Genetic Algebras Associated with ξ(a)-Quadratic Stochastic Operators.

The present paper deals with a class of ξ(a)-quadratic stochastic operators, referred to as QSOs, on a two-dimensional simplex. It investigates the algebraic properties of the genetic algebras associated with ξ(a)-QSOs. Namely, the associativity, characters and derivations of genetic algebras are studied. Moreover, the dynamics of these operators are also explored. Specifically, we focus on a particular partition that results in nine classes, which are further reduced to three nonconjugate classes. Each class gives rise to a genetic algebra denoted as Ai, and it is shown that these algebras are isomorphic. The investigation then delves into analyzing various algebraic properties within these genetic algebras, such as associativity, characters, and derivations. The conditions for associativity and character behavior are provided. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic behavior of these operators is conducted.

Algebraical Entropy and Arrow of Time.

Usually, it is supposed that irreversibility of time appears only in macrophysics. Here, we attempt to introduce the microphysical arrow of time assuming that at a fundamental level nature could be non-associative. Obtaining numerical results of a measurement, which requires at least three ingredients: object, device and observer, in the non-associative case depends on ordering of operations and is ambiguous. We show that use of octonions as a fundamental algebra, in any measurement, leads to generation of unavoidable 18.6 bit relative entropy of the probability density functions of the active and passive transformations, which correspond to the groups G2 and SO(7), respectively. This algebraical entropy can be used to determine the arrow of time, analogically as thermodynamic entropy does.

Oferta, condiciones y asociatividad: aportes de una encuesta de hábitos deportivos a la planificación municipal / Oferta, condições e associatividade: contribuições de uma pesquisa de hábitos esportivos para o planejamento municipal / Offer, conditions, and associativity: contributions on a survey of sports habits to municipal planning

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue describir la oferta deportiva y de actividad física, las condiciones para la práctica de la población y las características de la asociatividad deportiva, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a los habitantes de una ciudad chilena, siendo los resultados un aporte investigativo en el contexto de la elaboración de un Plan Municipal de Actividad Física y de Deportes. Trabajo de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio y de corte transversal, en el cual se aplicó de forma presencial una encuesta estandarizada de tipo institucional. La muestra fue por conveniencia, pero representativa de los dos sectores encuestados de la ciudad, participando un total de 209 personas, hombres y mujeres que tenían 15 años y más. Para analizar los datos, se empleó la estadística descriptiva, utilizando la distribución de la frecuencia. Los resultados señalan que ha aumentado la percepción sobre el nivel de práctica de actividad física y el número de las instalaciones deportivas, pero aún son insuficientes. También se identifica un alto uso de los servicios deportivos municipales, siendo el fútbol la oferta deportiva más demandada. Acerca de los niveles de participación en organizaciones deportivas, estos han aumentado en relación con el promedio nacional, no obstante, representa un bajo porcentaje. Junto a ello, se observa una tendencia a la práctica deportiva preferentemente de tipo individual.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a oferta de esporte e atividade física, as condições para a prática da população e as características da associatividade esportiva, através da aplicação de uma pesquisa aos habitantes de uma cidade chilena, sendo os resultados uma contribuição de pesquisa no contexto do desenvolvimento de um Plano Municipal de Atividade Física e Esporte. Este é um estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, no qual uma pesquisa institucional padronizada foi aplicada pessoalmente. A amostra foi por conveniência, mas representativa dos dois setores pesquisados da cidade, com um total de 209 pessoas participantes, homens e mulheres com 15 anos ou mais. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas para analisar os dados, utilizando a distribuição de frequência. Os resultados mostram que a percepção do nível de atividade física e o número de instalações esportivas aumentaram, mas ainda são insuficientes. Também é identificada uma alta utilização dos serviços esportivos municipais, sendo o futebol a oferta esportiva mais demandada. Os níveis de participação em organizações esportivas aumentaram em relação à média nacional, mas ainda representam uma baixa porcentagem. Além disso, há uma tendência para que o esporte seja praticado principalmente por indivíduos.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to describe the offer of sports and physical activity, the conditions for the practice of the population; and the characteristics of the sport association capacities, through a survey conducted among the inhabitants of a Chilean city, being the results a research contribution in the context of the elaboration of a Municipal Plan of Physical Activity and Sports. It is a descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional work, in which a standardized institutional in-person survey was applied. The sample was for convenience, but representative of the two sectors of the city surveyed, with a total of 209 people participating, men and women who were 15 years old and older. Descriptive statistics using frequency distribution was applied to analyze data. The results indicate that the perception about the level of physical activity practice and the number of sport facilities have increased, but they are still insufficient. A high use of municipal sports services has been also identified, with football being the most demanded sport offer. Regarding levels of participation in sport organizations, these have increased in relation to the national average; however, it still represents a low percentage. In addition, there is a tendency to practice sports preferably on an individual type.

