Developing a model of information transfer practice between institutions targeted at primary health care patients who are asymptomatic carriers of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriacae.

BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant bacteria are one of the main reasons of deaths worldwide. A significant group of these bacteria are carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). The goal of this study was to develop a diagnostic and therapeutic model targeted at asymptomatic carriers of CPE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A team of experts from different branches connected to health care, discussing the topic based on the data collected from previous research. Working sessions were dispersed between June and December 2022. The consensus has been reached via repeated discussion and literature search. RESULTS: The facility where CPE are detected is required to create an alert pathogen note and to notify sanitary-epidemiological station and National Reference Centre for Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microorganisms - neither these institutions, nor the patient are required to notify the primary care physician. In primary care clinics, it is possible to work towards breaking the transmission of CPE by educating patients with CPE and persons who were in contact with them, and to undertake actions in order to look for patients with risk factors for CPE colonisation. In order to improve communication between individual levels of the health care system, standardised information could be introduced to the discharge note about a case of CPE, which will be electronically transmitted to the primary care facility. It might contribute to effective combating of the spread of CPE, by serving as a source of knowledge and education for patients and by checking the patient's risk factors, which will improve the performance of tests for CPE colonisation. CONCLUSIONS: The established model of good practice requires a change of legal regulations and its implementation, which will reduce the spread of CPE in health care facilities and will enable its future improvement. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(4):263-70.

Postoperative infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction caused by Finegoldia magna: a case report / 中华骨科杂志

One case of knee infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction caused by the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Finegoldia magna was reported. The patient was admitted to hospital due to fever and knee joint swelling and pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Through medical history, physical examination, imaging examination and next-generation sequencing, it was confirmed that the infection was caused by Finegoldia magna. Through literature review, 37 literatures on infectious diseases caused by Finegoldia magna was retrieved and analyzed, and the identification points of anaerobic bacteria, the application of second-generation sequencing technology and the treatment status of infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were reviewed. The incidence of infection after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is low, while anaerobic infection is even more rare and difficult to culture. The next-generation sequencing can be used to assist the diagnosis. On the basis of giving priority to the preservation of the reconstructed ligament, the combined use of arthroscopic debridement, irrigation and sensitive antibiotics is the main treatment method.

Concomitant Liver and Brain Abscesses Caused by Parvimonas Micra / 대한소화기학회지

Anaerobic infections have been reported to be responsible for 3–10% of pyogenic liver abscesses in Korea, and reported anaerobes include Fusobacterium, Bacillus fragilis, and Bacteroides melaninogenicus. Parvimonas micra is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial species and a constituent of normal flora on skin, vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and oral cavity that can cause opportunistic infections. However, it has only rarely been reported to be a cause of liver abscess; only one such case has been reported in Korea. We experienced a case of concomitant liver and brain abscesses caused by Parvimonas micra in a non-immunodeficient 65-year-old female patient without diabetes or periodontal disease. Parvimonas micra infection was confirmed by blood culture using VITEK® 2 cards and by bacterial 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We conclude that we should not overlook anaerobes as a cause of liver abscess.

[Etiological and drug sensitivity analysis of lacrimal canaliculitis].

Objective: To analyze the etiology and drug sensitivity of lacrimal canaliculitis. Methods: Retrospective study of case series. The general information, culture results and drug sensitivity results of 52 patients (including 10 males and 42 females with an average age of 60.3 years) clinically diagnosed with lacrimal canaliculitis during 2011 and 2016 at Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University have been analyzed. The enumeration data have been tested with Chi-square method. Results: The positive rate of bacterial culture was 78.8%, and the fungal culture tests of all cases showed negative results. Sixty strains of bacteria were isolated from 41 patients whose bacterial culture tests showed positive results, Gram-positive bacteria have been confirmed as the main among the isolated bacteria with Streptococcus (18.3%), Propionibacterium (18.3%), and Streptococcus (15.0%) identified as the three common genera. Thirteen cases (25.0%, all the 13 patients were female) involved with mixed infection, 13.3% (8/60) of the isolated strains were multi-drug resistant bacteria. The drug sensitive rate of the bacteria to fluoroquinolones antibiotics(79.3%, 230/290) was higher than that to cephalosporins(62.1%, 36/58) and aminoglycoside antibiotics(56.3%, 98/174), and such differences are of statistical significance (χ(2)=7.977, 27.738, P<0.05). Except for the fact that gram-positive bacteria are mostly sensitive to vancomycin, the sensitive rate of the bacteria to gatifloxacin was the highest and that to tobramycin was the lowest. Conclusion: Lacrimal canaliculitis tend to affect women and elderly patients. Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium, and Streptococcus are the three most common genera. Gatifloxacin may be the preferred antibiotic. Antibiotics combination therapy should be applied for multi-drug resistant bacteria. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 111-114).

