Liquid Health. Medicine in the age of surveillance capitalism.

Digital health technologies transform practices, roles, and relationships in medicine. New possibilities for a ubiquitous and constant data collection and the processing of data in real-time enable more personalized health services. These technologies might also allow users to actively participate in health practices, thus potentially changing the role of patients from passive receivers of healthcare to active agents. The crucial driving force of this transformation is the implementation of data-intensive surveillance and monitoring as well as self-monitoring technologies. Some commentators use terms like revolution, democratization, and empowerment to describe the aforementioned transformation process in medicine. The public debate as well as most of the ethical discourse on digital health tends to focus on the technologies themselves, mostly ignoring the economic framework of their design and implementation. Analyzing the transformation process connected to digital health technologies needs an epistemic lens that also considers said economic framework, which I argue is surveillance capitalism. This paper introduces the concept of liquid health as such an epistemic lens. Liquid health is based on Zygmunt Bauman's framing of modernity as a process of liquefaction that dissolves traditional norms and standards, roles, and relations. By using liquid health as an epistemic lens, I aim to show how digital health technologies reshape concepts of health and illness, change the scope of the medical domain, and liquify roles and relationships that surround health and healthcare. The basic hypothesis is that although digital health technologies can lead to personalization of treatment and empowerment of users, their economic framework of surveillance capitalism may undermine these very goals. Using liquid health as a concept allows us to better understand and describe practices of health and healthcare that are shaped by digital technologies and the specific economic practices they are inseparably attached to.

Adiaphorisation and the digital nursing gaze: Liquid surveillance in long-term care.

The nursing gaze, that is the specific ways of observing the patient in nursing practice, has been the object of ethical debates for decades. It has been argued that the specific feature of observing patients in nursing is the stereoscopic vision that allows nurses to see the patient at the same time as a subject and a body. However, with the increased use of technology in nursing and the focus on quantifiable biomedical data, some commentators see a shift from the view of the patient as subject to the patient as body, which results in a de-humanisation and objectification of patients. The new digital technologies in patient monitoring and surveillance add a further dimension to this topic. It is yet unclear how digital technologies affect the nursing gaze, and with it, nursing practice. Furthermore, the ethical implications of the digitally enhanced nursing gaze have yet to be analysed. It is the purpose of this study to make a first step in this direction. By focusing on digitally enhanced monitoring technologies in long-term care, these technologies are interpreted as liquid surveillance, an approach introduced by Zygmunt Bauman. The Baumanian concept of adiaphorisation, that is the detachment of social action from moral evaluation, is used as normative framework of the analysis. The analysis shows that the tendency to remove surveillance practices from moral evaluation by framing them as enablers of an active, healthy life and as tools for caring for the vulnerable, the stereoscopic vision of the nursing gaze is undermined.

Corporate Social Responsibility in Liquid Times: The Case of Romania.

Existing scholarly work on corporate social responsibility (CSR) frequently emphasizes either normative/ethical claims about social progress or instrumental/strategic claims about corporate effectiveness, yet less often acknowledges the moral conditions of those undertaking CSR within a specific cultural context. In this paper, we draw attention to the social conditions in which CSR takes place and the related ethics of the subjects that must enact it. Our approach is to document the lived experiences of practitioners in Romania, a post-communist society. Drawing from fifty-three depth interviews with both corporate responsibility practitioners, and managers in non-profit organizations who together work on CSR projects, we describe their experiences of the social and organizational environment, the CSR practices that are undertaken in this context, and the intended and unintended consequences of such work. Using Bauman's theorization of ethics, including adiaphora and moral distancing, and Bortun's interpretation of Romanianness, we then theorize liquid CSR as an ambivalence between adiaphoric practice (instrumental morality, careerism and self-interest) and the moral impulse to do good, resulting in both intended (short-term promotion and competitive victimhood) and unintended consequences (a potential for corruption and collateral beneficiaries).

