Atención de urgencias maxilofaciales durante la pandemia por la COVID-19, Granma 2021

RESUMEN Introducción: En la pandemia por la COVID-19 se implementaron nuevas medidas en todos los sectores, uno de estos fue en la especialidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial, donde no se dejaron de prestar atención a pacientes con urgencias. Objetivo: Caracterizar las urgencias maxilofaciales atendidas en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley" en Manzanillo, durante la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en 358 pacientes, entre septiembre de 2020 hasta abril de 2021. Se estudiaron las variables: grupos de edades, sexo, mes de atención, motivo de urgencia maxilofacial, conducta terapéutica y pacientes con sintomatología relacionados con la COVID-19. Resultados: El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 60 y más (22,6 %), con predominio del sexo masculino (54,2 %). Se atendió la mayoría de los pacientes en los meses de noviembre y diciembre (20,3 %), las urgencias maxilofaciales que predominaron fueron los traumatismos maxilofaciales (31,8 %), seguido por las celulitis faciales (23,7 %). En cuanto a la conducta terapéutica, en el tratamiento conservador tuvo mayor porcentaje el medicamentoso (88,3 %), mientras que en el tratamiento quirúrgico predominó la sutura de heridas (18,2 %). El síntoma de mayor incidencia fue la fiebre (3,4 %). El 61,5 % de los cirujanos maxilofaciales se contagió con COVID-19. Conclusiones: Las urgencias maxilofaciales son más frecuentes en el sexo masculino, predominan los traumatismos maxilofaciales y las celulitis faciales. El servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial es vulnerable a la infección por el coronavirus.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, new safety measures were implemented in all sectors. However, the Maxillofacial Surgery specialty kept on, where emergency patients were not left unattended. Objective: To characterize the maxillofacial emergencies attended at the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley" in Manzanillo, during the COVID-19 related epidemiological situation. Method: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was applied on 358 patients in the period between September 2020 and April 2021. The variables studied were as follow: age groups, sex, month when patients were attended, maxillofacial emergency´s motive, therapeutic behavior and patients with COVID-19 related symptoms. Results: The most affected age group was ≥ 60 (22.6%), with predominance in male sex (54.2%). Most patients were attended in November and December (20.3%), the predominated maxillofacial emergencies were those associated to maxillofacial trauma (31.8%), followed by facial cellulitis (23.7%). In terms of treatment, the highest percentage of conservative treatment was associated with the medicamentation (88.3 %), while wound suturing practice predominated in surgical treatment (18.2 %). The symptom with the highest incidence was fever (3.4 %). The 61.5 % of the maxillofacial surgeons were infected with COVID-19. Conclusions: Maxillofacial emergencies are more frequent in males; maxillofacial trauma and facial cellulitis predominate. The maxillofacial surgery service is vulnerable to the coronavirus infection.

RESUMO Introdução: Na pandemia do COVID-19, novas medidas foram implementadas em todos os setores, uma delas foi na especialidade de Cirurgia Buco Maxilo Facial, onde o atendimento aos pacientes de urgência não foi interrompido. Objetivo: Caracterizar as emergências bucomaxilofaciais atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas Cirúrgicas "Celia Sánchez Manduley" de Manzanillo, durante a situação epidemiológica causada pelo COVID-19. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, realizado em 358 pacientes, entre setembro de 2020 e abril de 2021. Foram estudadas as variáveis: faixa etária, sexo, mês de atendimento, motivo da emergência bucomaxilofacial, conduta terapêutica e pacientes com sintomas relacionados ao COVID-19. Resultados: A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 60 anos e mais (22,6%), com predomínio do sexo masculino (54,2%). A maioria dos pacientes foi atendida nos meses de novembro e dezembro (20,3%), as emergências bucomaxilofaciais que prevaleceram foram traumatismos bucomaxilofaciais (31,8%), seguidas de celulite facial (23,7%). Em relação à conduta terapêutica, no tratamento conservador o tratamento medicamentoso teve maior percentual (88,3%), enquanto no tratamento cirúrgico prevaleceu a sutura das feridas (18,2%). O sintoma com maior incidência foi a febre (3,4%). 61,5% dos cirurgiões maxilofaciais foram infectados com COVID-19. Conclusões: As emergências maxilofaciais são mais frequentes no sexo masculino, predominam traumas maxilofaciais e celulite facial. O serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial está vulnerável à infecção por coronavírus.

