Draft genome sequence of Agrobacterium pusense strain CMT1: A promising growth-promoting bacterium isolated from nodules of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) crops for the One Health approach in Paraguay.

Strain CMT1 was isolated from nodules of non-inoculated Roundup Ready (RR) soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merrill), which were collected in fields in Itauguá, Paraguay. The genome of this strain had 338,984,909 bp; 59.2 % G + C content; 377648 bp N50; 5 L50; 55 contigs; 51 RNAs and 5,272 predicted coding DNA sequences (CDS) distributed in 327 subsystems. Based on overall genome-relatedness indices (OGRIs), this strain was taxonomically affiliated with Agrobacterium pusense. Based on genome mining, strain CMT1 is a promising plant growth-promoting bacterium that could be validated in agricultural fields for increasing soybean yield and quality, diminishing the economic, environmental, and health costs of non-sustainable food production.

Bacillus cabrialesii: Five Years of Research on a Novel Species of Biological Control and Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria.

Bacillus cabrialesii is a novel bacterial species isolated from wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) plants in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico, by our research team. Over years of research studying this strain at the cutting-edge level, it has shown different mechanisms of action. B. cabrialesii is strongly reported as a plant-growth-promoting bacterium and a biological control agent on wheat crops. Knowing this, B. cabrialesii has been brought from lab to field as part of a bacterial consortium, not to mention that there are ongoing investigations into formulating a cost-effective bioinoculant to increase the yield and/or quality of wheat. Moreover, studies of this novel species as a biocontrol agent in other crops (pepper, tomato, cucumber, and potato) are being carried out, with preliminary results that make B. cabrialesii a promising biological control agent, inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens. However, research into this bacterium has not only been reported in our country; there are many studies around the world in which promising native Bacillus strains end up being identified as B. cabrialesii, which reaffirms the fact that this bacterial species can promote plant growth and combat phytopathogens, showing great agrobiotechnological potential.

Effect of a native bacterial consortium on growth, yield, and grain quality of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) under different nitrogen rates in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico.

A field experiment was carried out to quantify the effect of a native bacterial inoculant on the growth, yield, and quality of the wheat crop, under different nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates in two agricultural seasons. Wheat was sown under field conditions at the Experimental Technology Transfer Center (CETT-910), as a representative wheat crop area from the Yaqui Valley, Sonora México. The experiment was conducted using different doses of nitrogen (0, 130, and 250 kg N ha-1) and a bacterial consortium (BC) (Bacillus subtilis TSO9, B. cabrialesii subsp. tritici TSO2T, B. subtilis TSO22, B. paralicheniformis TRQ65, and Priestia megaterium TRQ8). Results showed that the agricultural season affected chlorophyll content, spike size, grains per spike, protein content, and whole meal yellowness. The highest chlorophyll and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values, as well as lower canopy temperature values, were observed in treatments under the application of 130 and 250 kg N ha-1 (the conventional Nitrogen dose). Wheat quality parameters such as yellow berry, protein content, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-Sedimentation, and whole meal yellowness were affected by the N dose. Moreover, the application of the native bacterial consortium, under 130 kg N ha-1, resulted in a higher spike length and grain number per spike, which led to a higher yield (+1.0 ton ha-1 vs. un-inoculated treatment), without compromising the quality of grains. In conclusion, the use of this bacterial consortium has the potential to significantly enhance wheat growth, yield, and quality while reducing the nitrogen fertilizer application, thereby offering a promising agro-biotechnological alternative for improving wheat production.

Challenges and opportunities for the production of lactic acid bacteria inoculants aimed for ensiling processes.

The use of bacterial inoculants for ensiling based on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to obtain conserved forages has become an alternative for the improvement of milk and meat productivity in cattle, specifically by optimizing the nutritional and microbial quality of animal feed. LAB inoculant production involves microbial and technological aspects such as biomass obtention, the use of cocultures, the inclusion of probiotics, the production of antimicrobial peptides, operational methods used in bioreactors, and the formulation of the end product to be commercialized to farmers. This review explores the technical aspects of the manufacture of bacterial inoculants, from the main features desired in LAB for ensiling purposes to the alternatives of the bioprocess involved.