Non-greeting rituals in clinical placements.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to generate knowledge about how clinical placements contribute to the creation of sustainable nursing education in Denmark. The article discusses how nursing students feel socially excluded when registered nurses do not recognise them through deviating from culturally appropriate greeting rituals. METHOD: A constructivist grounded theory study of (n = 15) individual semi-structured interviews with nursing students in their first and third years of study. RESULTS: Nursing students feel awkward, alienated and uncomfortable when confronted with a culture where registered nurses do not greet them. They are met by the attitude that Bauman refers to as "appropriate indifference," which means that the registered nurses act as if they neither see nor hear them because they are considered faceless private failures. CONCLUSION: Nurses' non-greeting rituals in clinical placements counteract the creation of sustainable nursing education. The aim of this article is to contribute with knowledge about socially inappropriate non-greeting rituals and recommend friendly and socially sustainable education in clinical placements.

A questão do estrangeiro na contemporaneidade: uma leitura a partir de Zygmunt Bauman / The foreigners question in contemporaneity: a reading from Zygmunt Bauman / La cuestión del extranjero en la contemporaneidad: una lectura a partir de Zygmunt Bauman

Vive-se um momento global em que pessoas estão sendo forçadas a sair de seus países, preponderantemente por considerarem que estes não oferecerem condições de vida e proteção, dirigindo-se para outras localidades em busca de refúgio. A partir destes movimentos internacionais levantam-se a necessidade de construir modos de convivência. O presente trabalho pretende analisar a problemática do contexto atual de migrações internacionais e a questão do estrangeiro a partir da obra do sociólogo polonês Zygmunt Bauman. Nesta análise, é realizada uma discussão acerca da questão do estrangeiro amparada ao conceito de identidade. Considerando a alteridade como uma dimensão que se faz presente na relação com o outro, por fim entendemos a necessidade de desenvolver um olhar que inclua o reconhecimento do outro em sua singularidade. Ao mesmo tempo, compreendemos a importância de desenvolver uma nova política vinculada à construção de espaços físicos e simbólicos que viabilizem a vivência na diferença. (AU)

We live in a global moment when people are being forced to leave their countries, mainly because they consider that they do not offer living conditions and protection, going to other places in search of refuge. From these international movements it is possible to observe the need to construct ways of coexistence. The present work intends to analyze the problematic of the current context of international migrations and the issue of the foreigner from the ideas of polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. For this analysis the issue of the foreigner supported by the concept of identity. Considering the otherness that is present in the relationship with the other, finally we understand the importance of the recognition of the other in its singularity. At the same time, we understand the need to develop a new policy linked to construction of physical and symbolic spaces that make possible the experience of difference. (AU)

Se vive un momento global en que las personas están siendo forzadas a salir de sus países, principalmente por considerar que éstos no ofrecen condiciones de vida y protección, dirigiéndose a otras localidades en busca de refugio. A partir de estos movimientos internacionales se plantea la necesidad de construir modos de convivencia. El presente trabajo pretende analizar la problemática del contexto actual de las migraciones internacionales y la cuestión del extranjero a partir de la obra del sociólogo polaco Zygmunt Bauman. Para este análisis se plantea la cuestión del extranjero amparado al concepto de identidad. Considerando la alteridad que se hace presente en la relación con el otro, por fin entendemos la necesidad del reconocimiento del otro en su singularidad. Al mismo tiempo, se entiende que es necesario desarrollar una política vinculada a la construcción de espacios físicos y simbólicos que viabilizen la vivencia en la diferencia. (AU)

Analysis on the change of distribution of the major non-fermenting bacilli and the sensitivity of antibiotics from 2014 to 2016 / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotics resistance of the major non-fermenting bacteria in our hospital from 2011 to 2016 ,then provide a reference for clinic practice .Methods Retrospective-ly analyze clinical distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of 2398 non-fermenting bacteria from 2014 to 2016 .Results Over the past 3 years ,2398 main non fermented bacteria were isolated ,mainly 1019 strains of Acinetobacter Bauman (42 .5％ ) ,followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1016 (42 .4％ ) .The main non fermen-tative bacteria isolated from ICU were 727 strains (30 .3％ ) ,ranking the first in all departments ,and the Acin-etobacter Bauman was the top .The sensitivity rate of Acinetobacter Bauman to antibiotics was decreasing year by year ,as low as 25 .0％ -40 .0％ .Especially in ICU ,the sensitivity rates were less than 10 .0％ .The suscep-tibility rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a variety of antibiotics ,such as ceftazidime ,cefepime ,imipenem , ciprofloxacin ,levofloxacin ,were all increased ,and the sensitivity was >70 .0％ .Conclusion Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the main pathogenic bacteria in the clinical distribution of non fermenting bacte-ria .The most sensitive rate of the former to antibiotics was decreasing year by year ,especially the ICU situa-tion was severe ,the sensitivity of the latter was increasing year by year ,which was beneficial to the clinical se-lection of antimicrobial agents .