Input associativity underlies fear memory renewal.

Synaptic associativity, a feature of Hebbian plasticity wherein coactivation of two inputs onto the same neuron produces synergistic actions on postsynaptic activity, is a primary cellular correlate of associative learning. However, whether and how synaptic associativity are implemented into context-dependent relapse of extinguished memory (i.e. fear renewal) is unknown. Here, using an auditory fear conditioning paradigm in mice, we show that fear renewal is determined by the associativity between convergent inputs from the auditory cortex (ACx) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) onto the lateral amygdala (LA) that reactivate ensembles engaged during learning. Fear renewal enhances synaptic strengths of both ACx to LA and the previously unknown vHPC to LA monosynaptic inputs. While inactivating either of the afferents abolishes fear renewal, optogenetic activation of their input associativity in the LA recapitulates fear renewal. Thus, input associativity underlies fear memory renewal.

Conceptual knowledge of the associativity principle: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research.

Individuals use diverse strategies to solve mathematical problems, which can reflect their knowledge of arithmetic principles and predict mathematical expertise. For example, '6 + 38 - 35' can be solved via '38 - 35 = 3' and then '3 + 6 = 9', which is a shortcut-strategy derived from the associativity principle. The shortcut may be critical for understanding algebra, however approximately 50% of adults fail to use it. We review the research to consider why the associativity principle is challenging and highlight an important distinction between shortcut identification and execution. We also discuss how domain-specific skills and domain-general skills might play an important role in shortcut identification and execution, and provide an agenda for future research.

Fear Memory Relapse: The Importance of Input Associativity.

An inherent property of extinguished fear memories is that the fear may return. A recent study in mice by Li et al. provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the relapse of an extinguished memory through converging sensory and contextual cues from the auditory cortex (ACx) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to the lateral amygdala (LA).

Investigating the role of attention in the identification of associativity shortcuts using a microgenetic measure of implicit shortcut use.

Many mathematics problems can be solved in different ways or by using different strategies. Good knowledge of arithmetic principles is important for identifying and using strategies that are more sophisticated. For example, the problem "6 + 38 - 35" can be solved through a shortcut strategy where the subtraction "38 - 35 = 3" is performed before the addition "3 + 6 = 9," a strategy that is derived from the arithmetic principle of associativity. However, both children and adults make infrequent use of this shortcut and the reasons for this are currently unknown. To uncover these reasons, new sensitive measures of strategy identification and use must first be developed, which was one goal of our research. We built a novel method to detect the time-point when individuals first identify an arithmetic strategy, based on trial-by-trial response time data. Our second goal was to use this measure to investigate the contribution of one particular factor, attention, in the identification of the associativity shortcut. In two studies, we found that manipulating visual attention made no difference to the number of people who identified the shortcut, the trial number on which they first identified it, or their accuracy and response time for solving shortcut problems. We discuss the theoretical and methodological contribution of our findings and argue that the origin of people's difficulty with associativity shortcuts may lie beyond attention.

Intra- and Inter-subject Variability in EEG-Based Sensorimotor Brain Computer Interface: A Review.

