RESUMO
In the Chinese national nutrition surveys, fortified foods were not investigated separately from the base diet, and the contribution of fortified foods to micronutrients intake is not very clear. This study investigated the diet, including fortified foods and food supplements, of urban pregnant women and analyzed the intake of calcium, iron, and zinc to assess the corresponding contributions of fortified foods, food supplements, and the base diet. The results demonstrated that the base diet was the major source of calcium, iron, and zinc, and was recommended to be the first choice for micronutrients intake. Furthermore, consumption of fortified foods and food supplements offered effective approaches to improve the dietary intake of calcium, iron, and zinc in Chinese urban pregnant women.
Assuntos
Cálcio da Dieta/metabolismo , Dieta , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Ferro da Dieta/metabolismo , Micronutrientes/metabolismo , Zinco/metabolismo , Adulto , Cálcio da Dieta/análise , China , Cidades , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Feminino , Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Humanos , Ferro da Dieta/análise , Micronutrientes/análise , Minerais/análise , Gravidez , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Zinco/análiseRESUMO
In the Chinese national nutrition surveys, fortified foods were not investigated separately from the base diet, and the contribution of fortified foods to micronutrients intake is not very clear. This study investigated the diet, including fortified foods and food supplements, of urban pregnant women and analyzed the intake of calcium, iron, and zinc to assess the corresponding contributions of fortified foods, food supplements, and the base diet. The results demonstrated that the base diet was the major source of calcium, iron, and zinc, and was recommended to be the first choice for micronutrients intake. Furthermore, consumption of fortified foods and food supplements offered effective approaches to improve the dietary intake of calcium, iron, and zinc in Chinese urban pregnant women.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Cálcio da Dieta , Metabolismo , China , Cidades , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Alimentos Fortificados , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Ferro da Dieta , Metabolismo , Micronutrientes , Metabolismo , Minerais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Saúde da População Urbana , Zinco , MetabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The localization and role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) along the nephron including the collecting ducts is still open to debate. METHODS: Using the quantitative, highly sensitive in situ hybridization technique and a double-staining immunohistochemistry technique, we investigated the axial distribution and expression of CaSR along the nephron in mice (C57B/6J) treated for 6 days with acid or alkali diets. RESULTS: Under control condition, CaSR was specifically localized in the cortical and medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (CTAL and MTAL), macula densa (MD), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and CCD (TALs, MD > DCT, CCD). Along the CCD, CaSR was co-localized with an anion exchanger type 4 (AE4), a marker of the basolateral membrane of type-B intercalated cell (IC-B) in mice. On the contrary, CaSR was not detected either in principal cells (PC) or in type-A intercalated cell (IC-A). CaSR expression levels in IC-B significantly (P < 0.005) decreased when mice were fed NH4Cl (acid) diets and increased when animals were given NaHCO3 (alkali) diets. As expected, cell heights of IC-A and IC-B significantly (P < 0.005) increased in the above experimental conditions. Surprisingly, single infusion (ip) of neomycin, an agonist of CaSR, significantly (P < 0.005) increased urinary Ca excretion without further increasing the hourly urine volume and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased urine pH. CONCLUSION: CaSR, cloned from rat kidney, was localized in the basolateral membrane of IC-B and was more expressed during alkali-loading. Its alkali-sensitive expression may promote urinary alkali secretion for body acid-base balance.
Assuntos
Túbulos Renais Coletores/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/biossíntese , Animais , Cálcio/urina , Tamanho Celular , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hibridização In Situ , Rim/citologia , Túbulos Renais Coletores/citologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Néfrons/metabolismo , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Receptores de Detecção de Cálcio , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genéticaRESUMO
Population studies suggest that greater dietary fiber intake may lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, possibly through the colonic bacterial fermentative production of butyrate. Butyrylated starch delivers butyrate to the colon of humans with potential to reduce CRC risk but high doses may exacerbate risk through promoting epithelial proliferation. Here we report the effects of increasing dietary butyrylated high amylose maize starch (HAMSB) on azoxymethane (AOM) induced distal colonic DNA damage, cell proliferation, mucus layer thickness and apoptosis in rats. Five groups of 15 rats were fed AIN-93G based diets containing 0-40% HAMSB for 4 weeks then injected with (AOM) and killed 6 hours later. Large bowel total SCFA, acetate and butyrate pools and hepatic portal venous plasma total SCFA, acetate and butyrate concentrations were higher with greater HAMSB intake. Distal colonic epithelial apoptotic index and colonic mucus thickness increased, while DNA single strand breaks decreased dose-dependently with greater HAMSB intake. Colonocyte proliferation rates were unaffected by diet. These data suggest that increasing large bowel butyrate may reduce the risk of CRC in a dose dependent manner by enhancing apoptotic surveillance in the colonic epithelium for damaged cells without promoting the risk of tumorigenesis through increased cell proliferation.