Analysis of the clinical distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria in Zigong Geriatric Hospital from 2014 to 2016 / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of common bacteria isolated from geriatric hospital for 2014 -2016 years,and to provide basis for the use of infection in elderly patients. Methods Bacterial identification and drug sensitivity test of isolates from January 2014 to December 2016 were performed by Microscan WalkAway 96 automatic microorganism analyzer.The drug resistance was ana-lyzed by Whonet5.6 software.Results In 2014-2016 a total of 2 133 strains of pathogens were isolated,in-cluding 1 668 strains of gram negative bacteria,accounting for 78.2%;318 strains of gram positive bacteria ac-counted for 14.9%;leather were the top 5 bacteria were Gram-negative bacteria,522 strains of Escherichia co-li,accounting for 24.5%,407 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae,accounting for 19.1%,244 Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus strains accounted for 11.4%,163 strains of proteus,accouuting for 7.6%;141 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii,accounting for 6.6%.No resistance to vancomycin,linezolid and daptomycin in Staphylococcus and Enterococcus,were not detected in carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneu-moniae,Proteus drug.The detection rates of ESBLs producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 26.7% and 13.6%,respectively.The detection rates of ESBLs producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneu-moniae were 26.7% and 13.6%,respectively.The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acineto-bacter Bauman to imipenem w ere 8.6% and 32.6%,respectively.Conclusion T he bacterial resistance rate level is not high,the carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae and non fermentive bacteria should be paid at-tention to,and the monitoring of bacterial multi drug resistant bacteria in the management and prevention of nosocomial spread and the restriction of the use of antibacterial drugs should be strengthened.We should refer to the drug resistance monitoring data of elderly population and select rational antibiotics according to the sen-sitivity test results.

Experience of drug treatment of multiple drug resistant acinetobacter bauman in severe pneumonia / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the effect of different drugs on the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by multi drug resistant Acinetobacter Bauman, and to provide reference for clinical application in the future.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 250 cases of severe pneumonia patients with multiple drug resistant Acinetobacter Bauman admitted to intensive care unit in Yuyao Second People's Hospital from June 2011 to June 2016.The 250 cases were divided into the observation group and the control group, 125 cases in each group.The observation group were given imipenem (imipenem/cilastatin sodium), mepem (meropenem), sulperazone (Chuba Staw Na, cefoperazone) and levofloxacin, while the control group were given polymyxin E.The clinical efficacy, adverse reaction rate, C-reactive protein(CRP) and white blood cell count(WBC) were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 87.20% and 61.60% in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant, P<0.05.The adverse reaction rate in the observation group was 10.40% and 8.80% in the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups about adverse reaction rarte.Inflammatory markers, CRP and WBC in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, P<0.05.ConclusionImipenem, mepem, sulperazone and levofloxacin in treatment of severe pneumonia with multi drug resistant Acinetobacter Bauman, the clinical curative effect is good, less adverse reaction, is a drug treatment program that is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Clinical Distribution and Resistant Transition of Clinical Isolated Acinetobacter Bauman in Xiangya Hospital / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective The clinical distribution and drug resistance of isolated Acinetobacter Bauman strains were retrospectively analyzed in Xiangya Hospital Central South University in 2015,and its resistant transitions in ten years were also analyzed,to provide theoretical guidance for clinical rational use of antibiotics and control of infection.Methods 534 Acinetobacter Bauman strains were collected at Xiangya Hospital in 2015,the clinical distribution characteristics and drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman strains were analyzed according to specimen type,department,age and drug resistance result.Meanwhile,the drug resistance situation was compared with that in 2006 and 2011.Results The isolation rate of Acinetobacer Bauman from respiratory tract specimen was 76.78％,the tolal isolation rate from ICU,respiratory department of internal medicine,neurology department of internal medicine and neurosurgery department ward was 57.87 ％,and the infection patients over the age of 61 occupied 37.83 ％.Risperidone/Shubatan showed the best antibiotic activity with the resistance rate 3.02 ％ in ten drugs,the Acinetobacter Bauman strains were resist to other nine drugs in different level,with the percent from 50.0％ to 85.0％.The drugs of tobramycin and imipenem showed the greatest growth,with the resistance rate of 1.87％ and 11.70％ in 2006 in Xiangya hospital,increased to 69.85％ and 80.53％ in 2015,respectively.The drug of levofloxacin and cefepime also showed great growth in ten years with the increase of 58.81％ and 55.98％,respectively.Conclusion The clinical isolates of Acinetobacter Bauman strains mainly derived from respiratory tract specimen,and mainly distributed in ICU,the most infection people were from the older.The resistance rate of common drugs showed a significant increase in ten years,especially for cephalosporins and carbapenems.With the increase of multiple drug resistant strains,the monitoring of drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman and use of antibiotics rationally should be strengthened.