Estrategias para la medición y el manejo de la sobreocupación de los servicios de urgencias de adultos en instituciones de alta complejidad con altos volúmenes de consulta. Revisión de la literature / Strategies for the measurement and management of overcrowding in the adult emergency services of high complexity and high consultation volumes hospitals. A literature review

RESUMEN La sobreocupación de los servicios de urgencias es un problema global que cada vez afecta más las instituciones de salud que atienden pacientes de mediana y alta complejidad, haciendo que estos permanezcan más tiempo en una sala de espera con la consiguiente demora en los tiempos de atención, bajo nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios, retraso en la toma de ayudas diagnósticas, retrasos al definir altas del servicio y favorecimiento de complicaciones médicas, entre otros. Para mejorar esta situación se han desarrollado estrategias como la creación de unidades de observación, unidades fast track o asignación de citas prioritarias para los pacientes que no requieren una atención urgente, de modo adicional el triaje, los exámenes point of care y la vinculación de especialistas en medicina de urgencias. Todo esto con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la atención de los pacientes, evitar que se presenten eventos adversos durante su proceso y disminuir la sobreocupación del servicio.

SUMMARY The over-occupation of emergency services is a global problem that has worsened in recent years. In the health institutions that serve patients of medium and high complexity, the attention of the patients is delayed and they can stay longer in a waiting room presenting longer attention times, a low level of satisfaction of the patients and users, delay in taking diagnostic aids and in defining discharge, medical complications and progression of their diseases, among others. To improve this situation, strategies have been developed such as the creation of observation units, fast track units or assignment of priority appointments for patients who do not require urgent attention, triage, point-of-care examinations and the involvement of specialists in emergency medicine. All of this in order to improve the quality of patient care, avoid adverse events during their process and reduce the over-occupation of the service.

[Haemophilia: Reasons for visits to the paediatric emergency department]. / Hemofilia: naturaleza de las visitas a urgencias pediátricas.

INTRODUCTION: Haemophilia is a rare disease and its management can pose a challenge to Emergency Department paediatricians. AIM: To describe the frequency and reasons for consultation by haemophilic children in the ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal retrospective study was conducted in a paediatric Emergency Department of a tertiary care hospital. The study included haemophiliacs A and B, ages 0 to 16 years old, and who had consulted the Emergency Department for whatever reason over a span of 6 years (2011-2016). The data analysed include: age, type and severity of haemophilia, reason for query, prophylactic status, complementary examinations, established diagnosis, treatment, and number of visits to the Emergency Department. RESULTS: The analysis included 116 males with a total of 604 Emergency Department visits. The mean age was 5.5 years, and the median age was 5.3 years. A total of 101 patients were categorised as haemophiliac A (38 mild, 4 moderate, 59 severe), and 15 as haemophiliac B (9 mild, 3 moderate, 3 severe). The main reasons for initial Emergency Department visits (ranked by triage) were: musculoskeletal problems/injury or bleeding (66.7%), causes unrelated to haemophilia (29%), suspected central venous catheter related infection (2.8%), and routine clotting factor infusion (1.5%). Additional tests were conducted during 335 visits (55.5%). Factor replacement was undertaken in 317 visits (52.5%). A total of 103 episodes (17.1%) required hospital admission, due to: head trauma (35.9%), central venous catheter -related infection (13.6%), haemarthrosis (8.7%), muscle haematoma (6.8%), and haematuria (5.8%). CONCLUSION: Haemophilic patients went to the Emergency Department for common paediatric causes, but also requested consultation on specific problems related to haemophilia, with musculoskeletal problems/injury or bleeding being the main issues. The paediatric Emergency Department is an indispensable component of haemophilia care.