Prognostic factors of pediatric pineal region tumors at a single institution.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify factors of a worse prognosis among different histological types of pineal region tumors in pediatric patients treat at a single institution in a 30-year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pediatric patients (151; < 18 years of age) treated between 1991 and 2020 were analyzed. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves were created, and the log-rank test was used to compare the main prognostic factors in the different histological types. RESULTS: Germinoma was found in 33.1%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 88%; the female sex was the only factor of a worse prognosis. Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors were found in 27.1%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 67.2%; metastasis upon diagnosis, residual tumor, and the absence of radiotherapy were associated with a worse diagnosis. Pineoblastoma was found in 22.5%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 40.7%; the male sex was the only factor of a worse prognosis; a tendency toward a worse outcome was found in patients < 3 years of age and those with metastasis upon diagnosis. Glioma was identified in 12.5%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 72.6%; high-grade gliomas were associated with a worse prognosis. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors was found in 3.3%, and all patients died within a 19-month period. CONCLUSION: Pineal region tumors are characterized by the heterogeneity of histological types, which exert an influence on the outcome. Knowledge of the prognostic factors for each histological types is of extreme importance to the determination of guided multidisciplinary treatment.

Tumor rabdoide teratoide en paciente pediátrico: reporte de caso / Teratoid rhabdoid tumor in pediatric patient: case report

El tumor Rabdoide/Teratoide atípico (AT/RT) representa un subtipo tumoral primario de sistema nervioso central bastante raro, con un alto grado de malignidad y de pobre pronóstico (grado IV según OMS) encontrándose principalmente en niños menores de 3 años sin antecedentes de importancia y con cuadros clínicos bastante insidiosos que representa un reto en cuanto al diagnóstico y tratamiento teniendo en cuenta la limitada cantidad de casos reportados a nivel mundial, así como poca literatura disponible. Presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 23 meses de edad quien ingresa al servicio de urgencias del Hospital Militar Central (Bogotá, Colombia) en coma con midriasis izquierda, deshidratación grado 2, con escanografía cerebral simple de ingreso donde se observa lesión ligeramente isodensa fronto parieto occipital izquierda con sangrado intralesional que ejerce importante efecto de masa desplazando la línea media 22 mm y produce herniación del uncus, paraclínicos que reportan anemia, trombocitopenia y tiempos de coagulación prolongados, por lo cual se decide ingresar a salas de cirugía como urgencia vital realizando resección de lesión macroscópica de aspecto grisáceo, muy vascularizada, similar al tejido cerebral con sangrado fácil y muy difícil de controlar. 72 horas después requiere nueva intervención quirúrgica por inestabilidad hemodinámica durante el postoperatorio encontrando lesión de similares características, se envían muestras a patología reportando diagnóstico patológico definitivo: tumor Teratoide Rabdoide atípico grado IV OMS.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) represents a subtype of malignant CNS neoplasms quite rare, with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis (WHO grade IV) found mainly in children younger than 3 years old without medical history of diseases and with Clinical characteristics quite insidious that represents a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment taking into account the limited number of cases reported, as well as little literature available. We report a 23 months of age female who is admitted to the emergency room of the Central Military Hospital (Bogotá, Colombia) in coma with mydriasis, dehydration, In the cranial scan showed injury slightly isodensa fronto-parieto-occipital left with intralesional bleeding that exerts important mass effect by moving the Midline of the brain 22 mm and produces herniation of the uncus, paraclinical reported anemia, thrombocytopenia and prolonged coagulation times, by which it decides to enter rooms for surgery making resection of macroscopic lesion of grayish look, highly vascularized, similar to the brain tissue with easy bleeding and very difficult to control. 72 hours after requires new surgical intervention for hemodynamic instability during the postoperative period finding similar lesion characteristics, samples are sent to Pathology reporting final pathological diagnosis: tumor atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid WHO grade IV by OMS.

Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor in a Child: Case Report / Tumor teratóide rabdóide atípico emuma criança: relato de caso

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare and aggressive type of embryonal tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) occurring in childhood. The present study aims to describe the case of a 16-year-old girl who presented with an occipital mass lesion that was diagnosed as ATRT.We present a brief review of the current knowledge of the treatment of this rare neoplasm. A previously healthy 16-year-old girl was referred after two episodes of partial complex seizure 2 weeks before admission. MRI showed a right parieto-occipital lesion with homogeneous contrast-enhancing and significant surrounding brain edema. The patient underwent uneventful surgical resection of the lesion and was discharged home on the fifth postoperative day. Pathologic examination revealed it to be ATRT. The patient was referred to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. After 6 months of follow-up, the patient remains free of seizure and disease progression. ATRT is a rare and aggressive disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment may improve the patient's prognosis and quality of life.

O tumor teratoide rabdoide atípico (TTRA) é um tipo de neoplasia rara, com comportamento maligno, que atinge o sistema nervoso central (SNC) de crianças. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar o caso de uma paciente de 16 anos de idade admitida no nosso serviço com uma lesão occipital que revelou tratar-se de TTRA em estudo anatomopatológico. Uma paciente previamente hígida foi admitida no nosso serviço referindo ocorrência de dois episódios de crises convulsivas nas últimas 2 semanas. A ressonância magnética de crânio mostrou a presença de lesão occipital direita com captação homogênea do meio de contraste. A paciente foi submetida a cirurgia de ressecção da lesão expansiva sem intercorrências. A análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica revelou tratar-se de TTRA. A paciente foi encaminhada para a realização de quimioterapia e radioterapia complementares ao tratamento cirúrgico. Após 6 meses de seguimento ambulatorial, a paciente encontra-se assintomática, sem recorrência das crises convulsivas e/ou progressão radiológica da doença. TTRA é uma doença rara e agressiva. Com isso, diagnóstico e tratamento antecipados podem aprimorar prognóstico e qualidade de vida dos pacientes.