[Anaerobic Bacteria with Clinical Relevance: Morphologic and Taxonomic Classification, Distribution among Human Microbiota and Microbiologic Diagnosis]. / Bactérias Anaeróbias com Relevância Clínica: Classificação Taxonómica e Morfológica, Presença na Microbiota Humana e Diagnóstico Microbiológico.

The wide burden of anaerobic bacteria colonizing human body comprises about 90% of its total biomass. The biotic relationship between humans and its microbiota sets reciprocal benefits, albeit with pathogenic potencial for the human being in particular dysbiosis situations. Infections adjacent to or originating from the skin or mucous membranes of the intestinal, genitourinary and upper respiratory tracts are often polymicrobial in nature, whereby should anaerobes be invariably included in the etiological differential diagnosis of these conditions. Gram negative bacilli such as Bacteroides fragilis group, Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp. and Gram positive cocci such as Peptostreptococcus spp. stand out for their high virulence and frequence of isolation in suppurative infections and abcesses with metastatic or contiguous relation to human microbiota. The fastidious nature of anaerobic bacteria, especially of less aerotolerant species, compels to particular techniques of sample collection, transport and cultural isolation that challenge clinicians and microbiologists for a full efficient practice. Such requirements bring on a poor identification of anaerobic bacteria in the clinical practice and undervaluation of its aetiopathogenic potential amongst common polymicrobial infections. An approach over microbial flora's composition in the different human anatomical sites is a primary goal of the present article. Clinicians are intended to recognize the variability and proportion of likely involved anaerobic microorganisms in certain infectious processes related to human microbiota, in order to optimize samples processing and the establishment of an appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, mindful of anaerobic coverage and according to known susceptibility profiles.

A carga de bactérias anaeróbias que colonizam o organismo humano é vasta, correspondendo a cerca de 90% da biomassa humana. A relação biótica entre o ser humano e a sua microbiota configura benefícios recíprocos, embora com potencial patogénico para o Homem em situações de disbiose. Infeções com ponto de partida ou em contiguidade com a pele ou mucosas do trato intestinal, genitourinário ou respiratório alto são frequentemente polimicrobianas, devendo as bactérias anaeróbias ser invariavelmente contempladas no diagnóstico diferencial etiológico destas situações. Bacilos Gram negativo tais como Bacteroides grupo-fragilis, Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp. e cocos Gram positivo tais como Peptostreptococcus spp. destacam-se pelo seu elevado potencial de virulência e alta prevalência de isolamento em infeções supurativas e/ou abcedadas em relação contígua ou metastática com a microbiota humana. A natureza fastidiosa das bactérias anaeróbias, em especial das espécies menos aerotolerantes, condiciona particularidades nas técnicas de colheita, transporte e isolamento cultural que desafiam os clínicos e microbiologistas. Estas exigências contribuem para uma subidentificação das bactérias anaeróbias, subdiagnóstico na prática clínica e subvalorização do seupotencial etiopatogénico em focos de infeção habitualmente polimicrobianos. Conhecer a composição da flora microbiana nos diferentes locais anatómicos é objetivo primário do presente artigo. Pretende-se que os clínicos reconheçam a variabilidade e proporção dosprováveis microorganismos anaeróbios implicados em determinados processos infeciosos relacionados com a microbiota humana, com vista à optimização do processamento laboratorial de amostras e à instituição de uma antibioterapia empírica apropriada, atenta à cobertura de anaeróbios e de acordo com perfis de susceptibilidade conhecidos.

The role of gut microbiota in health and disease: In vitro modeling of host-microbe interactions at the aerobe-anaerobe interphase of the human gut.