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) for the rehabilitation of motor impairments exploit sensorimotor rhythms (SMR) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). However, the neurophysiological processes underpinning the SMR often vary over time and across subjects. Inherent intra- and inter-subject variability causes covariate shift in data distributions that impede the transferability of model parameters amongst sessions/subjects. Transfer learning includes machine learning-based methods to compensate for inter-subject and inter-session (intra-subject) variability manifested in EEG-derived feature distributions as a covariate shift for BCI. Besides transfer learning approaches, recent studies have explored psychological and neurophysiological predictors as well as inter-subject associativity assessment, which may augment transfer learning in EEG-based BCI. Here, we highlight the importance of measuring inter-session/subject performance predictors for generalized BCI frameworks for both normal and motor-impaired people, reducing the necessity for tedious and annoying calibration sessions and BCI training.

Restricted social capital: Cundinamarca's departamen case / Capital social restringido: el caso del departamento de cundinamarca

RESUMEN La primacía del individualismo y el egoísmo, como valores orientadores de la dinámica capitalista, aunado a un factor como la violencia que ha caracterizado el territorio colombiano, vienen produciendo rupturas sensibles en el tejido social, restringiendo el mejoramiento de los niveles de capital social y el efectivo agenciamiento de las necesidades colectivas de la ciudadanía. Aunque se reconoce que este fenómeno puede llegar a presentarse de manera diferenciada en el territorio, se propone como objetivo en este artículo plantear una metodología para medir el capital social, así como realizar un estudio de caso para determinar los actuales niveles de confianza, compromiso cívico y participación política en el departamento de Cundinamarca1, como principales dimensiones que permiten integrar un indicador sintético de este. Para ello, se adelantó un proceso investigativo exploratorio, con un diseño secuencial explicativo desarrollado en dos etapas: la primera con un componente cuantitativo y de medición y la segunda con un componente cualitativo y de validación de resultados. En este sentido, se pudo validar el indicador generado, así como constatar, mediante un estudio de caso, los niveles de capital social en el departamento de Cundinamarca y los obstáculos para su fortalecimiento.

ABSTRACT The primacy of individualism and selfishness, as guiding values of capitalist dynamics, coupled with a factor as widespread violence has been producing sensitive ruptures into the fabric of society, restricting improving levels of capital and effective management needs collective citizenship. Based on the idea that this phenomenon may actually arise differentially in the departmental territory is proposed as an objective of this article determine current levels of trust, civic engagement and political participation in the department of Cundinamarca, and the relationship of strengthening capital with the processes of social change led by citizens. To do an exploratory investigative process forward, with an explanatory sequential design developed in two stages; the first one with a quantitative measurement component; and the second, with a qualitative component and validation of results. In this regard, it was observed that are still low levels of capital in the department and on the contrary are much stronger barriers to their empowerment.

Underlying Mechanisms of Cooperativity, Input Specificity, and Associativity of Long-Term Potentiation Through a Positive Feedback of Local Protein Synthesis.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a specific form of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity that is a leading mechanism of learning and memory in mammals. The properties of cooperativity, input specificity, and associativity are essential for LTP; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, based on experimentally observed phenomena, we introduce a computational model of synaptic plasticity in a pyramidal cell to explore the mechanisms responsible for the cooperativity, input specificity, and associativity of LTP. The model is based on molecular processes involved in synaptic plasticity and integrates gene expression involved in the regulation of neuronal activity. In the model, we introduce a local positive feedback loop of protein synthesis at each synapse, which is essential for bimodal response and synapse specificity. Bifurcation analysis of the local positive feedback loop of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling illustrates the existence of bistability, which is the basis of LTP induction. The local bifurcation diagram provides guidance for the realization of LTP, and the projection of whole system trajectories onto the two-parameter bifurcation diagram confirms the predictions obtained from bifurcation analysis. Moreover, model analysis shows that pre- and postsynaptic components are required to achieve the three properties of LTP. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the cooperativity, input specificity, and associativity of LTP, and the further construction of neural networks for learning and memory.

Children's understanding of multiplication and division: Insights from a pooled analysis of seven studies conducted across 7 years.