Comparison of two methods testing synergistic action of Reduning and cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium on extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter bauman / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To observe the results of broth dilution method and disc diffusion method to test the synergistic effect of Reduning and cefoperazone sodium / sulbactam sodium(SCF) on extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter bauman (XDR-AB) in vitro environment ,and compare their compliance to guide the clinical medication .Methods A total of 12 strains of XDR-AB from infec-tion patients in our hospital in 2015 were collected ,the strain was sub cultured .Firstly ,observe the minimum inhibitory concentra-tion (MIC) of SCF and Reduning on XDR-AB alone and in combination by broth dilution method .And then judge the synergy effects through calculation .Secondly ,the inhibition ring diameter and the synergy effects was detected using the disc diffusion meth-od .Results The MIC of Reduning and SCF in combination on XDR-AB was declined compared with them alone .The Fractional in-hibitory concentration of Reduning and SCF in combination on XDR-AB were equal or less than 0 .5 ,they had synergistic effect on XDR-AB .The inhibition ring diameter of Reduning was 10 mm tested by disk diffusion method .Different strains of XDR-AB on SCF bacteriostatic annulus diameter difference ,5 strains were 15 mm ,3 strains were 16 mm ,and 4 strains were 17 mm .Reduning and SCF appeared synergistic effect according to the inhibition ring diameter expanded when they effected on XDR -AB in combina-tion .Conclusion In vitro ,Reduning combined with SCF on XDR-AB has good synergistic effect .Compared with broth microdilution checkerboard dilution method ,disk diffusion method is more simple and convenient ,but it has a certain subjective on judging re-sults ,which is better to operate by experienced person .

Effect of amikacin and prulifloxacin alternate application in the treatment of lung infections in ICU resistant acinetobacter bauman / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Amikacin and prulifloxacin alternate application in the treatment of Lung infections in ICU resistant Acinetobacter Bauman.Methods 82 cases of Lung infections in ICU resistant Acinetobacter Bauman from August 2014 to August 2016 in our hospital were selected and randomLy divided into two groups, 41 cases in control group were given routine treatment, 41 cases in the experimental group were treated with Amikacin and prulifloxacin alternate application, and patients were treated continuous for two weeks.Levels of serum CRP, PCT, WBC, N%, SCR, BUN, AST, ALT, scores of APACHE II and CPIS and clinical efficacy were observed pre-and post-treatment.Results After two weeks, levels of serum CRP, PCT, WBC and N% in experimental group were significantly lower than control group, scores of APACHE II and CPIS were significantly lower than the control group, the total clinical efficiency was higher than the control group(P<0.05), and the levels of serum SCR, BUN, ALT, AST were lower, but had no statistically difference.Conclusion Amikacin and prulifloxacin alternate application in the treatment of Lung infections in ICU resistant Acinetobacter Bauman can reduce the patient's inflammatory reaction and the degree of infection.

