RESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo es el de revisar la investigación sobre la teoría del apego durante la vejez en los últimos 10 años, con la finalidad de obtener: a) la prevalencia de los diferentes tipos de apego, b) la descripción de los métodos de evaluación, c) la relación que se establece entre el apego y otras variables psicosociales y de salud, en el proceso de envejecimiento. Una búsqueda sistemática en PsycINFO, PsycArticles, WOS y Scopus identificó 17 estudios, en los que se había evaluado el apego en una población de 7.118 adultos mayores. Los resultados presentan una clara evolución y algunas diferencias respecto a la anterior revisión sistemática del año 2010. Respecto a la prevalencia de los diferentes tipos de apego, el apego seguro y el apego evitativo son más frecuentes en la vejez que en la adultez o en la juventud. No existe consenso sobre los instrumentos utilizados para la evaluación, y se presentan resultados que asocian el apego inseguro con la depresión, satisfacción vital, enfermedad física y soledad. El constructo del apego aparece como una variable explicativa y mediadora, directamente implicada en la psicología y psicopatología de la vejez (AU)
The aim of this paper is to review the research on attachment theory during old age in the last 10 years, in order to obtain: a) the prevalence of different types of attachment, b) the assessment of attachment methods, c) the relationship established between attachment and other psychosocial and health variables in the aging process. A systematic search of PsycINFO, PsycArticles, WOS, and Scopus identified 17 studies, in which attachment had been assessed in a population of 7118 older adults. The results of this research present a clear evolution and some differences, with respect to the previous systematic 2010 review. Regarding the prevalence of the different types of attachment, it is confirmed that secure attachment and avoidant attachment are more abundant in old age than in adulthood or youth people. There is no consensus on the instruments used for the evaluation, and results are presented that associate insecure attachment with depression, life satisfaction, physical illness and loneliness. The attachment construct appears as an explanatory and mediating variable, directly involved in the psychology and psychopathology of old age (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Solidão/psicologia , Idoso/psicologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The aim of this paper is to review the research on attachment theory during old age in the last 10 years, in order to obtain: a) the prevalence of different types of attachment, b) the assessment of attachment methods, c) the relationship established between attachment and other psychosocial and health variables in the aging process. A systematic search of PsycINFO, PsycArticles, WOS, and Scopus identified 17 studies, in which attachment had been assessed in a population of 7118 older adults. The results of this research present a clear evolution and some differences, with respect to the previous systematic 2010 review. Regarding the prevalence of the different types of attachment, it is confirmed that secure attachment and avoidant attachment are more abundant in old age than in adulthood or youth people. There is no consensus on the instruments used for the evaluation, and results are presented that associate insecure attachment with depression, life satisfaction, physical illness and loneliness. The attachment construct appears as an explanatory and mediating variable, directly involved in the psychology and psychopathology of old age.