Research suggests that children's conceptual understanding of multiplication and division is weak and that it remains poor well into the later elementary school years. Further, children's understanding of fundamental concepts such as inversion and associativity does not improve as they progress from grades 6 to 8. Instead, some children simply possess strong understanding while others do not. Other studies have identified an increase across these grades. The present investigation analyses data from seven studies of Grade 6 (n = 226), Grade 7 (n = 221), and Grade 8 (n = 216) children's three-term problem-solving (e.g., 3 × 24 ÷ 24 and 3 × 24 ÷ 6) and provides a unified account of multiplication and division understanding, one in which grade differences and individual variability coexist and are moderated by sex. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Children's conceptual understanding of multiplication and division is weak and it is unclear whether it increases across the key grades of 6-8. Understanding of the inversion and associativity concepts is characterized by high individual variability, but grade and sex have never been found to be a contributing factor. What does this study add? A meta-analysis of seven data sets (n = 643) indicates that grade differences and individual variability coexist and are moderated by sex. Understanding increases across grade only for boys, but an equal number of boys and girls are in the top 10% of conceptual problem-solvers.

Caracterización técnica y productiva de los sistemas de producción lechera del valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo (Colombia) / Technical and productive characterization of milk production systems in the Sibundoy Valley (Putumayo, Colombia) / Caraterização técnica e produtiva dos sistemas de produção leiteira do vale de Sibundoy, Putumayo (Colômbia)

Resumen En el departamento del Putumayo, el sector ganadero es de gran importancia dentro de la economía, y la producción lechera es el propósito principal de la ganadería en el valle de Sibundoy. Con el objetivo de caracterizar los sistemas de producción lechera en este valle, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo cualitativo, mediante una encuesta dirigida a productores de sistemas lecheros especializados para evaluar aspectos técnicos y productivos. Se encontró que el 79,26 % de los predios tiene menos de 7 ha; el 78,6 % tiene de 2 a 5 animales; la capacidad de carga animal oscila entre 1,14 y 2,92 unidades de gran ganado (UGG); el 45,72 % de los predios son arrendados; en el 80 % de los predios la administración y manejo es realizada por los propietarios con grado de escolaridad bajo (63,7 %); el 48,9 % no posee ningún tipo de instalación ganadera y el 100 % realiza ordeño manual; en su mayoría no llevan registros contables (57,1 a 86,7 %); del 57,1 al 80 % de los tratamientos son realizados por personas diferentes al médico veterinario; el grado de asistencia técnica es muy bajo en el manejo agrícola de praderas y en el administrativo; hay grado bajo en asociatividad, composición del hato, reproducción y manejo de praderas; hay grado medio en uso de la tierra, manejo sanitario, de parto y terneras. Se concluye que los sistemas de producción evaluados son en su mayoría minifundios, con una alta carga animal y un grado bajo de asistencia técnica, lo cual se refleja en la baja eficiencia productiva, reproductiva, sanitaria y administrativa.

Abstract In the department of Putumayo, the livestock sector has a great importance within the economy and dairy production is the main purpose of cattle breeding in the Sibundoy Valley. With the objective of characterizing milk production systems in this valley, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out, using a survey aimed at producers in specialized dairy production systems in order to evaluate different technical and productive aspects. It was found that 79.26% of the parcels have less than 7 ha; 78.6% have 2 to 5 animals; animal load capacity ranges from 1.14 to 2.92 large livestock units (LLU); 45.72% of the parcels are leased; in 80% of the parcels, administration and management is carried out by the owners with a low level of schooling (63.7%); 48.9% do not have any type of livestock installations, and 100% do manual milking; most of them do not keep accounting records (57.1 to 86.7%); 57.1 to 80% of the treatments are performed by persons other than veterinarians; the degree of technical assistance is very low regarding the agricultural as well as administrative management of the grassland; there is a low degree of associativity, composition of the herd, reproduction and grassland management; there is a medium degree of land use, as well as sanitary, labor, and calves management. It is concluded that the production systems evaluated are mostly small landholdings, with a high animal load and a low degree of technical assistance, which is reflected in low productive, reproductive, sanitary, and administrative efficiency.