Sobre a relação homem-trabalho no contexto da sociedade líquido-moderna: reflexões a partir de Zygmunt Bauman / About the relationship men-work in the liquid modern society: refletions from Zygmunt Bauman / La relacion hombre -trabajo en el contexto de la sociedade liquido-moderna: reflexiones desde Zygmunt Bauman

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir sobre a relação homem-trabalho na sociedade líquido-moderna, conforme termo cunhado pelo sociólogo polonês Zygmunt Bauman. Observa-se que o trabalho na contemporaneidade assume um novo papel, com novas formatações, não sendo mais caracterizado pela estabilidade ou mesmo, visto como elemento central no projeto de vida da maior parte da população. Devido à instabilidade relacional, o vinculo entre homem, organização e trabalho configura-se como sendo de curto prazo. Nesse sentido, a flexibilização ganha espaço e com ela, a ampliação de trabalhos considerados como precários, além da forte presença de um discurso que preza pela valorização da subjetividade tomada a partir de um viés utilitário. Assim, o homem e o trabalho passam a serem tomados a partir de sua relação com a lógica de consumo. Os processos de gerenciamento também passam por mudanças de forma a ter no caos e na incerteza o fundamento de sua prática. Dessa forma, as organizações passam a incentivar a busca de autoconstrução como forma de enfrentamento a fluidez e efemeridade do trabalho. Conclui-se por fim, que o psicólogo precisa refletir sobre as novas demandas por ele recebidas vinculadas ao momento acima descrito para assim buscar formas de potencialização de ações singulares pelos sujeitos em diferentes contextos organizativos relativos ao trabalho.(AU)

This paper aims to discuss the relationship between man and work on liquid-modern society, as a term coined by the polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. It is observed that in contemporary work takes on a new role, with new formats. It’s no longer characterized by stability or even it hasn’t been seen as a central element in the life project of most of the population. Because ofthe relational instability, the bond between man and work organization is characterized as being short-term. In this sense, the flexibility becomes hegemonic and with it, the expansion of precarious work, besides the strong presence of a discourse that values the appreciation of subjectivity taken from a utility way. So the man and the work are to be taken from their relationship with the logic of consumption. Management processes also undergo changes in order to take into chaos and uncertainty the foundation of your practice. Thus, organizations start to encourage the pursuit of self-construction as a way of confrontation the fluidity and transience of work. We conclude that the psychologist needs to reflect on the new demands received in contemporary times so as to find ways of empowering the singular actions by subjects in different organizational contexts relating to work.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la relación entre el hombre y el trabajo en la sociedad líquido-moderno, como definido por el sociólogo polaco Zygmunt Bauman. Se observa que en trabajo en la contemporaneidad adquiere un nuevo papel, con nuevos formatos y ya no se caracteriza por la estabilidad o mismo visto como un elemento central en el proyecto de vida de la mayoría de la población. Debido a la inestabilidad relacional, el vínculo entre el hombre, la organización y el trabajo se caracteriza por ser de corto plazo. En este sentido, la flexibilidad gana espacio y, con ella, la expansión del trabajo considerados precario, además de la fuerte presencia de un discurso que valora el reconocimiento de la subjetividad tomada de un sesgo de utilidad. Así que el hombre y el trabajo deben ser tomados de su relación con la lógica del consumo. Procesos de gestión también sufren cambios teniendo en el caos y la incertidumbre base de su práctica. Por lo tanto, las organizaciones comienzan a incentivar la construcción de sí mismo como una manera de afrontamiento a la fluidez y lo efímero del trabajo. Se concluye finalmente que el psicólogotiene que reflexionar sobre las nuevas demandas recibidas por él vinculada al momento que se ha descrito anteriormente para buscar la manera de empoderar a las acciones individuales delos sujetos en diferentes contextos de organización de trabajo.(AU)

Sobre a relação homem-trabalho no contexto da sociedade líquido-moderna: reflexões a partir de Zygmunt Bauman / About the relationship men-work in the liquid modern society: refletions from Zygmunt Bauman / La relacion hombre -trabajo en el contexto de la sociedade liquido-moderna: reflexiones desde Zygmunt Bauman

