mebeverine in alleviating pain severity (starting from day 3), frequency and stools-elated symptoms of IBS.

Symptom management theory applied to nursing care: scoping review / Teoría de manejo de síntomas aplicada al cuidado de enfermería: scoping rewiew / Teoria de manejo de sintomas aplicada ao cuidado de enfermagem: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify publications about the applicability of the Symptom Management Theory in nursing care to pediatric, adolescent, adult and elderly patients. Methods: scoping review following the steps: definition of the objective, research question and inclusion criteria; search, selection and analysis of publications; synthesis of results. The search occurred in the VHL, SciELO, CAPES and PubMed Journals Portal bases, contemplating publications between 1994 and July 2020. Results: out of 3,286 studies, ten were selected, published between 2008 and 2019. They described the relationships between the participants and the domains (person, environment, health and disease), components (symptom experience, management strategies, results) and presented strategies for symptom management. Conclusions: the Symptom Management Theory was considered applicable to the participants of the studies and to nursing care. It was concluded that understanding the interaction of these elements is essential to plan actions aimed at controlling symptoms effectively.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar publicaciones acerca de aplicabilidad de Teoría de Manejo de Síntomas en cuidado de enfermería a pacientes pediátricos, adolescentes, adultos y ancianos. Métodos: scoping review siguiendo las etapas: definición del objetivo, cuestión de investigación y criterios de inclusión; búsqueda, selección y análisis de publicaciones; síntesis de resultados. Búsqueda ocurrió en bases BVS, SCIELO, Portal de Periódicos CAPES y PubMed, contemplando publicaciones entre 1994 y julio de 2020. Resultados: de 3.286 estudios, 10 seleccionados, publicados entre 2008 y 2019. Describieron relaciones entre los participantes y los dominios (persona, ambiente, salud y, enfermedad), componentes (experiencia de síntomas, estrategias de manejo, resultados) y presentaron estrategias para el manejo de los síntomas. Conclusiones: Teoría de Manejo de Síntomas considerada aplicable a los participantes de los estudios y al cuidado de enfermería. Concluyó que comprender la interacción de esos elementos es esencial para planear acciones vueltas al control de los síntomas de forma eficaz.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar publicações acerca da aplicabilidade da Teoria de Manejo de Sintomas no cuidado de enfermagem a pacientes pediátricos, adolescentes, adultos e idosos. Métodos: scoping review seguindo as etapas: definição do objetivo, pergunta de pesquisa e critérios de inclusão; busca, seleção e análise das publicações; síntese dos resultados. A busca ocorreu nas bases BVS, SciELO, Portal de Periódicos CAPES e PubMed, contemplando publicações entre 1994 e julho de 2020. Resultados: de 3.286 estudos, 10 foram selecionados, publicados entre 2008 e 2019. Descreveram as relações entre os participantes e os domínios (pessoa, ambiente, saúde e doença), componentes (experiência de sintomas, estratégias de manejo, resultados) e apresentaram estratégias para o manejo dos sintomas. Conclusões: a Teoria de Manejo de Sintomas foi considerada aplicável aos participantes dos estudos e ao cuidado de enfermagem. Concluiu-se que compreender a interação desses elementos é essencial para planejar ações voltadas ao controle dos sintomas de forma eficaz.

Relevance of psychosocial factors to quality of life in oral cancer and oral lichen planus: a prospective comparative study.

We can improve our understanding of how patients cope with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by making a comparison with their processes of coping and those used in other conditions. We have therefore compared quality of life (QoL), severity of symptoms, coping strategies, and factors that influence coping between patients with oral SCC and those with oral lichen planus. We asked 104 patients with oral SCC and 51 with oral lichen planus to complete questionnaires about their coping strategies, social support, locus of control, spirituality, QoL, and severity of symptoms. The outcome was that patients with oral SCC were far more likely to resort to coping strategies such as depressive coping, distraction, and self-motivation. The groups also differed regarding QoL and severity of symptoms. Patients with oral SCC had a poorer QoL and higher depression scores, whereas patients with oral lichen planus had better scores in the social support and spirituality categories. Patients with oral SCC generally had more distress than those with oral lichen planus. Not only did the former resort to depressive coping strategies, but they also had poorer QoL and higher values for depression. For the patients with oral lichen planus, social support and spirituality were protective, whereas they were associated with distress by patients with oral SCC.

No sex differences in neuropsychological performance in first episode psychosis patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify whether male patients with psychosis have greater neurocognitive impairment than female patients at illness onset. METHOD: Participants with a first episode of psychosis (74 women/86 men) and healthy controls (62 women/97 men) were assessed with an extensive neuropsychological test battery. RESULTS: Women in the clinical group were older at illness onset and had achieved higher formal education than men. This trend was the same for the control group. The patient group presented with lower premorbid IQ compared to healthy controls, and performed below for most neuropsychological tests. Women scored higher than men on a test of verbal memory, whereas men scored higher than women on a test of reaction time, visual memory, and a planning task. There were no group-by-sex interactions for any of the neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that at the onset of psychosis there are no differences between males and females in neuropsychological performance. The differential pattern of cognitive performance observed is similar to that in healthy males and females. Furthermore, females with a late onset of psychosis may represent a subgroup with specific visuospatial and problem solving impairments.