Resumo No estado de Putumayo, o setor pecuário é de grande importância dentro da economia e a produção leiteira é o propósito principal da pecuária no vale de Sibundoy. Com o objetivo de caracterizar os sistemas de produção de leite neste vale, se realizou um estudo descritivo de tipo qualitativo, por meio de uma enquete dirigida a produtores de sistemas leiteiros especializados para avaliar aspectos técnicos e produtivos. Constatou-se que o 79,26 % dos prédios tem menos de 7 ha; o 78,6 % tem de 2 a 5 animais ; a capacidade de carga animal oscila entre 1,14 e 2,92 unidades de grande gado (UGG); o 45,72 % dos prédios são arrendados; em 80 % dos prédios a administração e manejo é realizada pelos proprietários com grau de escolaridade baixo (63,7 %); o 48,9 % não possui nenhum tipo de instalação pecuária e o 100 % realiza ordenho manual; na maioria dos casos não levam registros contábeis (57,1 a 86,7 %); do 57,1 al 80 % dos tratamentos são realizados por pessoas diferentes ao médico veterinário; o grau de assistência técnica é muito baixo no manejo agrícola de prados e no administrativo; há um baixo grau em associatividade, composição do rebanho, reprodução e manejo de prados; há um grau médio em uso da terra, manejo sanitário, de parto e bezerros. Conclui-se que os sistemas de produção avaliados na maioria são minifúndios, com uma alta carga animal e um baixo grau de assistência técnica, fator que se reflete na baixa eficiência produtiva, reprodutiva, sanitária e administrativa.

Influencia de los recursos y las dinámicas del territorio en el sostenimiento de la agroindustria rural panelera de supía, caldas / Influence of resources and dynamics of the territory in sustaining raw sugar rural agribusiness at supía, caldas

Después del café, la panela constituye la segunda agroindustria rural más importante en Colombia. El subsector panelero presenta actualmente problemas relacionados con bajos niveles tecnológicos y estándares de calidad, débil cultura organizativa y asociativa y acceso precario a mercados; retos que implican la necesidad de buscar estrategias desde los territorios en aras de buscar fortalecer el subsector. El estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar la influencia de los recursos y las dinámicas del territorio con el fin de determinar cómo se configura la generación de estrategias locales para la supervivencia y el sostenimiento de la producción panelera en Supía, Caldas, Colombia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con enfoque metodológico cualitativo y recolección de los datos en tres fases: estudio exploratorio, entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores del sistema agroalimentario localizado (SIAL), utilizando la técnica de muestreo de bola de nieve, talleres participativos con grupos de productores, observación y diario de campo. Finalmente se adelantó una fase de análisis y triangulación de la información, enmarcada en las dimensiones: histórica, técnica, institucional y alimenticia. Se encontró que las transformaciones ocurridas en los últimos 50 años, dan cuenta de la existencia de un SIAL dinámico con anclaje territorial que se soporta en recursos locales tales como el saber-hacer, las condiciones locales de clima y suelo y procesos de innovación tecnológica y organizacional, lo que ha permitido generar una reputación. Se identificaron en el territorio cinco tipos de agroindustrias rurales (AIR), algunas de las cuales han logrado transformar los recursos del territorio en activos territoriales, a través de dinámicas como las acciones colectivas estructurales o familiares, y diversas formas de relacionamiento tanto dentro de las propias AIR así como con otros actores del territorio, lo cual les ha permitido posibilidades de comercialización, entre otras ventajas que han contribuido al sostenimiento de la actividad panelera.

After coffee, panela is the second largest, rural agribusiness in Colombia. The panela subsector currently presents problems related to low technological levels and quality standards, weak organizational and associative culture as well as markets' access. These challenges imply the need to seek strategies from the territories in order to strengthen the subsector. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of resources and the dynamics of the territory, in order to determine how to generate local strategies for survival and sustaining raw sugar production in Supía, Caldas, Colombia. A descriptive study with a qualitative methodological approach with data collection in three phases: an exploratory study, interviews with actors of localized agro-alimentary system (SIAL), using the technique of snowball sampling, participatory workshop and field diary, was conducted. An analysis and triangulation of information analyzing dimensions: historical, technical, institutional and food, was carried out. It was found that technical, social and economic changes over the last 50 years, account for the existence of a dynamic, local food system with know-how that constitutes one of the most important resources in the region; as well as technology, local conditions of climate and soil and innovation processes, which has generated a reputation. Five types of rural agribusiness (AIR) were identified. Some of them have been able to transform the region's resources into territorial assets, through structural or familiar collective actions as well as several relationships both within the AIR itself as a territorial level, which has played a key for sustaining panela activity, by improving their access to market.

