RESUMO
Se registra Liolaemus warjantay para el departamento de Ayacucho, una especie conocida anteriormente solo para Arequipa. La nueva población es identificada en base a secuencias de ADN y se muestra su variación morfométrica y merística. También, se realizan comentarios sobre las especies recientemente descritas del grupo montanus de Perú.
Liolaemus warjantay is recorded in the Ayacucho department, a species previously known only from Arequipa. The new population is identified based on DNA sequences, also its morphometric and meristic variability is presented. Additionally, comments are made regarding recently described species within the montanus group in Peru.
RESUMO
We describe a new harlequin frog (genus Atelopus) from the cloud forest near Anchihuay (Anco District, Ayacucho Department) from 2000 to 2150 m elevation in southern Peru, representing the first record for the genus in the Department of Ayacucho. The new species has a maximum snout-vent length of 21.5 mm in females and 21.6 mm in males, and resembles A. erythropus in general appearance, small size, and dorsal coloration. The new species can be distinguished from A. erythropus by its unique pattern of ventral coloration, dorsal skin texture, and snout shape. We detected the presence of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in individuals of the new species. This pathogen is threatening the survival of harlequin frogs throughout the Neotropics. In addition to chytridiomycosis, habitat loss further threatens the single locality where the new species is known to occur.
Assuntos
Anuros , Bufonidae , Animais , Ecossistema , Feminino , Florestas , Masculino , PeruRESUMO
El presente estudio registra el uso, conocimiento tradicional y distribucioÌn de la flora silvestre en las ocho comunidades campesinas andinas que rodean al Santuario HistoÌrico de la Pampa de Ayacucho, ubicada en el distrito de Quinua, PeruÌ. La metodologiÌa se basoÌ en la recoleccioÌn de la flora silvestre utilizada por los pobladores, entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas. Se reportan 137 especies utilizadas, agrupadas en 49 familias y 101 geÌneros, siendo las familias Asteraceae, Poaceae y Fabaceae las de mayor nuÌmero de especies, con 34, 11 y 9 especies respectivamente. Las especies fueron clasificadas en nueve categoriÌas de usos, siendo las categoriÌas Medicinal (91 especies), Social (46 especies) y Alimenticio (35 especies) las maÌs representativas por el nuÌmero de especies que presentan. Se concluye que los pobladores del aÌrea de estudio auÌn conservan el conocimiento tradicional de sus recursos vegetales, evidenciado en el nuÌmero de especies y en la diversidad de usos que presentan.
This study records the use, traditional knowledge and distribution of the wild flora in the eight Andean rural communities surrounding the Pampa de Ayacucho Historic Sanctuary, placed in the Quinua District, Peru. The methodology was based on the collection of the wild flora used by local people, open and semi-structured interviews. A total of 137 species used, grouped in 49 families and 101 genera, were registered; Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae are the families with the highest number of species, with 34, 11 and 9 species respectively. The species were classified into nine categories of uses; being the categories Medicinal (91 species), Social (46 species) and Food (35 species) being the most representative by the number of species present. We conclude that people living in the study area still maintaining the traditional knowledge of their vegetal resources, evidenced by the number of species and the diversity of uses that they present.
Assuntos
Humanos , Flora , Etnobotânica , Peru , Zona Rural , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reservas Naturais , Biodiversidade , Meio SelvagemRESUMO
El control del Aedes aegypti (vector principal del Dengue), se dificulta por la extensión y heterogeneidad de los barrios donde se encuentran los criaderos, la carencia de acceso permanente a servicios públicos y por la ausencia de vigilancia epidemiológica estricta y constante. Se registraron 2.603 casos de dengue confirmados por IgM-dengue, durante el período 1995-2010. El estudio se realizó en Puerto Ayacucho, capital del estado Amazonas con 98.824 habitantes. Los casos confirmados se agruparon de acuerdo con la localización de su residencia. La información se representó espacialmente para analizar los patrones espacio-temporales del dengue, estableciéndose una estratificación de la ciudad. La prevalencia de dengue mostró una correlación positiva con la persistencia por barrio, lo que permitió agruparlos en dos clases: (1) alta prevalencia y persistencia, con 66% de los casos confirmados, y (2) baja prevalencia y persistencia, con 34% de los casos. Se demuestra que en Puerto Ayacucho existen focos calientes o de mayor transmisión y focos fríos o de transmisión transitoria. En conjunto, los barrios incluidos en la categoría de alta prevalencia y persistencia representan 65,1% del área urbana. Este es el espacio geográfico en el cual recomendamos concentrar los esfuerzos de control. La estratificación de la ciudad e identificación de los barrios productores de casos, mostrando las áreas donde es más probable la transmisión del virus, permitirá concentrar los esfuerzos para mitigarla. El enfoque de las actividades de control basado en una estratificación, permite dirigir los programas hacia áreas más problemáticas.
Control of Aedes aegypti is difficult to perform due to the extent and variety of neighborhoods where the breeding grounds are found, the lack of permanent access to public services, and to the absence of a strict and constant epidemiological surveillance. 2,603 confirmed dengue cases (IgM-dengue) were recorded during the 1995-2010 period. This study was carried out in Puerto Ayacucho, main city of Amazonas State, Venezuela, with 98,824 inhabitants. Confirmed cases of individuals affected were grouped according to the location of their residence. Information is spatially represented to analyze space-time patterns of dengue, establishing a stratification of the city. The prevalence of dengue showed a positive correlation with the persistence per neighborhood, allowing to group the neighborhoods into two classes: (1) High prevalence and persistence, with 66% of the confirmed cases, and (2) low prevalence and persistence, with 34% cases. The study shows there are "hot spots" or higher transmission areas, and "cold spots" or transient transmission areas in Puerto Ayacucho. All the neighborhoods included in the category of high prevalence and persistence represent 65.1% of the urban area. This is the geographical area in which we recommend to concentrate control efforts. The stratification of the city and the identification of case-producing neighborhoods, showing the areas where virus transmission is most likely, will permit concentrating efforts to mitigate it. Focus of control activities based on a stratification study allows directing programs to most problematic areas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Aedes/virologia , Dengue/transmissão , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Saúde Pública , Saneamento Básico/prevenção & controleRESUMO
We describe a new lizard species of the genus Potamites from the montane forests of the Cordillera de Vilcabamba (Cusco region) and Apurimac River valley (Ayacucho region), between 1500 and 2000 meters of elevation, in southern Peru. The new species is distinguishable from all other species of the genus mainly by having highly keeled scattered scales on dorsum and females lacking femoral pores.