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir sobre a relação homem-trabalho na sociedade líquido-moderna, conforme termo cunhado pelo sociólogo polonês Zygmunt Bauman. Observa-se que o trabalho na contemporaneidade assume um novo papel, com novas formatações, não sendo mais caracterizado pela estabilidade ou mesmo, visto como elemento central no projeto de vida da maior parte da população. Devido à instabilidade relacional, o vinculo entre homem, organização e trabalho configura-se como sendo de curto prazo. Nesse sentido, a flexibilização ganha espaço e com ela, a ampliação de trabalhos considerados como precários, além da forte presença de um discurso que preza pela valorização da subjetividade tomada a partir de um viés utilitário. Assim, o homem e o trabalho passam a serem tomados a partir de sua relação com a lógica de consumo. Os processos de gerenciamento também passam por mudanças de forma a ter no caos e na incerteza o fundamento de sua prática. Dessa forma, as organizações passam a incentivar a busca de autoconstrução como forma de enfrentamento a fluidez e efemeridade do trabalho. Conclui-se por fim, que o psicólogo precisa refletir sobre as novas demandas por ele recebidas vinculadas ao momento acima descrito para assim buscar formas de potencialização de ações singulares pelos sujeitos em diferentes contextos organizativos relativos ao trabalho.

This paper aims to discuss the relationship between man and work on liquid-modern society, as a term coined by the polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. It is observed that in contemporary work takes on a new role, with new formats. It’s no longer characterized by stability or even it hasn’t been seen as a central element in the life project of most of the population. Because ofthe relational instability, the bond between man and work organization is characterized as being short-term. In this sense, the flexibility becomes hegemonic and with it, the expansion of precarious work, besides the strong presence of a discourse that values the appreciation of subjectivity taken from a utility way. So the man and the work are to be taken from their relationship with the logic of consumption. Management processes also undergo changes in order to take into chaos and uncertainty the foundation of your practice. Thus, organizations start to encourage the pursuit of self-construction as a way of confrontation the fluidity and transience of work. We conclude that the psychologist needs to reflect on the new demands received in contemporary times so as to find ways of empowering the singular actions by subjects in different organizational contexts relating to work.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la relación entre el hombre y el trabajo en la sociedad líquido-moderno, como definido por el sociólogo polaco Zygmunt Bauman. Se observa que en trabajo en la contemporaneidad adquiere un nuevo papel, con nuevos formatos y ya no se caracteriza por la estabilidad o mismo visto como un elemento central en el proyecto de vida de la mayoría de la población. Debido a la inestabilidad relacional, el vínculo entre el hombre, la organización y el trabajo se caracteriza por ser de corto plazo. En este sentido, la flexibilidad gana espacio y, con ella, la expansión del trabajo considerados precario, además de la fuerte presencia de un discurso que valora el reconocimiento de la subjetividad tomada de un sesgo de utilidad. Así que el hombre y el trabajo deben ser tomados de su relación con la lógica del consumo. Procesos de gestión también sufren cambios teniendo en el caos y la incertidumbre base de su práctica. Por lo tanto, las organizaciones comienzan a incentivar la construcción de sí mismo como una manera de afrontamiento a la fluidez y lo efímero del trabajo. Se concluye finalmente que el psicólogotiene que reflexionar sobre las nuevas demandas recibidas por él vinculada al momento que se ha descrito anteriormente para buscar la manera de empoderar a las acciones individuales delos sujetos en diferentes contextos de organización de trabajo.

Por uma sociologia (ainda) crítica do esporte nas Américas: o papel dos intelectuais e das associações científicas / Towards a (still) critical sociology of sport in the Americas: the role of intellectuals and scientific associations / Por una sociología (aún) crítica del deporte en las américas: elpapel de los intelectuales y de las asociaciones científicas

Este artigo reflete sobre o papel público dos intelectuais. Descreve, para tanto, a posição de dois renomados pensadores da atualidade: Jürgen Habermas e Zygmunt Bauman. Investiga a crise do discurso intelectual de caráter legislador e suas repercussões no papel público da Filosofia e da Sociologia, disciplinas que, respectivamente, esses autores representam. Conclui com implicações para a função pública dos intelectuais que estudam o esporte e suas instituições.

This paper reflects upon the public role of intellectuals. In doing so, it draws from the work of two renowned contemporary thinkers, Jürgen Habermas and Zygmunt Bauman. It researches how the “legislator” feature of intellectual discourse has reached a crisis and how this has affected the public role of Philosophy and Sociology, which are represented respectively by the two thinkers. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these critiques to the public engagement of intellectuals who conduct research on sport and scientific associations.