Children's understanding of additive concepts.

Most research on children's arithmetic concepts is based on one concept at a time, limiting the conclusions that can be made about how children's conceptual knowledge of arithmetic develops. This study examined six arithmetic concepts (identity, negation, commutativity, equivalence, inversion, and addition and subtraction associativity) in Grades 3, 4, and 5. Identity (a-0=a) and negation (a-a=0) were well understood, followed by moderate understanding of commutativity (a+b=b+a) and inversion (a+b-b=a), with weak understanding of equivalence (a+b+c=a+[b+c]) and associativity (a+b-c=[b-c]+a). Understanding increased across grade only for commutativity and equivalence. Four clusters were found: The Weak Concept cluster understood only identity and negation; the Two-Term Concept cluster also understood commutativity; the Inversion Concept cluster understood identity, negation, and inversion; and the Strong Concept cluster had the strongest understanding of all of the concepts. Grade 3 students tended to be in the Weak and Inversion Concept clusters, Grade 4 students were equally likely to be in any of the clusters, and Grade 5 students were most likely to be in the Two-Term and Strong Concept clusters. The findings of this study highlight that conclusions about the development of arithmetic concepts are highly dependent on which concepts are being assessed and underscore the need for multiple concepts to be investigated at the same time.

Efficient neuroplasticity induction in chronic stroke patients by an associative brain-computer interface.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to improve functionality in chronic stoke patients when applied over a large number of sessions. Here we evaluated the effect and the underlying mechanisms of three BCI training sessions in a double-blind sham-controlled design. The applied BCI is based on Hebbian principles of associativity that hypothesize that neural assemblies activated in a correlated manner will strengthen synaptic connections. Twenty-two chronic stroke patients were divided into two training groups. Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were detected by electroencephalography during repetitions of foot dorsiflexion. Detection triggered a single electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve timed so that the resulting afferent volley arrived at the peak negative phase of the MRCP (BCIassociative group) or randomly (BCInonassociative group). Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FM), 10-m walking speed, foot and hand tapping frequency, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, and the excitability of the corticospinal tract to the target muscle [tibialis anterior (TA)] were quantified. The TA motor evoked potential (MEP) increased significantly after the BCIassociative intervention, but not for the BCInonassociative group. FM scores (0.8 ± 0.46 point difference, P = 0.01), foot (but not finger) tapping frequency, and 10-m walking speed improved significantly for the BCIassociative group, indicating clinically relevant improvements. Corticospinal tract integrity on DTI did not correlate with clinical or physiological changes. For the BCI as applied here, the precise coupling between the brain command and the afferent signal was imperative for the behavioral, clinical, and neurophysiological changes reported. This association may become the driving principle for the design of BCI rehabilitation in the future. Indeed, no available BCIs can match this degree of functional improvement with such a short intervention.

[The relationship between the key nasal symptoms and the level of histamineand leukotriene D4 in serum and nasal secretions in allergic rhinitis].

Objective:To investigate the relationship between main nasal symptoms and the levels of histamine and leukotriene D4(LTD4) in serum and nasal secretions in allergic rhinitis(AR),and provide a preliminary guidance for individualized treatment in AR.Method:One hundred and eight cases of AR were divided into two groups,i.e.sneezing group and nasal congestion group,according to 2014 clinical guidelines for allergic rhinitis from January 2014 to June 2015.The levels of histamine and LTD4 in serum and nasal secretions were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the relationship was explored between the clinical main nasal symptoms score and the levels of histamine and LTD4.Result:The scores of sneezing(5.58±2.59)for AR were obviously related to the levels of histamine in serum(8.39±4.07)ng/ml and nasal secretion(5.06±2.47)ng/ml,(r=0.79,0.78,all P<0.05).The scores of nasal congestion(5.34±2.36) for AR were also related to the levels of LTD4 in serum(0.356±0.155 ng/ml) and nasal secretion(0.215±0.092)ng/ml,(r=0.74,0.72,all P<0.05).And the levels of histamine(8.39±4.07)ng/ml and LTD4(0.356±0.155) ng/ml in serum for AR patients were positively correlated with the levels in nasal secretions(r=0.99,P<0.01;r=0.98,P<0.01).Conclusion:In AR patients,the high levels of histamine and LTD4 in serum and nasal secretions are closely related to the sneezing symptoms and nasal obstruction symptoms,respectively.