The microbiota of the gut has many crucial functions in human health. Dysbiosis of the microbiota has been correlated to a large and still increasing number of diseases. Recent studies have mostly focused on analyzing the associations between disease and an aberrant microbiota composition. Functional studies using (in vitro) gut models are required to investigate the precise interactions that occur between specific bacteria (or bacterial mixtures) and gut epithelial cells. As most gut bacteria are obligate or facultative anaerobes, studying their effect on oxygen-requiring human gut epithelial cells is technically challenging. Still, several (anaerobic) bacterial-epithelial co-culture systems have recently been developed that mimic host-microbe interactions occurring in the human gut, including 1) the Transwell "apical anaerobic model of the intestinal epithelial barrier", 2) the Host-Microbiota Interaction (HMI) module, 3) the "Human oxygen-Bacteria anaerobic" (HoxBan) system, 4) the human gut-on-a-chip and 5) the HuMiX model. This review discusses the role of gut microbiota in health and disease and gives an overview of the characteristics and applications of these novel host-microbe co-culture systems.

Septic Arthritis Caused by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Bacteremia in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma / 대한내과학회지

Septic arthritis is rarely caused by anaerobic bacteria, which is mostly secondary to hematogenous dissemination among the immunocompromised host. We report a patient of septic arthritis on the right knee joint caused by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. To the best of knowledge, this is the first report of septic arthritis caused by Bacteroides spp. in Korea.

Oral Microbiota, Periodontal Status, and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females.

BACKGROUND: Alterations in hormone levels during menopause decrease bone density and may worsen oral health, favoring the growth of periodontal pathogens, whose detection could improve the diagnosis of periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect and quantify the main periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of postmenopausal females and to explore the relationship between clinical and periodontal parameters. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study of 76 postmenopausal females. Dental examinations and sampling for microbiologic evaluation were performed, and a history of osteoporosis/osteopenia was collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting and quantifying Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf). The results obtained were subjected to statistical analyses. Statistical significance was defined as P <0.05. RESULTS: Periodontitis was detected in 77.1% of females with osteoporosis/osteopenia (P >0.05). A significant correlation was found between osteoporosis and missing teeth. T. forsythia and C. rectus were detected in 100% of the samples, Fn and Pg in 98.7%, and Aa in 73.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoporosis did not influence the prevalence of periodontitis among postmenopausal females. The presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria was not sufficient to confirm disease. A preventive maintenance program for postmenopausal females, particularly osteoporotic females, who are at greater risk of tooth loss, could minimize the potential effects of bone loss on periodontal tissues.

Application of anaerobic bacteria detection in oral and maxillofacial infection / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of anaerobic bacteria in the patients with oral and maxillofacial infection.Methods:Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria cultures from 61 specimens of pus from the patients with oral and maxillofacial infection in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,Peking University School of Stomatology were identified.The culture type was evaluated by API 20A kit and drug resistance test was performed by Etest method.The clinical data and antibacterial agents for the treatment of the 61 cases were collected,and the final outcomes were recor-ded.Results:The bacteria cultures were isolated from all the specimens,with aerobic bacteria only in 6 cases (9 .8%),anaerobic bacteria only in 7 cases (1 1 .5%),and both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 48 cases (78.7%).There were 55 infected cases (90.2%)with anaerobic bacteria,and 81 anaero-bic bacteria stains were isolated.The highest bacteria isolation rate of Gram positive anaerobic bacteria could be found in Peptostreptococcus,Bifidobacterium and Pemphigus propionibacterium.No cefoxitin, amoxicillin/carat acid resistant strain was detected in the above three Gram positive anaerobic bacteria. The highest bacteria isolation rate of Gram negative anaerobic bacteria could be detected in Porphy-romonas and Prevotella.No metronidazole,cefoxitin,amoxicillin/carat acid resistant strain was found in the two Gram negative anaerobic bacteria.In the study,48 patients with oral and maxillofacial infection were treated according to the results of drug resistance testing,and the clinical cure rate was 81 .3%. Conclusion:Mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria cultures are very common in most oral and maxillofa-cial infection patients.Anaerobic bacteria culture and drug resistance testing play an important role in clinical treatment.