Nutritional value of Xaraes and Piata palisadegrass silages preparedwith additives or wilting / Valor nutricional das silagens de capins Xaraes e Piatã emurchecidas ou acrescidas de aditivos

The nutritional value of Xaraes and Piata palisadegrass silages wilted or with additives wasevaluated in a completely randomized design (2x4 factorial arrangement), being two cultivars of Brachiariabrizantha (Xaraes and Piata palisadegrass) and four ensiling methods as treatments: T1- control, in naturaforage (INF); T2 INF wilted for 4 hours under the sun; T3- INF + bacterial additive (BactoSilo®Lallemand) 2 g ton-1 of in natura forage; T4 INF + 15% of pearl millet meal. For ensiling, the grasses wereharvested in the growth stage of 40 days, at 20 cm from the ground level. The addition of the inoculant andmillet meal improved the fermentative and chemical parameters of both cultivars silages, by increasingsoluble carbohydrates (SC), CP and TDN contents and reducing ammonia-nitrogen and pH. Because ofits composition, 15% of millet meal inclusion affected SC, NDF, ADF and increased the IVDDM ofsilages. Bacterial inoculant or millet meal inclusion enhanced the nutritional value of Brachiaria brizanthasilages and, could have a positive performance response on ruminants fed with these silages. Wilting wasalso effective in improving the fermentative stability of grass silages and may be a cheaper alternative to additives.(AU)

O valor nutricional de silagens pré-secadas ou aditivadas dos capins Xarães e Piatã foi avaliado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (esquema fatorial 2x4), sendo duas cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (Xarães e Piatã) e quatro métodos de ensilagem: T1- controle, forragem in natura (FIN); T2- FIN pré-secada ao sol por 4 horas; T3- FIN + aditivo bacteriano (BactoSilo® Lallemand) 2 g t-1 FIN; T4- FIN + 15% de farelo de milheto. Para a ensilagem, os capins foram colhidos no estágio de crescimento de 40 dias, a 20 cm do nível do solo. A adição do inoculante e farelo de milheto melhoraram os parâmetros fermentativos e bromatológicos das silagens, elevando os teores de carboidratos solúveis (CHOS), PB, NDT e reduzindo o nitrogênio amoniacal e pH. Devido a sua composição, a adição de 15% de farelo de milheto, afetou os CHOS, FDN, FDA e incrementou a DIVMS nas silagens. A adição de inoculantes bacterianos ou farelo de milheto melhorou o valor nutricional das silagens de Brachiaria brizantha e, poderiam ter resposta positiva no desempenho de ruminantes alimentados com estas silagens. O pré- emurchecimento foi efetivo no incremento da estabilidade fermentativa de silagens de capim e, pode ser uma alternativa mais econômica aos aditivos.(AU)

Nutritional value of Xaraes and Piata palisadegrass silages preparedwith additives or wilting / Valor nutricional das silagens de capins Xaraes e Piatã emurchecidas ou acrescidas de aditivos

The nutritional value of Xaraes and Piata palisadegrass silages wilted or with additives wasevaluated in a completely randomized design (2x4 factorial arrangement), being two cultivars of Brachiariabrizantha (Xaraes and Piata palisadegrass) and four ensiling methods as treatments: T1- control, in naturaforage (INF); T2 – INF wilted for 4 hours under the sun; T3- INF + bacterial additive (BactoSilo®Lallemand) 2 g ton-1 of in natura forage; T4 – INF + 15% of pearl millet meal. For ensiling, the grasses wereharvested in the growth stage of 40 days, at 20 cm from the ground level. The addition of the inoculant andmillet meal improved the fermentative and chemical parameters of both cultivars silages, by increasingsoluble carbohydrates (SC), CP and TDN contents and reducing ammonia-nitrogen and pH. Because ofits composition, 15% of millet meal inclusion affected SC, NDF, ADF and increased the IVDDM ofsilages. Bacterial inoculant or millet meal inclusion enhanced the nutritional value of Brachiaria brizanthasilages and, could have a positive performance response on ruminants fed with these silages. Wilting wasalso effective in improving the fermentative stability of grass silages and may be a cheaper alternative to additives.

O valor nutricional de silagens pré-secadas ou aditivadas dos capins Xarães e Piatã foi avaliado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (esquema fatorial 2x4), sendo duas cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (Xarães e Piatã) e quatro métodos de ensilagem: T1- controle, forragem in natura (FIN); T2- FIN pré-secada ao sol por 4 horas; T3- FIN + aditivo bacteriano (BactoSilo® Lallemand) 2 g t-1 FIN; T4- FIN + 15% de farelo de milheto. Para a ensilagem, os capins foram colhidos no estágio de crescimento de 40 dias, a 20 cm do nível do solo. A adição do inoculante e farelo de milheto melhoraram os parâmetros fermentativos e bromatológicos das silagens, elevando os teores de carboidratos solúveis (CHOS), PB, NDT e reduzindo o nitrogênio amoniacal e pH. Devido a sua composição, a adição de 15% de farelo de milheto, afetou os CHOS, FDN, FDA e incrementou a DIVMS nas silagens. A adição de inoculantes bacterianos ou farelo de milheto melhorou o valor nutricional das silagens de Brachiaria brizantha e, poderiam ter resposta positiva no desempenho de ruminantes alimentados com estas silagens. O pré- emurchecimento foi efetivo no incremento da estabilidade fermentativa de silagens de capim e, pode ser uma alternativa mais econômica aos aditivos.