Escuta analítica: diálogo com uma jovem colega / Psychonalytic listening: dialogue with a Young Colleague / Escucha analítica: diálogo con una joven colega / L'écoute analytique: dialogue avec une jeune collègue

Na forma de perguntas e respostas e amplamente apoiada em exemplos clínicos, a autora procura mostrar como a dimensão do campo da psicopatologia psicanalítica - da neurose para o funcionamento psicótico, e deste para as várias formas de sofrimento narcísico-identitário - foi exigindo do psicanalista a extensão dos modos de sua escuta. A autora insiste na diferença entre escutar o adulto e escutar a criança-no-adulto e exemplifica as diversas formas de associatividade e de expressão do inconsciente.

In the form of questions and answers, and widely supported in clinical examples, the author aims to show how the dimension of the psychoanalytic psychopathologic field - from neurosis to psychosis, and from then to the several forms of narcissistic suffering-identitary - has demanded from the psychoanalyst the extension of their ways of listening. The author insists on the difference between listening to the adult and listening to the child in the adult, and exemplifies the different forms of associativity and expression of the unconscious.

En forma de preguntas y respuestas, y ampliamente apoyada en ejemplos clínicos, la autora pretende mostrar cómo la extensión del campo de la psicopatología psicoanalítica - desde la neurosis al funcionamiento psicótico y hacia las diversas formas de sufrimiento narcisista - requiere del psicoanalista la ampliación de sus modos de escucha. La autora hace hincapié en la diferencia entre escuchar al adulto y escuchar al niño-en-el-adulto y ejemplifica las diferentes formas de asociatividad y de expresión del inconsciente.

Sous la forme de questions et de réponses et largement soutenue par des exemples cliniques, l'auteur cherche à démontrer comment la dimension du domaine de la psychopathologie psychanalytique - de la névrose au fonctionnement psychotique, et de celui-ci aux diverses façons de souffrance narcissique-identitaire - a peu à peu exigé du psychanalyste l'élargissement des façons de son écoute. L'auteur insiste sur la différence entre écouter l'adulte et écouter l'enfant-dans-l'adulte et exemplifie les différentes façons d'associativité et d'expression de l'inconscient.

Escuta analítica: diálogo com uma jovem colega / Psychonalytic listening: dialogue with a Young Colleague / Escucha analítica: diálogo con una joven colega / L'écoute analytique: dialogue avec une jeune collègue

Na forma de perguntas e respostas e amplamente apoiada em exemplos clínicos, a autora procura mostrar como a dimensão do campo da psicopatologia psicanalítica - da neurose para o funcionamento psicótico, e deste para as várias formas de sofrimento narcísico-identitário - foi exigindo do psicanalista a extensão dos modos de sua escuta. A autora insiste na diferença entre escutar o adulto e escutar a criança-no-adulto e exemplifica as diversas formas de associatividade e de expressão do inconsciente.

In the form of questions and answers, and widely supported in clinical examples, the author aims to show how the dimension of the psychoanalytic psychopathologic field - from neurosis to psychosis, and from then to the several forms of narcissistic suffering-identitary - has demanded from the psychoanalyst the extension of their ways of listening. The author insists on the difference between listening to the adult and listening to the child in the adult, and exemplifies the different forms of associativity and expression of the unconscious.

En forma de preguntas y respuestas, y ampliamente apoyada en ejemplos clínicos, la autora pretende mostrar cómo la extensión del campo de la psicopatología psicoanalítica - desde la neurosis al funcionamiento psicótico y hacia las diversas formas de sufrimiento narcisista - requiere del psicoanalista la ampliación de sus modos de escucha. La autora hace hincapié en la diferencia entre escuchar al adulto y escuchar al niño-en-el-adulto y ejemplifica las diferentes formas de asociatividad y de expresión del inconsciente.