An investigation of the presence of specific anaerobic species in necrotic primary teeth

Different microbial identification methods have shown that the microbial community profiles in endodontic infections are diverse and assorted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of selected endodontic pathogens in the pulp chambers (PCs) and root canals (RCs) of infected primary teeth using PCR methods. Paired PC and RC samples were collected from 15 subjects and analyzed by PCR for the presence of Filifactor alocis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella tannerae, Tanerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii. The frequency of each species was determined in the PC and RC of each case. The species most frequently detected in PCs were P. nigrescens (86.7%), P. gingivalis (73.3%), and F. alocis (73.3%). Of the PC samples, 13.3% contained P. micra and T. denticola, and 6.7% contained T. forsythia. The species most frequently detected in RCs were P. gingivalis (100%) and P. nigrescens (93.3%). P. tannerae, P. micra, and T. denticola were found in 40% of the RC samples; T. forsythia was found in 26.7% of the RC samples. The “red complex”, which comprises P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia, was not found in the PC of any tooth but was found in 30% of the RC samples. The detection of P. nigrescens in the PC was statistically associated with the presence of P. nigrescens in the RC (p = 0.04). The results suggest high heterogeneity among the samples, even among those from the same subject.

Genitourinary skin and soft tissue infections: a prospective contemporary evaluation of causative pathogens.

PURPOSE: Prior literature identified anaerobes as the predominant causative organisms in genitourinary skin and soft tissue infections. However, the increasing prevalence of community acquired, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection has brought about the growing need to reevaluate these infections and their causative organisms. We examined the causative organisms and risk factors in suppurative superficial genitourinary infections, and evaluated the growing role of community acquired, methicillin resistant S. aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a single institution, prospective assessment of 60 adults who presented between August 2008 and July 2010 with genitourinary skin and soft tissue infections requiring incision and drainage. Patients completed a standardized, nonvalidated questionnaire before undergoing débridement of the site. RESULTS: A total of 60 patient specimens were obtained and 92 bacterial pathogens were isolated. Of these pathogens 55% were aerobes. S. aureus was the most predominant cultured organism, representing 25% of all cultured organisms, and 65% of these isolates were community acquired, methicillin resistant S. aureus. The most commonly associated comorbidities included diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol use. HIV/AIDS showed a statistically significant association with community acquired, methicillin resistant S. aureus infection (OR 11.00, 95% CI 1.05-115.51, p = 0.0456), as did the cumulative number of community acquired, methicillin resistant S. aureus risk factors (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.31-5.33, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic organisms now account for most of these infections and community acquired, methicillin resistant S. aureus has emerged as a significant causative organism. Populations that may be at increased risk for these infections include patients with diabetes mellitus, heavy alcohol users and tobacco smokers. In patients with HIV/AIDS or multiple community acquired, methicillin resistant S. aureus risk factors the latter organism is more likely to be the causative organism.

Study of the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine in dental unit water: evaluation of microbial contamination in the dental office / Estudo da capacidade antimicrobiana da clorexidina na água do equipamento odontológico: avaliação de contaminação microbiana em ambiente odontológico

Objective: The aim of this study to count anaerobic bacteria before and after the use of dental equipment and to study the influence of chlorhexidine on the dental unit reservoir water. Methods: Sterile swabs were used to collect bacterial samples from the cuspidor, lights, syringes, low-and high speed handpieces and dental chairs (arms and backrest) before and after the placement of barriers. Blood agar plates were placed on the patient's and dentist's forehead and by the patient's nose and shoulder and exposed to aerosoils without (group 1) and with 0,5% (group 2) and 1,0% (group 3) chlorhexidine generated by the high speed handpiece. Ten aerosol samples were collected for each group. A sample of 1mL of the dental unit reservoir water was collected before and after the use of the high speed handpiece. The anaerobic bacterial counts were compared by the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The contamination of the high speed handpiece (p=0,0431) and cuspidor (p=0,0117) increased significantly after use. Contamination in the dental unit reservoir water also increased significantly after use of the high speed handpiece. The most contaminated area was the patient's nose. Conclusion: The addition of 0,5% and 1,0% chlorhexidine in the dental office sifnificantly.