Effects of inoculantes use in forage silages on protein and fiber levels, nutrients digestibility, pH, fermentation and aerobic stability / Efeitos da utilização de inoculantes em silagens de forrageiras sobre os teores de proteína e fibra, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, pH, fermentação e estabilidade aeróbia

Forage silage is the main form of voluminous food storage in the world. The ensiling makes possible the palatable food supply during the whole year, mainly in the drought period. During the ensiling process, the green forage inside of the silo suffers many transformations until the complete stabilization of the mass, acquiring the silage characteristics. With the objective of improving the fermentation process, some farmers have been using inoculants. However, the use of these inoculants, without evaluation of silage nutritional quality can increase the material cost. Besides, a big importance has been spared to the silage preservation process and your aerobics stability, mainly during the period of your use. Several works showing controversial results were found, in the literature, although some researches have shown beneficial effects of inoculants use on silage preservation and quality. It can be concluded that the inoculants use should not be considered as substitute of ensiling appropriate handling, such as: crop, compactation, storage and closure. In silages appropriately prepared, the inoculants use presents little or any benefit on silage preservation and quality.

A silagem de forrageiras é a principal forma de armazenamento de alimento volumoso no mundo. A ensilagem possibilita o fornecimento de alimento palatável durante todo o ano, principalmente no período de seca. Durante o processo de ensilagem, a forragem verde colocada no silo sofre transformação até a estabilização completa da massa, adquirindo as características de silagem. No intuito de melhorar o processo de fermentação, têm-se utilizado alguns inoculantes. Porém, a utilização destes, sem avaliação da qualidade nutricional da silagem pode aumentar o custo do material ensilado. Além disso, importância crescente tem sido dispensada ao processo de preservação das silagens e a sua estabilidade aeróbia, sobretudo durante o período de sua utilização. Embora algumas pesquisas mostrem efeitos benéficos da sua utilização sobre a preservação e a qualidade da silagem, foram encontrados, na literatura, vários trabalhos que mostram resultados controversos. Conclui-se que a utilização de inoculantes não deve ser considerada como substituto de manejo adequado de ensilagem, como: colheita, compactação, armazenamento e vedação. Em silagens adequadamente preparadas, a utilização de inoculantes apresenta pouco ou nenhum benefício sobre a preservação e a qualidade da silagem.

Effects of inoculantes use in forage silages on protein and fiber levels, nutrients digestibility, pH, fermentation and aerobic stability / Efeitos da utilização de inoculantes em silagens de forrageiras sobre os teores de proteína e fibra, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, pH, fermentação e estabilidade aeróbia

Forage silage is the main form of voluminous food storage in the world. The ensiling makes possible the palatable food supply during the whole year, mainly in the drought period. During the ensiling process, the green forage inside of the silo suffers many transformations until the complete stabilization of the mass, acquiring the silage characteristics. With the objective of improving the fermentation process, some farmers have been using inoculants. However, the use of these inoculants, without evaluation of silage nutritional quality can increase the material cost. Besides, a big importance has been spared to the silage preservation process and your aerobics stability, mainly during the period of your use. Several works showing controversial results were found, in the literature, although some researches have shown beneficial effects of inoculants use on silage preservation and quality. It can be concluded that the inoculants use should not be considered as substitute of ensiling appropriate handling, such as: crop, compactation, storage and closure. In silages appropriately prepared, the inoculants use presents little or any benefit on silage preservation and quality.

A silagem de forrageiras é a principal forma de armazenamento de alimento volumoso no mundo. A ensilagem possibilita o fornecimento de alimento palatável durante todo o ano, principalmente no período de seca. Durante o processo de ensilagem, a forragem verde colocada no silo sofre transformação até a estabilização completa da massa, adquirindo as características de silagem. No intuito de melhorar o processo de fermentação, têm-se utilizado alguns inoculantes. Porém, a utilização destes, sem avaliação da qualidade nutricional da silagem pode aumentar o custo do material ensilado. Além disso, importância crescente tem sido dispensada ao processo de preservação das silagens e a sua estabilidade aeróbia, sobretudo durante o período de sua utilização. Embora algumas pesquisas mostrem efeitos benéficos da sua utilização sobre a preservação e a qualidade da silagem, foram encontrados, na literatura, vários trabalhos que mostram resultados controversos. Conclui-se que a utilização de inoculantes não deve ser considerada como substituto de manejo adequado de ensilagem, como: colheita, compactação, armazenamento e vedação. Em silagens adequadamente preparadas, a utilização de inoculantes apresenta pouco ou nenhum benefício sobre a preservação e a qualidade da silagem.