Este artículo reflexiona sobre el papel público de los intelectuales. Describe, para esto, la posición de dos reconocidos pensadores de la actualidad: Jürgen Habermas y Zygmunt Bauman. Investiga la crisis del discurso intelectual de carácter legislador y sus repercusiones en el papel público de la Filosofía y de la Sociología, disciplinas que esos autores, respectivamente, representan. Concluye con implicaciones para la función pública de los intelectuales que estudian el deporte y sus instituciones.

A sociologia pública no âmbito da produção e intervenção em esporte e lazer no Brasil / La sociología pública en el ámbito de la producción e intervención en deporte y ocio en Brasil / Public sociology in the domain of academic production and intervention in sport and leisure

Este artigo procurou investigar a configuração de uma sociologia pública, nos termos de Michael Burawoy, no âmbito dos estudos das políticas públicas de esporte e lazer no Brasil. Para a realização desse objetivo, foram analisados indicadores provenientes de quatro grupos de pesquisa dedicados ao tema a partir das categorias propostas por Burawoy. Os dados dão indícios de que grande parte da produção se faz a partir de sociologias críticas ou políticas, predominando a avaliação das políticas públicas. A produção no campo das políticas públicas de esporte e lazer traz contribuições pontuais, porém ainda incipientes de uma sociologia pública e da atuação dos intelectuais como profissionais orgânicos.

In order to discuss the academic production within sport and leisure studies in Brazil using the framework of Burawoy, this article analyzes the objectives of four research groups dedicated to public policies in this area. Mapping the academic production from this perspective, we observed some inconsistencies. Research on sport and leisure policies provides some useful contributions, however it engages only incipiently with public sociology and organic intellectualism. Much of the academic production proceeds from the perspective of critical or political sociology, and evaluation of public policy predominates.

En este artículo se trató de investigar la configuración de una sociología pública, en los términos de Michael Burawoy, en el campo de los estudios sobre políticas públicas para el deporte y el ocio en Brasil. Para lograr este objetivo, se analizaron los indicadores de cuatro grupos de investigación dedicados al tema, con base en las categorías propuestas por Burawoy. Los datos dan evidencia de que gran parte de la producción proviene de las sociologías críticas o políticas, predominando la evaluación de las políticas públicas. La producción en el campo de las políticas públicas para el deporte y el ocio trae contribuciones específicas, aunque incipientes acerca de la sociología pública y del papel de los intelectuales como profesionales orgánicos.

Las coordenadas de la obediencia. Milgram a través de la lectura de Zygmunt Bauman / The coordinates of obedience. Milgram through reading Zygmunt Bauman

El reconocido sociólogo polaco Zygmunt Bauman destaca un valor central en las investigaciones de Stanley Milgram: la demostración de que los actos crueles no los cometen individuos crueles, sino sujetos comunes que intentan alcanzar el éxito en sus tareas normales. La crueldad tiene escasa relación con las características psicológicas de quienes la llevan a cabo, y sí tiene una fuerte vinculación con la relación de autoridad y subordinación, vale decir, con nuestra normal y cotidiana estructura de poder y obediencia. Este artículo discute las coordenadas que explican tal sumisión a la autoridad: 1) la distancia social; 2) la paradoja de la acción secuencial; 3) la moralización de la tecnología; 4) la responsabilidad flotante; 5) la concentración del poder

The well knowed Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman highlights a core value in investigations of Stanley Milgram: the demonstration that cruel acts are committed by individuals not cruel, but common subjects trying to succeed in their normal duties. Cruelty has little to do with the psychological characteristics of those who carry it out, but does have a strong link with the relationship of authority and subordination, ie normal, everyday power structures and obedience. This article discusses the coordinates that explain such submission to authority: 1) social distance, 2) the sequential action paradox, 3) the moralization of technology; 4) unfunded liability, 5) the concentration of power

O corpo sem morada: a doença psicossomática como expressão do desfundamento da pessoa humana na sociedade contemporânea / Homeless body: ON Psychosomatic Phenomenon in Contemporary Society