ObjetivoO objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar as bactérias anaeróbicas, antes e após o uso deequipamentos odontológicos e estudar a influência da clorexidina na água doreservatório.MétodosOs seguintes itens foram avaliados: cuspideira, luzes, seringas, baixa e alta rotação,braço da cadeira e do encosto com coleções realizadas antes e após a colocação debarreiras. A contaminação microbiana causada pelos aerossóis de alta rotação tambémfoi avaliada: Grupo 1 (controle): (100%) de água no reservatório; Grupo 2: água noreservatório contendo 0,5% de clorexidina, Grupo 3: água no reservatório contendo1,0% de clorexidina. Dez amostras de aerossol foram recolhidos a partir de cadagrupo: placas de ágar-sangue foram colocadas na testa do paciente e do dentista e nonariz e ombro do paciente. Amostra de 1mL a partir do conteúdo da água no reservatóriofoi medida antes e após a utilização de alta rotação. Comparações entre bactériasanaeróbias foram feitas com o uso de Wilcoxon e Kruskal-Wallis teste estatístico.ResultadosVerificou-se um aumento significativo na contaminação antes e após o procedimentoutilizando alta rotação (p=0,0431) e na cuspideira (p=0,0117). Foi possível observarum aumento significativo de contaminação microbiana na água do reservatório, apósa sua utilização. O nariz do paciente era a área mais afetada.ConclusãoA adição de 0,5% e 1,0% de clorexidina no reservatório representa uma reduçãosignificativa de contaminação microbiana gerado no ambiente de um consultório odontológico.

Avaliação periodontal clínica e microbiológica em mães de prematuros: estudo caso-controle / Clinical and microbiological periodontal evaluation in mothers of preterm birth: case control study

Objetivo: Determinar os parâmetros clínicos periodontais e a frequência de bactérias periodontopatogênicas no biofilme subgengival de mães de prematuros comparativamente às mães de bebês a termo. Método: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle envolvendo 40 mulheres. Foram incluídas 20 mães de prematuros no grupo caso, enquanto no grupo controle foram incluídas 20 mães de bebês a termo. Em até 48 horas após o parto, as participantes do estudo foram submetidas a uma entrevista, contendo dados de identificação, sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, história gestacional atual e pregressa, e um exame periodontal, onde foram coletados dados de profundidade de sondagem, sangramento à sondagem, Índice de placa e perda de inserção periodontal. Na análise microbiológica do biofilme subgengival foram analisadas as bactérias Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, realizada através da técnica da PCR convencional. Resultados: As médias da perda de inserção clínica e sangramento à sondagem mostraram-se significativamente superiores nas mães de bebês prematuros (p=0,049; p= 0,031, respectivamente). A Porphyromonas gingivalis mostrou-se significativamente mais frequente no grupo caso (p= 0,044). Conclusão: Sugere-se que a inflamação e perda de inserção periodontal bem como a presença da Porphyromonas gingivalis no biofilme subgengival possam estar associados à prematuridade.

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine periodontopathogens samples frequency in subgingival biofilm of pre-term delivery newborn mothers in comparison to women who experienced full-term delivery. Method: Twenty pre-term delivery newborn mothers and 20 women with full-term pregnancy were included in groups case and control, respectively. Up to forty-eight hours after the delivery, the patients were submitted to an interview, including identification, actual and late pregnancy history , life habits and a periodontal examination, which included probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index and clinical attachment loss. Microbiological analysis of the subgingival biofilm was carried out by conventional PCR technique to evaluate Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Results: Clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing means were significantly higher at case group (p=0.049; p = 0.031, respectively). Porphyromonas gingivalis was most frequent at the same group, with a significant difference (p=0.044). Periodontal disease was not associated to pre-term delivery. Conclusion: It can be suggested that periodontal tissues inflammation and the clinical attachment loss, as well as Porphyromonas gingivalis presence in subgingival biofilm may be associated to prematurity.

Anaerobic bacteria in solid tumor treatment / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Anaerobic bacteria can selectively colonize and cause oncolysis in hypoxic and necrotic areas of solid tumors. Gene-modified anaerobic bacteria is effective gene vector and has tumor targeting and antitumor capabilities,and can be used as strong and potential anti-tumor agent. Combination of anaerobic bacteria and conventional anti-tumor therapies has been a new strategy.

Research progress on anaerobic bacteria in tuomr gene therapy / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Hypoxic metabolism in solid tumor reduces chemoradiotherapy effect and become the obstacle in tumor therapy. Gene therapy is the most promising tumor treatment method, but currently using carriers cannot target tumors accurately. Anaerobic bacteria has become the transferring carrier in tumor gene therapy because it has tendency to hypoxia in solid tumors and can target solid tumors more accurately.

