RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate soil fertility amendment, stalk yield, sugar, bagasse, and trash yield as affected by surface application of dolomitic limestone and gypsum in green sugarcane ratoon. A factorial arrangement of four dolomitic limestone rates (0, 900, 1800, and 3600 kg ha1) and two gypsum rates (0 and 1700 kg ha1) was used in the experiment. The experiment was performed from October 2006 to October 2007, starting in the rainy season after the 2nd ratoon harvest of the variety SP813250 in a commercial green sugarcane plantation of the São Luiz Sugar Mill (47º25'33" W; 21º59'46", 627 m of altitude), located in Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, in southeast Brazil. After 12 months, the experiment was harvested, technological measurements of stalk yield were made, and soil samples were taken and analyzed. Gypsum acts as a subsurface conditioner thus contributing so the benefits of surface limestone application, on soil acidity correction, to reach deeper layers, allowing the development of the root system of plants in greater depth. However, application of gypsum may lead to leaching of Mg and K from the topsoil layers. The higher rates of lime in surface application provided acidity amendment and, consequently, increased soil fertility in the soil profile, and increased sugarcane stalk, sugar, bagasse, and trash yield.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a correção da fertilidade do solo e produtividade de colmos, açúcar, bagaço e palhiço a partir da aplicação superficial de calcário dolomítico e gesso em cana soca. O arranjo fatorial foi composto por 4 doses de calcário dolomítico (0, 900, 1800 e 3600 kg ha1) e duas doses de gesso (0 e 1700 kg ha1). O experimento foi realizado no período de outubro de 2006 a outubro de 2007, iniciando-se na estação chuvosa após a colheita da segunda soqueira. A variedade utilizada foi a SP813250 em plantio comercial de cana crua da Usina de São Luiz (47º25'33 "W; 21º59'46", 627 M de altitude), localizado em Pirassununga, estado de São Paulo, no sudeste do Brasil. Após 12 meses, o experimento foi colhido, determinado os parâmetros tecnológicos e amostras de solo foram coletadas e analisadas. O gesso atua como um condicionador subsuperficial contribuindo assim, para que os benefícios da aplicação superficial de calcário na correção da acidez do solo, alcancem camadas mais profundas e, portanto, permitindo o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular das plantas em maior profundidade. No entanto, a aplicação de gesso pode proporcionar lixiviação de Mg e K das camadas superficiais. As maiores doses de calcário aplicadas superficialmente propiciaram correção da acidez do solo e consequente incremento na fertilidade do solo, produtividade de colmos, açúcar, bagaço e palhiço da cana.
Assuntos
Sulfato de Cálcio , Acidez do Solo , Características do Solo , SaccharumRESUMO
In this work different biorefinery scenarios were investigated, concerning the co-production of bioethanol and electricity from available lignocellulose at a typical sugar mill, as possible extensions to the current combustion of bagasse for steam and electricity production and burning trash on-filed. In scenario 1, the whole bagasse and brown leaves is utilized in a biorefinery and coal is burnt in the existing inefficient sugar mill boiler. Scenario 2 & 3 are assumed with a new centralized CHP unit without/with coal co-combustion, respectively. Also, through scenarios 4 & 5, the effect of water insoluble loading were studied. All scenarios provided energy for the sugarmill and the ethanol plant, with the export of surplus electricity. Economic analysis determined that scenario 1 was the most viable scenario due to less capital cost and economies-of scale. Based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results, scenario 2 outperformed the other scenarios, while three scenarios showed lower contribution to environmental burdens than the current situation.