Sous la forme de questions et de réponses et largement soutenue par des exemples cliniques, l'auteur cherche à démontrer comment la dimension du domaine de la psychopathologie psychanalytique - de la névrose au fonctionnement psychotique, et de celui-ci aux diverses façons de souffrance narcissique-identitaire - a peu à peu exigé du psychanalyste l'élargissement des façons de son écoute. L'auteur insiste sur la différence entre écouter l'adulte et écouter l'enfant-dans-l'adulte et exemplifie les différentes façons d'associativité et d'expression de l'inconscient.

La rencontre analytique dans les dispositifs à mediations thérapeutiques, aux limites de l’analyse / O encontro analítico nos dispositivos das mediações terapêuticas, nos limites de uma análise / The analytic encounter in therapeutic mediation devices, at the limits of an analysis / El encuentro analítico en los dispositivos de las mediaciones terapéuticas, en los confines de un analisis

Les médiations thérapeutiques en pratiques institutionnelles relèvent de la psychothérapie psychanalytique quand elles sont fondées sur la prise en compte du transfert et de l’associativité psychique, au fondement de la méthode analytique. A l’appui de la clinique de la psychose infantile, cet article interrogera les modalités particulières des processus de symbolisation qui s’y déploient, à partir notamment de la prise en compte de l’associativité sensorimotrice.

As mediações terapêuticas em práticas institucionais dependem da psicoterapia psicanalítica quando se baseiam na análise da transferência e da associatividade psíquica no âmbito do método analítico. Apoiando-se na experiência clínica da psicose infantil, este artigo questionará as modalidades específicas do desenvolvimento dos processos de simbolização, considerando nomeadamente a associatividade sensório-motora.

Therapeutic mediations in institutional practices fall within psychoanalytic psychotherapy when they take into account transference and psychic associativity at the very foundation of the analytic method. Based on the clinical experience of infantile psychosis, this article questions the specific terms of symbolization processes that unfold, in particular from the consideration of sensorimotor associativity.

Las mediaciones terapéuticas en prácticas institucionales dependen de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica cuando se basan en el análisis de la transferencia y de la asociatividad psíquica en el ámbito del método analítico. Apoyándose en la experiencia clínica de la psicosis infantil, este artículo cuestionará las modalidades específicas del desarrollo de los procesos de simbolización, considerando, sobre todo, a la asociatividad sensoriomotora.

La rencontre analytique dans les dispositifs à mediations thérapeutiques, aux limites de l’analyse / O encontro analítico nos dispositivos das mediações terapêuticas, nos limites de uma análise / The analytic encounter in therapeutic mediation devices, at the limits of an analysis / El encuentro analítico en los dispositivos de las mediaciones terapéuticas, en los confines de un analisis

Les médiations thérapeutiques en pratiques institutionnelles relèvent de la psychothérapie psychanalytique quand elles sont fondées sur la prise en compte du transfert et de l’associativité psychique, au fondement de la méthode analytique. A l’appui de la clinique de la psychose infantile, cet article interrogera les modalités particulières des processus de symbolisation qui s’y déploient, à partir notamment de la prise en compte de l’associativité sensorimotrice.(AU)

As mediações terapêuticas em práticas institucionais dependem da psicoterapia psicanalítica quando se baseiam na análise da transferência e da associatividade psíquica no âmbito do método analítico. Apoiando-se na experiência clínica da psicose infantil, este artigo questionará as modalidades específicas do desenvolvimento dos processos de simbolização, considerando nomeadamente a associatividade sensório-motora.(AU)

Therapeutic mediations in institutional practices fall within psychoanalytic psychotherapy when they take into account transference and psychic associativity at the very foundation of the analytic method. Based on the clinical experience of infantile psychosis, this article questions the specific terms of symbolization processes that unfold, in particular from the consideration of sensorimotor associativity.(AU)

Las mediaciones terapéuticas en prácticas institucionales dependen de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica cuando se basan en el análisis de la transferencia y de la asociatividad psíquica en el ámbito del método analítico. Apoyándose en la experiencia clínica de la psicosis infantil, este artículo cuestionará las modalidades específicas del desarrollo de los procesos de simbolización, considerando, sobre todo, a la asociatividad sensoriomotora.(AU)