Multicenter randomized controlled clinical study on levornidazole and sodium chloride injection in the treatment of pelvic anaerobic infections / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of levornidazole in the treatment of pelvic anaerobic infections. Methods A multicenter randomized controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of levornidazole. One hundred and fourty-three patients with pelvic anaerobic bacteria infection were classified into 70 cases treated by levornidazole in study group and 73 cases treated by Ornidazole in control group. Those patients in two groups were both administered at a dose of 0. 5 g twice daily for 5 - 7 days. The rate of clinical efficacy, bacteria clearance and adverse effect were recorded and compared between two groups. Results At the endpoint, the rate of clinical efficacy were 80% (56/70) in study group and 81% (59/73) in control group, which did not reach significant difference (P＞0. 05). The rate of bacteria clearance were 97% (36/37) in study group and 92% (22/24) in control group, which also did not reach significant difference(P ＞0. 05). The rate of adverse reaction of 3% (20/70) in study group was significantly lower than 22% ( 16/73 ) in control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion It is effective and safe to treat pelvic anaerobic infections with levornidazole and sodium chloride injection.

Infection following orthopaedic implants and bone surgery

Forty-seven patients were investigated for early or late postoperative infections of orthopaedic implants and/or bone. A total of 88 isolates were recovered [64 aerobes and 24 anaerobes]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most common causative agents. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 16 [34%] patients; 50% of patients with late-onset infection and 10.5% with early-onset infection. In 6 [12.8%] patients, infection was with anaerobic organisms alone. All these patients had retained an extramedullary internal fixation device. Anaerobic microorganisms appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of late-onset postoperative infection, especially where there is an extramedullary internal fixation device

Distribution of anaerobes infection in gingivitis and comparative in vitro activity of ?-lactamase / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To understand the distribution of anaerobes in gingivitis infection, and anaerobes sensitivity to ? lastams Methods 44 specimens were taken from the gingival crevicular fluid of gingivitis. The anaerobic bacteria were cultured and identified Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured by using agar dilution method Results Among all samples, the isolation of anaerobes was 100%, the isolation of P.melaninogenica was 86.4%, P.intermedia was 56.8%, B.forsythus was 52.3%, P.gingivalis was 65.9%, F.mucleatum was 63.6%, P.micros was 52.3%, Actinomyces ssp was 38.6% and Capnocytophaga ssp was 9.1% respectively. The anaerobes are sensitive to ? lastams. Conclusion In gingival crevicular fluid, the infection rates of P.melaninogenica, P.intermedia, B.forsythus, P.gingivalis, F.mucleatum, P.micros, and Actinomyces ssp were significantly higher than those of the other anaerobes. ? lastams can be used for the treatment of anaerobes infected gingivitis.

Controlled comparison of two supplemented aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles to detect simulated bacteremia specimens / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To compare BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic bottles with BacT/ALERT FA aerobic bottles and FN anaerobic bottles in the ability of detecting simulated bacteremia specimens.Methods The 202 pairs of specimens were composed of 5ml sterile blood and defined loads of microorganisms.112 pairs of specimens in them also contained defined doses of antibiotics to simulate the patients undertaking antibiotic therapy.Time-to-detect(TTD)and positive percentages were evaluated in four groups,including aerobic bottles detecting aerobic bacteria,anaerobic bottles detecting anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria,and aerobic bottles contained antibiotics detecting aerobic bacteria.Results The positive percentages of two kinds of aerobic bottles were both 100%.For the specimens with bacterial concentration of 10~2 and 10~3 CFU/ml,average TTDs of BACTEC Plus aerobic bottles[(13.69?3.74)h,(11.54?2.87)h]were faster than those of BacT/ALERT FA bottles [(16.76?5.62)h,(14.47?4.30)h;t=-5.674,-7.294,P

The significance of intensifying the test for anaerobic bacteria in clinical laboratory / 中华检验医学杂志

Anaerobic bacteria are responsible for many cases of infection,but anaerobic bacteria are not detected in most of clinical labs in China yet.It is very important to intensify the test for anaerobic bacteria in clinical laboratory.Attention to detection for anaerobic bacteria should be paid.