O texto pretende promover uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades encontradas, na contemporaneidade, para que o corpo possa vir a se constituir como expressividade do Ser. Para tal problematiza as relações estabelecidas entre a corporeidade e o cenário fluido da contemporaneidade. Inicia-se a partir das contribuições de Bauman no deslindamento das condições categoriais que definem o atual espaço histórico-social como sendo organizado pelas vertentes do tempo fluido, dos laços sociais frágeis, da individualidade e do hedonismo massificantes, que comportam uma inserção corporal fragmentada e sem referenciais coletivos. As implicações desse cenário sobre a vivência corporal são tematizadas tomando como articulador principal a perspectiva winnicottiana sobre o desenvolvimento emocional do Ser humano para nos indagarmos quais seriam as possibilidades encontradas pelo Corpo de vir a se constituir como um lugar de morada para o Self, fundando o abrigo necessário para nossa sobrevivência psicossomática.

The present paper aims to promote a reflection on the possibilities found by body in order to be an expression of being at present times. The relationship between body and contemporary world is taken into consideration. First it presents Baunan's theory on contemporary social space, stressing fluid times, fragile social links and individuality which fund a fragmented body with no group references. The impact of this scene on body's experience is questioned in relation to Winnicott's theory on emotional development to inquire if there is any possibility that body came to be a Self place able to sustain our psychosomatic survival.

Clube da luta: sofrimentos radicais e sociedade contemporânea / Fight club: radical sufferings and contemporary society / El club de la lucha: sufrimientos radicales y sociedad contemporânea

Este artigo deriva de uma pesquisa psicanalítica sobre um importante fenômeno clínico que articula despersonalização e desrealização, o qual, sob a pena de Winnicott, é conhecido como "incapacidade de se sentir vivo e real". Trata-se de um fenômeno típico de quadros borderline e psicóticos, cujas manifestações têm se mostrado frequentes na sociedade contemporânea. Utilizou-se como objeto de análise uma narrativa psicanalítica do filme Clube da luta, tomado como um acontecer humano ficcional. Foram criados/encontrados sete campos diversos, integrantes de um campo maior - "ser ou não ser". Estabelecendo interlocuções com Winnicott e Bauman, foi possível concluir que a problemática clínica estudada articula-se intimamente às novas formas de organização da sociedade líquido-moderna, as quais, de modo paradoxal, incrementam um certo tipo de individualismo ao dificultarem o amadurecimento pessoal no sentido do desenvolvimento da capacidade de se sentir vivo, real e capaz de gestualidade espontânea e transformadora de si e do mundo.

This paper derives from a psychoanalytical piece of research about an important clinical phenomenon that articulates depersonalization and derealization, which, according to Winnicott, are known as the “inability to feel alive and real”. This is a typical phenomenon found in borderline and psychotic clinical profiles, the manifestations of which have demonstrated to be frequent in contemporary society. The analytical object in use was a psychoanalytical narrative employed in the movie picture known as Fight club - understood as a fictional human event. Seven diverse fields were created/found as parts of a greater field - “to be or not to be”. By establishing a dialogue with Winnicott and Bauman, it was possible to conclude that the clinical issue in question is intimately concerned with the new forms of organizing the liquid-modern society, which paradoxically develop a certain type of individualism while they make it hard to personal growth in a sense of developing one’s ability of feeling alive, real and able to provide spontaneous gesture to transform the self and the world.

El presente artículo se deriva de un trabajo de investigación psicoanalítica sobre un importante fenómeno clínico, que articula la despersonalización y la desrealización que, según la opinión de Winnicott, se conocen como "la incapacidad de sentirse vivo y real". Se trata de un fenómeno típico de cuadros borderline y psicóticos, cuyas manifestaciones demostraron ser frecuentes en la sociedad contemporánea. Como objeto de análisis, se há utilizado una narrativa psicoanalítica de la película El club de la lucha, considerada en su aspecto de acontecer humano de ficción. Se crearon/encontraron siete campos diferentes, integrantes de un campo más grande - "ser o no ser". Entablando interlocuciones con Winnicott y Bauman, se pudo concluir que la problemática clínica estudiada se articula íntimamente con las nuevas formas de organización de la sociedad líquido-moderna que, paradójicamente, fomentan un cierto tipo de individualismo, al mismo tiempo que perjudican La saturación personal en lo que se refiere al desarrollo de la capacidad de sentirse vivo, real y capaz de una gestualidad espontánea y transformadora de si mismo y del mundo.